api: isolate schemas in osrd_schemas package

[bloussou]

This PR is moving schemas in a separate python package.

• api code is now under python/api
• api/osrd_infra/schemas/ -> python/osrd_schemas
• `python folder as been created because of docker build context, IMO it is the simplest way to have something working : Support multiple build contexts docker/compose#9461
• Added linter checks in ci for osrd_schemas package

close #1150

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3236 (359ddca) into dev (eb5d4ea) will decrease coverage by 0.32%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

❗ Current head 359ddca differs from pull request most recent head bd496e8. Consider uploading reports for the commit bd496e8 to get more accurate results

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##                dev    #3236      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     67.19%   66.87%   -0.32%     
  Complexity     1876     1876              
============================================
  Files           398      396       -2     
  Lines         19153    19106      -47     
  Branches       1498     1488      -10     
============================================
- Hits          12869    12777      -92     
- Misses         5598     5653      +55     
+ Partials        686      676      -10     

Flag	Coverage Δ
core	79.18% <ø> (ø)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
front/src/utils/numbers.ts	38.88% <0.00%> (-33.34%)	⬇️
...nts/SimulationResults/ChartHelpers/ChartHelpers.ts	24.18% <0.00%> (-12.39%)	⬇️
...ts/SimulationResults/SpaceTimeChart/createTrain.ts	27.43% <0.00%> (-1.27%)	⬇️
front/src/reducers/osrdsimulation/index.ts	49.47% <0.00%> (-0.53%)	⬇️
editoast/src/views/mod.rs	94.11% <0.00%> (-0.33%)	⬇️
...ront/src/applications/operationalStudies/consts.ts	68.65% <0.00%> (-0.10%)	⬇️
front/src/common/api/osrdEditoastApi.ts	91.39% <0.00%> (-0.02%)	⬇️
editoast/src/main.rs	7.62% <0.00%> (ø)
...nents/SimulationResults/simulationResultsConsts.ts
editoast/src/views/documents.rs
... and 3 more

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[flomonster]

Thanks for this PR.

Few files should be updated:

• .github/dependabot
• .github/CODEOWNERS