Apply changes from refurb and ruff to plasmapy.particles

[namurphy]

This PR follows up on #1845 by applying changes from refurb and ruff to plasmapy.particles.

[github-actions]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Base: 98.33% // Head: 98.33% // No change to project coverage 👍

Coverage data is based on head (a606133) compared to base (5eda6f1).
Patch coverage: 100.00% of modified lines in pull request are covered.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1846   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   98.33%   98.33%           
=======================================
  Files          95       95           
  Lines        8343     8343           
=======================================
  Hits         8204     8204           
  Misses        139      139           

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
plasmapy/particles/atomic.py	98.64% <ø> (ø)
plasmapy/particles/ionization_state.py	94.92% <ø> (ø)
plasmapy/particles/_factory.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
plasmapy/particles/_parsing.py	98.44% <100.00%> (ø)
plasmapy/particles/ionization_state_collection.py	91.90% <100.00%> (ø)
plasmapy/particles/particle_class.py	98.49% <100.00%> (ø)
plasmapy/particles/particle_collections.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

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