Implement RFC 277: native error throwing

[rjmholt]

PR Summary

Continuation of @rkeithhill's work in #15757.

Implements error throwing with error action preference integration for native executables, similar to set -e scenarios on *nix.

PR Context

See on PowerShell/PowerShell-RFC#277.

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  • Experimental feature(s) needed
    • Experimental feature name(s): PSNativeCommandErrorActionPreference
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[iSazonov]

Should we explicitly create $exception in the scope too?

[rjmholt]

Well it'll be $null by default, rather than $false, so we don't really need to

[ghost]

🎉v7.3.0-preview.1 has been released which incorporates this pull request.:tada:

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