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symbolic_monomial_test.cc
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symbolic_monomial_test.cc
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#include <exception>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <fmt/ostream.h>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include "drake/common/eigen_types.h"
#include "drake/common/hash.h"
#include "drake/common/symbolic.h"
#include "drake/common/test_utilities/expect_throws_message.h"
#include "drake/common/test_utilities/symbolic_test_util.h"
using std::map;
using std::ostringstream;
using std::pair;
using std::runtime_error;
using std::unordered_map;
using std::vector;
namespace drake {
namespace symbolic {
namespace {
using test::ExprEqual;
using test::VarLess;
class MonomialTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
const Variable var_w_{"w"};
const Variable var_z_{"z"};
const Variable var_y_{"y"};
const Variable var_x_{"x"};
const Expression w_{var_w_};
const Expression z_{var_z_};
const Expression y_{var_y_};
const Expression x_{var_x_};
vector<Monomial> monomials_;
void SetUp() override {
monomials_ = {
Monomial{}, // 1.0
Monomial{var_x_, 1}, // x^1
Monomial{var_y_, 1}, // y^1
Monomial{var_z_, 1}, // z^1
Monomial{var_x_, 2}, // x^2
Monomial{var_y_, 3}, // y^3
Monomial{var_z_, 4}, // z^4
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}}, // xy^2
Monomial{{{var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 5}}}, // y^2z^5
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 3}}}, // xy^2z^3
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 4}, {var_z_, 3}}}, // x^2y^4z^3
};
EXPECT_PRED2(VarLess, var_y_, var_x_);
EXPECT_PRED2(VarLess, var_z_, var_y_);
EXPECT_PRED2(VarLess, var_w_, var_z_);
}
// Helper function to extract Substitution (Variable -> Expression) from a
// symbolic environment.
Substitution ExtractSubst(const Environment& env) {
Substitution subst;
subst.reserve(env.size());
for (const pair<const Variable, double>& p : env) {
subst.emplace(p.first, p.second);
}
return subst;
}
// Checks if Monomial::Evaluate corresponds to Expression::Evaluate.
//
// ToExpression
// Monomial ------------> Expression
// || ||
// Monomial::Evaluate || || Expression::Evaluate
// || ||
// \/ \/
// double (result2) == double (result1)
//
// In one direction (left-to-right), we convert a Monomial to an Expression
// and evaluate it to a double value (result1). In another direction
// (top-to-bottom), we directly evaluate a Monomial to double (result2). The
// two result1 and result2 should be the same.
//
// Also confirms that expression always is declared to be pre-expanded.
void CheckEvaluate(const Monomial& m, const Environment& env) {
SCOPED_TRACE(fmt::format("m = {}; env = {}", m, env));
const Expression e{m.ToExpression()};
EXPECT_TRUE(e.is_expanded());
const double result1{e.Evaluate(env)};
const double result2{m.Evaluate(env)};
EXPECT_EQ(result1, result2);
}
// Checks if Monomial::EvaluatePartial corresponds to Expression's
// EvaluatePartial.
//
// ToExpression
// Monomial ------------> Expression
// || ||
// EvaluatePartial || || EvaluatePartial
// || ||
// \/ \/
// double * Monomial (e2) == Expression (e1)
//
// In one direction (left-to-right), first we convert a Monomial to an
// Expression using Monomial::ToExpression and call
// Expression::EvaluatePartial to have an Expression (e1). In another
// direction (top-to-bottom), we call Monomial::EvaluatePartial which returns
// a pair of double (coefficient part) and Monomial. We obtain e2 by
// multiplying the two. Then, we check if e1 and e2 are structurally equal.
void CheckEvaluatePartial(const Monomial& m, const Environment& env) {
SCOPED_TRACE(fmt::format("m = {}; env = {}", m, env));
const Expression e1{m.ToExpression().EvaluatePartial(env)};
const auto [coeff, m2] = m.EvaluatePartial(env);
const Expression e2{coeff * m2.ToExpression()};
EXPECT_PRED2(ExprEqual, e1, e2);
}
};
// Tests that default constructor and EIGEN_INITIALIZE_MATRICES_BY_ZERO
// constructor both create the same value.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, DefaultConstructors) {
const Monomial m_default;
const Monomial m_zero(0);
EXPECT_EQ(m_default.total_degree(), 0);
EXPECT_EQ(m_zero.total_degree(), 0);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ConstructFromVariable) {
const Monomial m1{var_x_};
const std::map<Variable, int> powers{m1.get_powers()};
// Checks that powers = {x ↦ 1}.
ASSERT_EQ(powers.size(), 1u);
EXPECT_EQ(powers.begin()->first, var_x_);
EXPECT_EQ(powers.begin()->second, 1);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ConstructFromVariablesAndExponents) {
// [] * [] => 1.
const VectorX<Variable> vars(0);
const VectorX<int> exponents(0);
const Monomial one{Monomial{Expression::One()}};
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(vars, exponents), one);
const Vector3<Variable> vars_xyz{var_x_, var_y_, var_z_};
// [x, y, z] * [0, 0, 0] => 1.
const Monomial m1{vars_xyz, Eigen::Vector3i{0, 0, 0}};
EXPECT_EQ(m1, one);
// [x, y, z] * [1, 1, 1] => xyz.
const Monomial m2{vars_xyz, Eigen::Vector3i{1, 1, 1}};
const Monomial m2_expected{x_ * y_ * z_};
EXPECT_EQ(m2, m2_expected);
// [x, y, z] * [2, 0, 3] => x²z³.
const Monomial m3{vars_xyz, Eigen::Vector3i{2, 0, 3}};
const Monomial m3_expected{pow(x_, 2) * pow(z_, 3)};
EXPECT_EQ(m3, m3_expected);
// [x, y, z] * [2, 0, -1] => Exception!
DRAKE_EXPECT_THROWS_MESSAGE(Monomial(vars_xyz, Eigen::Vector3i(2, 0, -1)),
"The exponent is negative.");
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, GetVariables) {
const Monomial m0{};
EXPECT_EQ(m0.GetVariables(), Variables{});
const Monomial m1{var_z_, 4};
EXPECT_EQ(m1.GetVariables(), Variables({var_z_}));
const Monomial m2{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}};
EXPECT_EQ(m2.GetVariables(), Variables({var_x_, var_y_}));
const Monomial m3{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 3}}};
EXPECT_EQ(m3.GetVariables(), Variables({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_}));
}
// Checks we can have an Eigen matrix of Monomials without compilation
// errors. No assertions in the test.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, EigenMatrixOfMonomials) {
Eigen::Matrix<Monomial, 2, 2> M;
// M = | 1 x |
// | y² x²z³ |
// clang-format off
M << Monomial{}, Monomial{var_x_},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 2}}}, Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_z_, 3}}};
// clang-format on
// The following fails if we do not provide
// `Eigen::NumTraits<drake::symbolic::Monomial>`.
ostringstream oss;
oss << M;
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialOne) {
// Compares monomials all equal to 1, but with different variables.
Monomial m1{};
Monomial m2({{var_x_, 0}});
Monomial m3({{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 0}});
EXPECT_EQ(m1, m2);
EXPECT_EQ(m1, m3);
EXPECT_EQ(m2, m3);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialWithZeroExponent) {
// Compares monomials containing zero exponent, such as x^0 * y^2
Monomial m1({{var_y_, 2}});
Monomial m2({{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 2}});
EXPECT_EQ(m1, m2);
EXPECT_EQ(m2.get_powers().size(), 1);
std::map<Variable, int> power_expected;
power_expected.emplace(var_y_, 2);
EXPECT_EQ(m2.get_powers(), power_expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialBasisX0) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{MonomialBasis({var_x_}, 0)};
const auto basis2 = MonomialBasis<1, 0>({var_x_});
EXPECT_EQ(decltype(basis2)::RowsAtCompileTime, 1);
drake::Vector1<Monomial> expected;
// MonomialBasis({x}, 0) = {x⁰} = {1}.
expected << Monomial{};
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialBasisX2) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{MonomialBasis({var_x_}, 2)};
const auto basis2 = MonomialBasis<1, 2>({var_x_});
EXPECT_EQ(decltype(basis2)::RowsAtCompileTime, 3);
drake::Vector3<Monomial> expected;
// MonomialBasis({x}, 2) = {x², x, 1}.
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{var_x_, 2},
Monomial{var_x_},
Monomial{};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialBasisXY0) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{MonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 0)};
const auto basis2 = MonomialBasis<2, 0>({var_x_, var_y_});
EXPECT_EQ(decltype(basis2)::RowsAtCompileTime, 1);
drake::Vector1<Monomial> expected;
// MonomialBasis({x, y}, 0) = {1}.
expected << Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 0}}}; // = {1}.
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialBasisXY1) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{MonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 1)};
const auto basis2 = MonomialBasis<2, 1>({var_x_, var_y_});
EXPECT_EQ(decltype(basis2)::RowsAtCompileTime, 3);
drake::Vector3<Monomial> expected;
// MonomialBasis({x, y}, 1) = {x, y, 1}.
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{var_x_},
Monomial{var_y_},
Monomial{};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialBasisXY2) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{MonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 2)};
const auto basis2 = MonomialBasis<2, 2>({var_x_, var_y_});
EXPECT_EQ(decltype(basis2)::RowsAtCompileTime, 6);
drake::Vector6<Monomial> expected;
// MonomialBasis({x, y}, 2) = {x², xy, y², x, y, 1}.
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{var_x_, 2},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{var_y_, 2},
Monomial{var_x_},
Monomial{var_y_},
Monomial{};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialBasisXY3) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{MonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 3)};
const auto basis2 = MonomialBasis<2, 3>({var_x_, var_y_});
EXPECT_EQ(decltype(basis2)::RowsAtCompileTime, 10);
Eigen::Matrix<Monomial, 10, 1> expected;
// MonomialBasis({x, y}, 3) = {x³, x²y, xy², y³, x², xy, y², x, y, 1}.
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{var_x_, 3},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}},
Monomial{var_y_, 3},
Monomial{var_x_, 2},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{var_y_, 2},
Monomial{var_x_},
Monomial{var_y_},
Monomial{};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialBasisXYZ2) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{
MonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_}, 2)};
const auto basis2 = MonomialBasis<3, 2>({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_});
EXPECT_EQ(decltype(basis2)::RowsAtCompileTime, 10);
Eigen::Matrix<Monomial, 10, 1> expected;
// MonomialBasis({x, y, z}, 2)
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{var_x_, 2},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{var_y_, 2},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{var_z_, 2},
Monomial{var_x_},
Monomial{var_y_},
Monomial{var_z_},
Monomial{};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialBasisXYZ3) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{
MonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_}, 3)};
const auto basis2 = MonomialBasis<3, 3>({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_});
EXPECT_EQ(decltype(basis2)::RowsAtCompileTime, 20);
Eigen::Matrix<Monomial, 20, 1> expected;
// MonomialBasis({x, y, z}, 3)
// = {x³, x²y, xy², y³, x²z, xyz, y²z, xz², yz²,
// z³, x², xy, y², xz, yz, z², x, y, z, 1}
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{var_x_, 3},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}},
Monomial{var_y_, 3},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{var_z_, 3},
Monomial{var_x_, 2},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{var_y_, 2},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{var_z_, 2},
Monomial{var_x_},
Monomial{var_y_},
Monomial{var_z_},
Monomial{};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, MonomialBasisXYZW3) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{
MonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_, var_w_}, 3)};
const auto basis2 = MonomialBasis<4, 3>({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_, var_w_});
EXPECT_EQ(decltype(basis2)::RowsAtCompileTime, 35);
Eigen::Matrix<Monomial, 35, 1> expected;
// MonomialBasis({x, y, z, w}, 3)
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{var_x_, 3},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}},
Monomial{var_y_, 3},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{var_z_, 3},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_w_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 1}, {var_x_, 1}, {var_w_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 2}, {var_w_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_z_, 1}, {var_x_, 1}, {var_w_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_z_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_w_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_z_, 2}, {var_w_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_w_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 1}, {var_w_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_z_, 1}, {var_w_, 2}}},
Monomial{var_w_, 3},
Monomial{var_x_, 2},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{var_y_, 2},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{var_z_, 2},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_w_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_y_, 1}, {var_w_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_z_, 1}, {var_w_, 1}}},
Monomial{var_w_, 2},
Monomial{var_x_},
Monomial{var_y_},
Monomial{var_z_},
Monomial{var_w_},
Monomial{};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, EvenDegreeMonomialBasisX2) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_}, 2)};
drake::Vector2<Monomial> expected;
// EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({x}, 2) = {x², 1}.
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{var_x_, 2},
Monomial{};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, EvenDegreeMonomialBasisXY01) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{
EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 0)};
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis2{
EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 1)};
drake::Vector1<Monomial> expected;
// EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({x, y}, 0) = {1}.
expected << Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 0}}}; // = {1}.
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, EvenDegreeMonomialBasisXY23) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{
EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 2)};
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis2{
EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 3)};
drake::Vector4<Monomial> expected;
// EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({x, y}, 2) = {x², xy, y², 1}.
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 0}}};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, EvenDegreeMonomialBasisXYZ45) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{
EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_}, 4)};
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis2{
EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_}, 5)};
Eigen::Matrix<Monomial, 22, 1> expected;
// EvenDegreeMonomialBasis({x, y, z}, 4) = {x⁴, x³y, x²y², xy³, y⁴, x³z, x²yz,
// xy²z, y³z, x²z², xyz², y²z², xz³, yz³, z⁴, x², xy, y², xz, yz, z², 1}
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{{{var_x_, 4}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 3}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 3}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 4}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 3}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 3}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 3}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 3}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 4}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 0}}};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, OddDegreeMonomialBasisX3) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{OddDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_}, 3)};
drake::Vector2<Monomial> expected;
// OddDegreeMonomialBasis({x}, 3) = {x³, 1}.
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{var_x_, 3},
Monomial{var_x_, 1};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, OddDegreeMonomialBasisXY12) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{
OddDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 1)};
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis2{
OddDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 2)};
drake::Vector2<Monomial> expected;
// OddDegreeMonomialBasis({x, y}, 1) = {x, y}.
expected << Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 1}}};
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, OddDegreeMonomialBasisXY34) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{
OddDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 3)};
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis2{
OddDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_}, 4)};
drake::Vector6<Monomial> expected;
// OddDegreeMonomialBasis({x, y}, 3) = {x³, x²y, xy², y³, x, y}
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{{{var_x_, 3}, {var_y_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 3}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 1}}};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, OddDegreeMonomialBasisXYZ34) {
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis1{
OddDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_}, 3)};
const drake::VectorX<Monomial> basis2{
OddDegreeMonomialBasis({var_x_, var_y_, var_z_}, 4)};
Eigen::Matrix<Monomial, 13, 1> expected;
// OddDegreeMonomialBasis({x, y, z}, 3) = {x³, x²y, xy², y³, x²z, xyz, y²z,
// xz², yz², z³, x, y, z}
// clang-format off
expected << Monomial{{{var_x_, 3}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 3}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 1}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 2}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 3}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 1}, {var_z_, 0}}},
Monomial{{{var_x_, 0}, {var_y_, 0}, {var_z_, 1}}};
// clang-format on
EXPECT_EQ(basis1, expected);
EXPECT_EQ(basis2, expected);
}
// This test shows that we can have a std::unordered_map whose key is of
// Monomial.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, UnorderedMapOfMonomial) {
unordered_map<Monomial, double> monomial_to_coeff_map;
Monomial x_3{var_x_, 3};
Monomial y_5{var_y_, 5};
// Add 2 * x^3
monomial_to_coeff_map.emplace(x_3, 2);
// Add -7 * y^5
monomial_to_coeff_map.emplace(y_5, -7);
const auto it1 = monomial_to_coeff_map.find(x_3);
ASSERT_TRUE(it1 != monomial_to_coeff_map.end());
EXPECT_EQ(it1->second, 2);
const auto it2 = monomial_to_coeff_map.find(y_5);
ASSERT_TRUE(it2 != monomial_to_coeff_map.end());
EXPECT_EQ(it2->second, -7);
}
// Converts a constant to monomial.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomial0) {
Monomial expected;
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(1), expected);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(pow(x_, 0)), expected);
EXPECT_THROW(Monomial(2), std::exception);
}
// Converts expression x to monomial.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomial1) {
Monomial expected(var_x_, 1);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(x_), expected);
}
// Converts expression x * y to monomial.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomial2) {
std::map<Variable, int> powers;
powers.emplace(var_x_, 1);
powers.emplace(var_y_, 1);
Monomial expected(powers);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(x_ * y_), expected);
}
// Converts expression x^3 to monomial.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomial3) {
Monomial expected(var_x_, 3);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(pow(x_, 3)), expected);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(pow(x_, 2) * x_), expected);
}
// Converts expression x^3 * y to monomial.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomial4) {
std::map<Variable, int> powers;
powers.emplace(var_x_, 3);
powers.emplace(var_y_, 1);
Monomial expected(powers);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(pow(x_, 3) * y_), expected);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(pow(x_, 2) * y_ * x_), expected);
}
// Converts expression x*(y+z) - x*y to monomial
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomial5) {
std::map<Variable, int> powers({{var_x_, 1}, {var_z_, 1}});
Monomial expected(powers);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(x_ * z_), expected);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(x_ * (y_ + z_) - x_ * y_), expected);
}
// `pow(x * y, 2) * pow(x^2 * y^2, 3)` is a monomial (x^8 * y^8).
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomial6) {
const Monomial m1{pow(x_ * y_, 2) * pow(x_ * x_ * y_ * y_, 3)};
const Monomial m2{{{var_x_, 8}, {var_y_, 8}}};
EXPECT_EQ(m1, m2);
}
// x^0 is a monomial (1).
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomial7) {
const Monomial m1(var_x_, 0);
const Monomial m2{Expression{1.0}};
const Monomial m3{pow(x_, 0.0)};
EXPECT_EQ(m1, m2);
EXPECT_EQ(m1, m3);
EXPECT_EQ(m2, m3);
}
// `2 * x` is not a monomial because of its coefficient `2`.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomialException1) {
EXPECT_THROW(Monomial{2 * x_}, runtime_error);
}
// `x + y` is not a monomial.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomialException2) {
EXPECT_THROW(Monomial{x_ + y_}, runtime_error);
}
// `x / 2.0` is not a monomial.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomialException3) {
EXPECT_THROW(Monomial{x_ / 2.0}, runtime_error);
}
// `x ^ -1` is not a monomial.
TEST_F(MonomialTest, ToMonomialException4) {
// Note: Parentheses are required around macro argument containing braced
// initializer list.
DRAKE_EXPECT_THROWS_MESSAGE((Monomial{{{var_x_, -1}}}),
"The exponent is negative.");
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, Multiplication) {
// m₁ = xy²
const Monomial m1{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}};
// m₂ = y²z⁵
const Monomial m2{{{var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 5}}};
// m₃ = m₁ * m₂ = xy⁴z⁵
const Monomial m3{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 4}, {var_z_, 5}}};
EXPECT_EQ(m1 * m2, m3);
Monomial m{m1}; // m = m₁
m *= m2; // m = m₁ * m₂
EXPECT_EQ(m, m1 * m2);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, Pow) {
// m₁ = xy²
const Monomial m1{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}};
// m₂ = y²z⁵
const Monomial m2{{{var_y_, 2}, {var_z_, 5}}};
// pow(m₁, 0) = 1.0
EXPECT_EQ(pow(m1, 0), Monomial{});
// pow(m₂, 0) = 1.0
EXPECT_EQ(pow(m2, 0), Monomial{});
// pow(m₁, 1) = m₁
EXPECT_EQ(pow(m1, 1), m1);
// pow(m₂, 1) = m₂
EXPECT_EQ(pow(m2, 1), m2);
// pow(m₁, 3) = x³y⁶
const Monomial m1_cube = pow(m1, 3);
EXPECT_EQ(m1_cube, Monomial{pow(x_, 3) * pow(y_, 6)});
EXPECT_EQ(m1_cube.total_degree(), 9);
// pow(m₂, 4) = y⁸z²⁰
const Monomial m2_4th_power = pow(m2, 4);
EXPECT_EQ(m2_4th_power, Monomial{pow(y_, 8) * pow(z_, 20)});
EXPECT_EQ(m2_4th_power.total_degree(), 28);
// pow(m₁, -1) throws an exception.
EXPECT_THROW(pow(m1, -1), runtime_error);
// pow(m₂, -5) throws an exception.
EXPECT_THROW(pow(m2, -5), runtime_error);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, PowInPlace) {
// m₁ = xy²
Monomial m1{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}};
const Monomial m1_copy{m1};
EXPECT_EQ(m1, m1_copy);
// m₁.pow_in_place modifies m₁.
m1.pow_in_place(2);
EXPECT_NE(m1, m1_copy);
EXPECT_EQ(m1, Monomial({{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 4}}));
EXPECT_EQ(m1.total_degree(), 6);
// m₁ gets m₁⁰, which is 1.
m1.pow_in_place(0);
EXPECT_EQ(m1, Monomial());
EXPECT_EQ(m1.total_degree(), 0);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, Evaluate) {
const vector<Environment> environments{
{{var_x_, 1.0}, {var_y_, 2.0}, {var_z_, 3.0}}, // + + +
{{var_x_, -1.0}, {var_y_, 2.0}, {var_z_, 3.0}}, // - + +
{{var_x_, 1.0}, {var_y_, -2.0}, {var_z_, 3.0}}, // + - +
{{var_x_, 1.0}, {var_y_, 2.0}, {var_z_, -3.0}}, // + + -
{{var_x_, -1.0}, {var_y_, -2.0}, {var_z_, 3.0}}, // - - +
{{var_x_, 1.0}, {var_y_, -2.0}, {var_z_, -3.0}}, // + - -
{{var_x_, -1.0}, {var_y_, 2.0}, {var_z_, -3.0}}, // - + -
{{var_x_, -1.0}, {var_y_, -2.0}, {var_z_, -3.0}}, // - - -
};
for (const Monomial& m : monomials_) {
for (const Environment& env : environments) {
CheckEvaluate(m, env);
}
}
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, EvaluateException) {
const Monomial m{{{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}}; // xy^2
const Environment env{{{var_x_, 1.0}}};
EXPECT_THROW(m.Evaluate(env), runtime_error);
}
void CheckEvaluateBatch(
const Monomial& dut,
const Eigen::Ref<const VectorX<symbolic::Variable>>& vars,
const Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::MatrixXd>& vars_val) {
const Eigen::VectorXd monomial_vals = dut.Evaluate(vars, vars_val);
EXPECT_EQ(monomial_vals.rows(), vars_val.cols());
for (int i = 0; i < vars_val.cols(); ++i) {
symbolic::Environment env;
env.insert(vars, vars_val.col(i));
EXPECT_EQ(monomial_vals(i), dut.Evaluate(env));
}
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, EvaluateBatch) {
// Test Evaluate for a batch of data.
const symbolic::Monomial monomial({{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 3}});
// vars1 contains exactly the same variables as in monomial.
Vector2<symbolic::Variable> vars1(var_y_, var_x_);
Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 3> vars1_val;
// clang-format off
vars1_val << 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7;
// clang-format on
CheckEvaluateBatch(monomial, vars1, vars1_val);
CheckEvaluateBatch(monomial, vars1, Eigen::Vector2d(2, 3));
// vars2 contains more variables than monomial.
Vector3<symbolic::Variable> vars2(var_y_, var_x_, var_z_);
Eigen::Matrix<double, 3, 4> vars2_val;
// clang-format off
vars2_val << 2, 3, 4, 5,
-6, -7, 8, 9,
-1, -3, 2, 4;
// clang-format on
CheckEvaluateBatch(monomial, vars2, vars2_val);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, EvaluateBatchException) {
// Test Evaluate for a batch of data with exception.
const symbolic::Monomial monomial({{var_x_, 2}, {var_y_, 3}});
DRAKE_EXPECT_THROWS_MESSAGE(
monomial.Evaluate(Vector3<symbolic::Variable>(var_x_, var_x_, var_y_),
Eigen::Vector3d(1, 2, 3)),
".* vars contains repeated variables.");
DRAKE_EXPECT_THROWS_MESSAGE(
monomial.Evaluate(Vector2<symbolic::Variable>(var_x_, var_z_),
Eigen::Vector2d(2, 3)),
".* y is not present in vars");
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, EvaluatePartial) {
const vector<Environment> environments{
{{var_x_, 2.0}},
{{var_y_, 3.0}},
{{var_z_, 4.0}},
{{var_x_, 2.0}, {var_y_, -2.0}},
{{var_y_, -4.0}, {var_z_, 2.5}},
{{var_x_, -2.3}, {var_z_, 2.6}},
{{var_x_, -1.0}, {var_y_, 2.0}, {var_z_, 3.0}},
};
for (const Monomial& m : monomials_) {
for (const Environment& env : environments) {
CheckEvaluatePartial(m, env);
}
}
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, DegreeVariable) {
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial().degree(var_x_), 0);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial().degree(var_y_), 0);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(var_x_).degree(var_x_), 1);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(var_x_).degree(var_y_), 0);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(var_x_, 4).degree(var_x_), 4);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(var_x_, 4).degree(var_y_), 0);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial({{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}).degree(var_x_), 1);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial({{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}).degree(var_y_), 2);
}
TEST_F(MonomialTest, TotalDegree) {
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial().total_degree(), 0);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(var_x_).total_degree(), 1);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(var_x_, 1).total_degree(), 1);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial(var_x_, 4).total_degree(), 4);
EXPECT_EQ(Monomial({{var_x_, 1}, {var_y_, 2}}).total_degree(), 3);
}
} // namespace
} // namespace symbolic
} // namespace drake