[Refactor] Synchronize OLAP external table metadata when loading data (backport #24739)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #24739 done by Mergify.
Cherry-pick of ef1fc6a has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/branch-3.0/pr-24739
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/branch-3.0'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit ef1fc6a40.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/catalog/Database.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/catalog/OlapTable.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/external/starrocks/TableMetaSyncer.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/sql/analyzer/AnalyzerUtils.java

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
	both modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/catalog/ExternalOlapTable.java
	deleted by them: fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/external/starrocks/StarRocksRepository.java
	both modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/qe/StmtExecutor.java
	both modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/server/GlobalStateMgr.java
	both modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/server/LocalMetastore.java
	both modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/sql/analyzer/InsertAnalyzer.java
	both modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/sql/analyzer/QueryAnalyzer.java

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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[mergify]

@mergify[bot]: Backport conflict, please reslove the conflict and resubmit the pr