Implement new static analysis tools and infrastructure for expression trees

[TimeToogo]

This provides the tools necessary to analyse a given expression tree.

This branch currently supports:

• Getting type and reflection information from almost all types of expressions.
• Emulating PHP's native type system for all operators as of PHP 5.6
• Extendable type system implementation with type data for date for date time classes, native interfaces (eg ArrayAccess), string / array / math internal functions and the ITraversable query API.

Unsupported:

• Dynamic language features such as variable function / method calls, variable class types...
• Proper handling of references for all use cases (this is almost impossible in a language such as PHP)
• Only a small subset of internal classes or functions type data is implemented.
• User defined classes type data. Possible through utilising docblocks via phpDocumentor/ReflectionDocBlock

[coveralls]

Coverage increased (+2.36%) when pulling 00d61e1 on feature/static-analysis into c0f3da2 on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage increased (+1.24%) when pulling e3fb96f on feature/static-analysis into c0f3da2 on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage increased (+1.24%) when pulling e3fb96f on feature/static-analysis into c0f3da2 on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage increased (+1.23%) when pulling 1243839 on feature/static-analysis into c0f3da2 on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage increased (+1.23%) when pulling cb2d9ff on feature/static-analysis into c0f3da2 on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage increased (+1.23%) when pulling 2e00592 on feature/static-analysis into 7104a7d on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage increased (+1.32%) when pulling a5b73b5 on feature/static-analysis into 7104a7d on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage increased (+1.33%) when pulling d81b795 on feature/static-analysis into 7104a7d on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage increased (+1.39%) when pulling 2574642 on feature/static-analysis into 7104a7d on master.