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SSM整合入门

参考视频：SSM

一. 前言

这个项目是记录我第一次整合SSM，是一个入门项目(或者说一个demo)，本文件详细记录SSM整合流程，实现了简单的访问数据库。

使用工具及环境如下：

  • SpringMVC，Spring，MyBatis
  • Mysql，log4j，Jsp，Junit，Servlet，c3p0，Tomcat
  • Idea(2019.3版)，WampServer

二. 步骤

1. 搭建环境

在数据库中写入Sql语句：

create database ssm;
use ssm;
create table account (
	id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20),
    money double
);

打开Idea，创建web项目，在pom.xml中导入以下坐标：

<properties>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
    <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
  </properties>

<dependencies>
    <!-- spring -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>${mysql.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- log start -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>${log4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- log end -->

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
    </dependency>


    <!--    链接Mybatis和Spring-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.1.2</version>
      <type>jar</type>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

接着配置Tomcat服务器，并且创立三层结构和相关实现类，建立账户实体类。

2. 编写Spring框架代码

在resource目录下建立applicationContext.xml文件用来当作Spring的配置文件(采用注解+xml的方式)，注意扫描包的时候要把表现层排除在外，因为表现层由SpringMVC负责：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.woody">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

</beans>

然后在业务层实现类使用@Service注解，在test包下测试Spring是否能够正常运行：

package com.woody.test;

import com.woody.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Spring测试类
 */
public class TestSpring {

    @Test
    public void run() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService accountService = applicationContext.getBean(AccountService.class);
        accountService.findAll();
    }
}

3. Spring整合SpringMVC

3.1 配置SpringMVC环境

在web.xml中配置初始的Servlet，使其加载springmvc.xml文件：

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!--  解决中文乱码过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!--  配置前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath*:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


</web-app>

在springmvc.xml中配置扫描表现层，视图解析器和开启mvc注解：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<!--    扫描表现层-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.woody">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

<!--    配置视图解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!--    不过滤静态资源-->
    <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />

<!--    开启MVC注解-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

</beans>

最后启动服务器，测试是否能够成功跳转即可。

3.2 Spring整合SpringMVC

在web.xml中加入配置监听器，加载applicationContext.xml文件：

<!--  配置监听器使其扫描springmvc文件的同时扫描applicationContext文件-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

然后在表现层中加入AccountService业务层对象，并加上@Autowired注解，在方法中调用业务层对象方法，启动Tomcat测试是否成功执行：

/**
 * 账户表现层
 */
@Controller("accountController")
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public String testFindAll() {
        accountService.findAll();

        return "success";
    }
}

4. Spring整合MyBatis

4.1 配置MyBatis环境

在resource目录下创建MyBatis总配置文件SqlMapConfig.xml：

**注意：**driver中为什么是com.mysql.jdbc.Driver而不是com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver？因为此次MyBatis版本落后。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>

    <!-- 配置环境 -->
    <environments default="mysql">
        <!-- 配置mysql环境 -->
        <environment id="mysql">
            <!-- 配置事务类型 -->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <!-- 配置数据源(连接池) -->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <!-- 配置连接数据的基本信息 -->
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?userUnicode=true&amp;charactorEncoding=utf-8&amp;useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=GMT"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value=""/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <!-- 指定带有注释的dao接口所在位置 -->
    <mappers>
        <package name="com.woody.dao"/>
    </mappers>
    
</configuration>

然后单独MyBatis是否能运行：

package com.woody.test;

import com.woody.dao.AccountDao;
import com.woody.domain.Account;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 测试MyBatis
 */
public class TestMyBatis {

    private InputStream inputStream;
    private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    private SqlSession sqlSession;
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    @Before
    public void init() throws IOException {
        inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
        sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        accountDao = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountDao.class);
    }

    @After
    public void destroy() throws IOException {
        sqlSession.commit();
        sqlSession.close();
        inputStream.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindAll() {
        List<Account> accounts = accountDao.findAll();
        for (Account account : accounts) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testSave() {
        Account account = new Account();
        account.setName("Zi");
        account.setMoney(1000.1);
        accountDao.saveAccount(account);
    }
}

4.2 Spring整合MyBatis

在applicationContext.xml中配置bean容器和声明式事务：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.woody">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

<!--    Spring整合MyBatis-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?userUnicode=true&amp;charactorEncoding=utf-8&amp;useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=GMT"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value=""/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="mapperScannerConfigurer" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.woody.dao"/>
    </bean>

<!--    Spring声明式事务-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="transactionInterceptor">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" read-only="false"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="transactionInterceptor" pointcut="execution(* com.woody.service.*.*(..))"/>
    </aop:config>

</beans>

然后继续测试：

package com.woody.test;

import com.woody.domain.Account;
import com.woody.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Spring测试类
 */
public class TestSpring {

    @Test
    public void testFindAll() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService accountService = applicationContext.getBean(AccountService.class);
        List<Account> accounts = accountService.findAll();
        for (Account account : accounts) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testSave() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService accountService = applicationContext.getBean(AccountService.class);
        Account account = new Account();
        account.setName("fda");
        account.setMoney(1000.1);
        accountService.saveAccount(account);
    }
}

5. SSM整合及效果

最后在Jsp和表现层中匹配操作即可：

package com.woody.controller;

import com.woody.domain.Account;
import com.woody.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 账户表现层
 */
@Controller("accountController")
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public String testFindAll(Model model) {
        List<Account> accounts = accountService.findAll();
        model.addAttribute("list",accounts);

        return "list";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/save")
    public String testSave(Account account) {
        accountService.saveAccount(account);
        return "success";
    }
}

遇到的BUG：

  • com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver和com.mysql.jdbc.Driver在不同版本的使用
  • 在Jsp中写EL表达式要写上isELIgnored="false"和<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
  • 注意SSM几个框架的版本配对问题

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