Add component props docs

[mikeybinns]

What?

Adds documentation around how to get component props the recommended way.

Why?

Fixes #60193
It better showcases the project's preferred method of retrieving component props.

How?

It adds this documentation

Testing Instructions

N/A

Testing Instructions for Keyboard

N/A

Screenshots or screencast

N/A

[github-actions]

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Co-authored-by: mikeybinns <mikeybinns@git.wordpress.org>
Co-authored-by: mirka <0mirka00@git.wordpress.org>
Co-authored-by: rafaucau <rafaucau@git.wordpress.org>

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[github-actions]

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[mirka]

Great, thank you! I just had some stylistic nits for consistency 👍