Build base image with NDK and stuff pre-pulled into layer, it will auto-accept the NDK license for you:
docker build --ssh default --target devel_shell -t buildozer4a:devel_shell .
Then you can get a (Oh-My-zsh) shell with your current working directory mounted:
docker run --rm -it -v `pwd`":/app" buildozer4a:devel_shell
If you add --privileged (or manually map correct USB devices) Android Debug Bridge might work...
Or you can make your own Dockerfile that uses FROM buildozer4a:devel_shell as myapp
The local caches made when building the minimal app (to get dependencies and stuff) might be speed up building your app too, copy them in the devel_shell with
rsync -aP /minimalapp/.buildozer ./