Dependencies: Add support for Python 3.12

[sphuber]

The file requirements/requirements-py-3.12.txt is added which provides
a complete environment for Python 3.12. The CI is updated to add Python
3.12 in all strategy matrices or replace Python 3.11 where only the
oldest and latest Python version are tested. Note that the Python
version for the pre-commit jobs are kept at 3.10 for now. The reason
is that in Python 3.12 f-strings are improved by allowing nested quotes.
For example:

f'some_dict['key']'

is now supported, whereas before Python 3.12 this would not work since
the nested quotes would not be parsed correctly and the internal quotes
had to be either escaped or changed for double quotes.

A number of dependencies had to be updated to make them compatible with
Python 3.12, usually because older version still relied on the
distutils and pkg_resources standard lib modules which have been
removed. The utils/dependency_management.py had to be updated similarly
to replace pkg_resources with packaging. The latter had to be
updated to packaging==23.0 in order to have the __eq__
implementation for the Requirement class which the script relies on.

The sphinxcontrib-details-directive dependency is removed. It was used
for the sphinx extension to add the ports of port namespaces in HTML's
<details> tags, allowing them to be collapsed. This could help with
readability in case of large namespaces. However, this package breaks on
Python 3.12 since it imports the deprecated pkg_resources package.
Since the package has not been maintained since 4 years, it is unlikely
this will be fixed it and so instead it is removed for now. See
https://github.com/sphinx-contrib/sphinxcontrib-details-directive

[danielhollas]

Wow, that was much faster than Python 3.11, cool!

[sphuber]

Wow, that was much faster than Python 3.11, cool!

Well, we are not quite there yet 😉 the tests are actually hanging on Python 3.12 and we need the myst-nb package to make a release. But I am getting close.