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| <!DOCTYPE html> | ||
| <html lang="en"> | ||
| <head> | ||
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/style.css"> | ||
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/pygments.css"> | ||
| <title>Добавляем ошибки в форму минуя метод clean — aliev</title> | ||
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| <a href="https://aliev.me.uk" target="_blank">Medium</a> | ||
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| <h2>Добавляем ошибки в форму минуя метод clean</h2> | ||
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| <p class="meta"> | ||
| written by | ||
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| <a href="https://twitter.com/ali_aliev">Ali Aliev</a> | ||
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| on 2015-06-19 | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p>Иногда бывает удобно добавлять ошибки полей формы минуя метод clean. Для этого в Django > 1.7 был добавлен новый метод add_error в экземпляр формы. Использовать этот метод легко, достаточно указать в качестве его параметра id поля и сообщение об ошибке, после чего вернуть form_invalid. Пример использования в FormView:</p> | ||
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TestFormView</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FormView</span><span class="p">):</span> | ||
| <span class="n">form_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TestForm</span> | ||
| <span class="n">template_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'test/form.html'</span> | ||
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| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">form_valid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">form</span><span class="p">):</span> | ||
| <span class="n">less_than_one</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">form</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cleaned_data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'less_than_one'</span><span class="p">)</span> | ||
| <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">less_than_one</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span> | ||
| <span class="n">form</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'less_than_one'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ValidationError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Can not be greater than one'</span><span class="p">))</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TestFormView</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">form_invalid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">form</span><span class="p">)</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TestFormView</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">form_valid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">form</span><span class="p">)</span> | ||
| </pre></div> | ||
| <p>Если по каким то причинам вы не в состоянии обновиться до Django > 1.7, есть вариант воспользоваться следующим приемом:</p> | ||
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">forms</span> | ||
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.forms.forms</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">NON_FIELD_ERRORS</span> | ||
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| <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">AddErrorMixin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span> | ||
| <span class="s">"Backport add_error() for django <1.7"</span> | ||
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">add_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">field</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">):</span> | ||
| <span class="n">field</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">field</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">NON_FIELD_ERRORS</span> | ||
| <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">field</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_errors</span><span class="p">:</span> | ||
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_errors</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">field</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">)</span> | ||
| <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span> | ||
| <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_errors</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">field</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error_class</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">])</span> | ||
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| <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ExampleForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">AddErrorMixin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span> | ||
| <span class="k">pass</span> | ||
| </pre></div> | ||
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| <link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/style.css"> | ||
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| <title>F выражение в Django ORM — aliev</title> | ||
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| <h2>F выражение в Django ORM</h2> | ||
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| <p class="meta"> | ||
| written by | ||
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| <a href="https://twitter.com/ali_aliev">Ali Aliev</a> | ||
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| on 2015-06-03 | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p>Выражение F() в Django ORM позволит вам использовать поля текущей модели в ваших запросах. | ||
| Например, вы хотите увеличить значение поля на единицу, на ум приходит следующий код:</p> | ||
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">article</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pk</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> | ||
| <span class="n">article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> | ||
| <span class="n">article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">()</span> | ||
| </pre></div> | ||
| <p>Но данный код можно реализовать более элегантным способом:</p> | ||
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">Article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pk</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'count'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> | ||
| </pre></div> | ||
| <p>Более практичный пример, сравнивать поля текущей модели.</p> | ||
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="n">Article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">number_of_likes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> | ||
| <span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Article</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Article</span> <span class="nb">object</span><span class="o">></span> | ||
| </pre></div> | ||
| <p>Попробуем сделать сравнение</p> | ||
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">F</span> | ||
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| <span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="n">Article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">number_of_likes__gte</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'count'</span><span class="p">))</span> | ||
| <span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Article</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Article</span> <span class="nb">object</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">]</span> | ||
| </pre></div> | ||
| <p>Посмотрим какой SQL запрос был сгенерирован</p> | ||
| <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">Article</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">number_of_likes__gte</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'count'</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span> | ||
| <span class="n">SELECT</span> <span class="s">"example_article"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s">"id"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"example_article"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s">"content"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"example_article"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s">"count"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"example_article"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s">"number_of_likes"</span> <span class="n">FROM</span> <span class="s">"example_article"</span> <span class="n">WHERE</span> <span class="s">"example_article"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s">"number_of_likes"</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"example_article"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s">"count"</span><span class="p">)</span> | ||
| </pre></div> | ||
| <p>Если вам интересно узнать как работают F выражения изнутри советую прочитать старенькую статью <a href="http://softwaremaniacs.org/blog/2008/11/21/expressions-in-django-queries/">Ивана Сагалаева.</a></p> | ||
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| <h2><a href="./upravlenie-tranzakciyami-v-django/">Управление транзакциями в Django</a></h2> | ||
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| <a href="https://twitter.com/ali_aliev">Ali Aliev</a> | ||
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| on 2016-05-19 | ||
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| <div class="blog-post"> | ||
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| <h2><a href="./neskolko-poleznyh-praktik-ispolzovaniya-zaprosov-v-django-orm/">Несколько полезных практик использования запросов в Django ORM</a></h2> | ||
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| <p class="meta"> | ||
| written by | ||
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| <a href="https://twitter.com/ali_aliev">Ali Aliev</a> | ||
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| on 2015-06-21 | ||
| </p> | ||
| </div> | ||
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| <div class="blog-post"> | ||
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| <h2><a href="./dobavlyaem-oshibki-v-formu-minuya-metod-clean/">Добавляем ошибки в форму минуя метод clean</a></h2> | ||
|
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| <p class="meta"> | ||
| written by | ||
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| <a href="https://twitter.com/ali_aliev">Ali Aliev</a> | ||
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| on 2015-06-19 | ||
| </p> | ||
| </div> | ||
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| <div class="blog-post"> | ||
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| <h2><a href="./prosto-o-django-content-types-framework/">Просто о Django Content Types Framework</a></h2> | ||
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| <p class="meta"> | ||
| written by | ||
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| <a href="https://twitter.com/ali_aliev">Ali Aliev</a> | ||
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| on 2015-06-04 | ||
| </p> | ||
| </div> | ||
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| <div class="blog-post"> | ||
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| <h2><a href="./f-vyrazhenie-v-django-orm/">F выражение в Django ORM</a></h2> | ||
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| <p class="meta"> | ||
| written by | ||
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| <a href="https://twitter.com/ali_aliev">Ali Aliev</a> | ||
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| on 2015-06-03 | ||
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