Add in extra columns to TaskInstance.refresh_from_db

[leonsmith]

Incorrect values where showing in the TaskInstance detail view because these columns where missing from the refresh_from_db method

[ashb]

Nice test too

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The PR most likely needs to run full matrix of tests because it modifies parts of the core of Airflow. However, committers might decide to merge it quickly and take the risk. If they don't merge it quickly - please rebase it to the latest master at your convenience, or amend the last commit of the PR, and push it with --force-with-lease.

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[kaxil]

Tests are failing @leonsmith

https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/15922/checks?check_run_id=2663074502#step:6:11941

          for column in columns:
  >           assert getattr(ti, column.name) != 'NOT_REFRESHED'
  E           AssertionError: assert 'NOT_REFRESHED' != 'NOT_REFRESHED'
  E            +  where 'NOT_REFRESHED' = getattr(<TaskInstance: test_refresh_from_db.op 2021-05-25 08:19:00.840850+00:00 [None]>, 'start_date')
  E            +    where 'start_date' = Column('start_date', UtcDateTime(timezone=True), table=<task_instance>).name
  

[ashb]

I think #17179 does the same thing in a slightly different way.