Fix redacting secrets in context exceptions.

[potiuk]

Secret masking did not work in implicit and
explicit context exceptions (see
https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3134/)
When there was a try/except/raise sequence,
or raise ... from exception - the original
exceptions were not redacted.

Related: #17604

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[potiuk]

@kaxil @jhtimmins - we might want to include that in 2.1.3

[github-actions]

The PR most likely needs to run full matrix of tests because it modifies parts of the core of Airflow. However, committers might decide to merge it quickly and take the risk. If they don't merge it quickly - please rebase it to the latest main at your convenience, or amend the last commit of the PR, and push it with --force-with-lease.

[ashb]

try:
     try:
         raise Exception("user:pass")
     except Exception as e:
         # This is how you get an exception with a __cause__
         raise Exception("two") from e
 
except Exception as e:
     err = e

[potiuk]

Added __cause__ handling. Good call @ashb!

[potiuk]

Interesting thing... Actually that would work even before latest change, because in this case, the "cause" is also in "context":

try:
     try:
         raise Exception("user:pass")
     except Exception as e:
         # This is how you get an exception with a __cause__
         raise Exception("two") from e
 
except Exception as e:
     err = e

But this wuldn't work:

exception = None
try:
     try:
         raise Exception("user:pass")
     except Exception as e:
         # This is how you get an exception with a __cause__
         exception =  e
try:
    raise Exception("x") from exception
except Exception as e:
     err = e

[ashb]

Ahh cause and context are the same object in some cases:

In [12]: err.__context__ is err.__cause__
Out[12]: True

[potiuk]

I cherry-picked that one to v2-1 @jhtimmins @kaxil