Avoid copy/allocation when read view types from parquet

[XiangpengHao]

Which issue does this PR close?

Part of #5530.

An alternative implementation (maybe subset) of #5557

Rationale for this change

This change is very simple -- only 8 lines, but gives us many performance improvements (10-80x):

arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/plain encoded, mandatory, no NULLs
                        time:   [274.71 µs 275.03 µs 275.35 µs]
                        change: [-98.842% -98.837% -98.829%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 5 outliers among 100 measurements (5.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  2 (2.00%) high severe
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/plain encoded, optional, no NULLs
                        time:   [275.04 µs 275.41 µs 275.75 µs]
                        change: [-98.848% -98.843% -98.839%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 27 outliers among 100 measurements (27.00%)
  12 (12.00%) low severe
  6 (6.00%) low mild
  6 (6.00%) high mild
  3 (3.00%) high severe
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/plain encoded, optional, half NULLs
                        time:   [319.11 µs 319.48 µs 319.98 µs]
                        change: [-94.940% -94.934% -94.926%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 9 outliers among 100 measurements (9.00%)
  8 (8.00%) high mild
  1 (1.00%) high severe
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/dictionary encoded, mandatory, no NULLs
                        time:   [259.89 µs 260.22 µs 260.65 µs]
                        change: [-97.848% -97.846% -97.842%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 8 outliers among 100 measurements (8.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  5 (5.00%) high severe
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/dictionary encoded, optional, no NULLs
                        time:   [267.99 µs 268.26 µs 268.56 µs]
                        change: [-97.762% -97.760% -97.757%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 6 outliers among 100 measurements (6.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  3 (3.00%) high severe
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/dictionary encoded, optional, half NULLs
                        time:   [301.73 µs 302.40 µs 303.20 µs]
                        change: [-90.950% -90.895% -90.852%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 5 outliers among 100 measurements (5.00%)
  4 (4.00%) high mild
  1 (1.00%) high severe

To reproduce:

cd parquet
cargo bench --bench arrow_reader --features="arrow test_common experimental" "arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray"

What changes are included in this PR?

Are there any user-facing changes?

[ariesdevil]

FYI: We discussed in #5557, using an independent view_buffer to replace offset_buffer, see #5557 (comment) for details.

[XiangpengHao]

FYI: We discussed in #5557, using an independent view_buffer to replace offset_buffer, see #5557 (comment) for details.

The try_append_view was not implemented when the discussion was made. Now that we have the API to directly construct a view without calling append_value -- thus avoiding allocating memory, I think it is simpler with this approach.

[ariesdevil]

0 -> append_block's return offset

[alamb]

Thank you @XiangpengHao and @ariesdevil

[alamb]

Looks great to me -- thank you @XiangpengHao

I ran the benchmarks and it looks 💯

++ critcmp master parquet-view
group                                                                          master                                 parquet-view
-----                                                                          ------                                 ------------
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/dictionary encoded, mandatory, no NULLs     38.83    21.2±0.04ms        ? ?/sec    1.00    546.7±1.85µs        ? ?/sec
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/dictionary encoded, optional, half NULLs    7.61      5.6±0.01ms        ? ?/sec    1.00    736.2±1.89µs        ? ?/sec
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/dictionary encoded, optional, no NULLs      38.75    21.2±0.04ms        ? ?/sec    1.00    548.1±1.03µs        ? ?/sec
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/plain encoded, mandatory, no NULLs          69.37    42.3±0.06ms        ? ?/sec    1.00    609.7±1.34µs        ? ?/sec
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/plain encoded, optional, half NULLs         14.44    11.2±0.03ms        ? ?/sec    1.00    774.7±1.57µs        ? ?/sec
arrow_array_reader/StringViewArray/plain encoded, optional, no NULLs           69.40    42.4±0.06ms        ? ?/sec    1.00    610.4±1.59µs        ? ?/sec

I wonder if we can also use try_append_unchecked and make it even faster?

[alamb]

I wonder if we can also use try_append_unchecked and make it even faster?

I am merging this in to keep things moving -- maybe we can consider using try_append_unchecked as a follow on PR

cc @ariesdevil