GH-36052: [Go][Parquet] Cross build failures for 386 (#36066)

### Rationale for this change
It looks like #35133 only addressed 32-bit build failures in the Arrow library but didn't address the Parquet library failing to build on 32-bit systems. So this fixes building the Go Parquet library for GOARCH=386

### What changes are included in this PR?
Simplify and clean up build tags and specialized asm in Go Parquet library so that we don't need to keep adding new files explicitly for architectures that we didn't generate optimized assembly for. So we set up the appropriate defaults so that those architectures will default to the pure go implementation properly.

Also fixes the usage of `math.Uint32` so that it isn't seen as an untyped int constant which would overflow on 32-bit architectures.

### Are these changes tested?
Yes, added a small workflow that builds the Go arrow and parquet libraries with `GOARCH=386`.

* Closes: #36052

Authored-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ jobs:
             go: 1.17
             staticcheck: v0.2.2
             runs-on: ["self-hosted", "arm", "linux"]
+          - arch-label: ARM64
+            arch: arm64v8
+            go: 1.18
+            staticcheck: v0.3.3
+            runs-on: ["self-hosted", "arm", "linux"]
     env:
       ARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
       GO: ${{ matrix.go }}
@@ -122,6 +127,27 @@ jobs:
           python3 -m pip install benchadapt@git+https://github.com/conbench/conbench.git@main#subdirectory=benchadapt/python
           python3 ci/scripts/go_bench_adapt.py
 
+  build386:
+    name: Go Cross-build for 386
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'WIP') }}
+    timeout-minutes: 20    
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout Arrow
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0          
+      - name: Install Go        
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+        with:
+          go-version: 1.18
+          cache: true
+          cache-dependency-path: go/go.sum
+      - name: Run build
+        run: |
+          cd go
+          GOARCH=386 go build ./...
+
   docker_cgo:
     name: AMD64 Debian 11 Go ${{ matrix.go }} - CGO
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_amd64.go

@@ -14,18 +14,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+//go:build !noasm
 // +build !noasm
 
 package utils
 
 import (
-	"io"
-
 	"golang.org/x/sys/cpu"
 )
 
-var unpack32 func(io.Reader, []uint32, int) int
-
 func init() {
 	if cpu.X86.HasAVX2 {
 		unpack32 = unpack32Avx2

go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_arm64.go

@@ -14,24 +14,23 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+//go:build !noasm
 // +build !noasm
 
 package utils
 
 import (
-	"io"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
-)
-import "golang.org/x/sys/cpu"
 
-var unpack32 func(io.Reader, []uint32, int) int = unpack32Default
+	"golang.org/x/sys/cpu"
+)
 
 func init() {
-        cpu.ARM64.HasASIMD = false
-        cpu.ARM64.HasAES = false
-        cpu.ARM64.HasPMULL = false
-        // Added ability to enable extension via environment:
+	cpu.ARM64.HasASIMD = false
+	cpu.ARM64.HasAES = false
+	cpu.ARM64.HasPMULL = false
+	// Added ability to enable extension via environment:
 	if ext, ok := os.LookupEnv("ARM_ENABLE_EXT"); ok {
 		exts := strings.Split(ext, ",")
 
@@ -53,4 +52,3 @@ func init() {
 		unpack32 = unpack32Default
 	}
 }
-

go/parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_default.go

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 )
 
+var unpack32 func(io.Reader, []uint32, int) int = unpack32Default
+
 type unpackFunc func(in io.Reader, out []uint32)
 
 func unpack1_32(in io.Reader, out []uint32) {

go/parquet/internal/utils/unpack_bool_s390x.go → go/parquet/internal/utils/unpack_bool_default.go

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-// +build !noasm
+//go:build !noasm && !amd64 && !arm64
+// +build !noasm,!amd64,!arm64
 
 package utils
 

go/parquet/metadata/statistics.go

@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ func (BooleanStatistics) defaultMin() bool { return true }
 func (BooleanStatistics) defaultMax() bool { return false }
 func (s *Int32Statistics) defaultMin() int32 {
 	if s.order == schema.SortUNSIGNED {
-		val := math.MaxUint32
+		val := uint32(math.MaxUint32)
 		return int32(val)
 	}
 	return math.MaxInt32