Add a "mapping" struct for types

[jdye64]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.
There are multiple codebases used in the arrow-datafusion-python project. You have

• Arrow DataTypes
• Python types
• SQL Types

and they all need a way to "map" to one another. By "map" I mean if I am working in Python and have a given type, say str, I would like to know what type that correlates to in both Arrow DataTypes and SQL. Likewise I might have a SQL query that returns a VARCHAR and like to know which type I should use in Python.

Describe the solution you'd like
A Rust struct that can house the mappings of types and provide simple static methods for acquiring those type mappings.

Describe alternatives you've considered
None

Additional context
None