[SPARK-32365][SQL] Add a boundary condition for negative index in reg…

…exp_extract

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
The current implement of regexp_extract will throws a unprocessed exception show below:
SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', 'd+' -1)

```
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: No group -1
java.util.regex.Matcher.group(Matcher.java:538)
org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.RegExpExtract.nullSafeEval(regexpExpressions.scala:455)
org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.TernaryExpression.eval(Expression.scala:704)
org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.optimizer.ConstantFolding$$anonfun$apply$1$$anonfun$applyOrElse$1.applyOrElse(expressions.scala:52)
org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.optimizer.ConstantFolding$$anonfun$apply$1$$anonfun$applyOrElse$1.applyOrElse(expressions.scala:45)
```

### Why are the changes needed?
Fix a bug `java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: No group -1`

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Yes

### How was this patch tested?
new UT

Closes #29161 from beliefer/regexp_extract-group-not-allow-less-than-zero.

Authored-by: gengjiaan <gengjiaan@360.cn>
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon@apache.org>

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/regexpExpressions.scala

@@ -412,7 +412,9 @@ case class RegExpReplace(subject: Expression, regexp: Expression, rep: Expressio
 
 object RegExpExtract {
   def checkGroupIndex(groupCount: Int, groupIndex: Int): Unit = {
-    if (groupCount < groupIndex) {
+    if (groupIndex < 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("The specified group index cannot be less than zero")
+    } else if (groupCount < groupIndex) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException(
         s"Regex group count is $groupCount, but the specified group index is $groupIndex")
     }
@@ -426,6 +428,14 @@ object RegExpExtract {
  */
 @ExpressionDescription(
   usage = "_FUNC_(str, regexp[, idx]) - Extracts a group that matches `regexp`.",
+  arguments = """
+    Arguments:
+      * str - a string expression.
+      * regexp - a string representing a regular expression.
+          The regex string should be a Java regular expression.
+      * idx - an integer expression that representing the group index. The group index should be
+          non-negative. If `idx` is not specified, the default group index value is 1.
+  """,
   examples = """
     Examples:
       > SELECT _FUNC_('100-200', '(\\d+)-(\\d+)', 1);

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/RegexpExpressionsSuite.scala

@@ -303,13 +303,19 @@ class RegexpExpressionsSuite extends SparkFunSuite with ExpressionEvalHelper {
     val row8 = create_row("100-200", "(\\d+)-(\\d+)", 3)
     val row9 = create_row("100-200", "(\\d+).*", 2)
     val row10 = create_row("100-200", "\\d+", 1)
+    val row11 = create_row("100-200", "(\\d+)-(\\d+)", -1)
+    val row12 = create_row("100-200", "\\d+", -1)
 
     checkExceptionInExpression[IllegalArgumentException](
       expr, row8, "Regex group count is 2, but the specified group index is 3")
     checkExceptionInExpression[IllegalArgumentException](
       expr, row9, "Regex group count is 1, but the specified group index is 2")
     checkExceptionInExpression[IllegalArgumentException](
       expr, row10, "Regex group count is 0, but the specified group index is 1")
+    checkExceptionInExpression[IllegalArgumentException](
+      expr, row11, "The specified group index cannot be less than zero")
+    checkExceptionInExpression[IllegalArgumentException](
+      expr, row12, "The specified group index cannot be less than zero")
 
     // Test escaping of arguments
     GenerateUnsafeProjection.generate(

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/inputs/regexp-functions.sql

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '\\d+');
 SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '\\d+', 0);
 SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '\\d+', 1);
 SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '\\d+', 2);
+SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '\\d+', -1);
 SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '(\\d+)([a-z]+)');
 SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '(\\d+)([a-z]+)', 0);
 SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '(\\d+)([a-z]+)', 1);
 SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '(\\d+)([a-z]+)', 2);
+SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '(\\d+)([a-z]+)', -1);

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/regexp-functions.sql.out

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 -- Automatically generated by SQLQueryTestSuite
--- Number of queries: 8
+-- Number of queries: 10
 
 
 -- !query
@@ -37,6 +37,15 @@ java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
 Regex group count is 0, but the specified group index is 2
 
 
+-- !query
+SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '\\d+', -1)
+-- !query schema
+struct<>
+-- !query output
+java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
+The specified group index cannot be less than zero
+
+
 -- !query
 SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '(\\d+)([a-z]+)')
 -- !query schema
@@ -67,3 +76,12 @@ SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '(\\d+)([a-z]+)', 2)
 struct<regexp_extract(1a 2b 14m, (\d+)([a-z]+), 2):string>
 -- !query output
 a
+
+
+-- !query
+SELECT regexp_extract('1a 2b 14m', '(\\d+)([a-z]+)', -1)
+-- !query schema
+struct<>
+-- !query output
+java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
+The specified group index cannot be less than zero