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Brendan Jackman
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Remove 3 m's, one s, and one t?
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_posts/2019-08-17-self-referential-pangrams.md

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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ though perhaps I never actually LOL'd at "the quick brown fox jumps over the
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lazy dog", I think they're sort of funny (maybe they are a weak form of Tom 7's
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["improper hierarchy"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar9WRwCiSr0)).
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So this sentence in Douglas Hofstadter's later book *I am a Strange Loop* is
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So this, a sentence in Douglas Hofstadter's later book *I am a Strange Loop* is
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pretty captivating:
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> This pangram tallies five a's, one b, one c, two d's, twenty-eight e's, eight
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<script src="/assets/js/pangrams.js"></script>
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Wait a second - Hofstadter's pangram is wrong! It only contains twenty-one t's!
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See if you can fix it by clicking the little '+'s and '-s' (are they too small
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See if you can fix it by clicking the little '+'s and '-s' (are they too little
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for phone screens? Sorry. Web design is hard. Why aren't you reading this on a
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proper computer, anyway? Why are your fingers so fat? It's not my fault) to
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adjust the letter counts. I can't make it right. This may be funny but it is not
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In theory it will admit defeat eventually, but if my calculations are correct,
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its stupid metal brain will oxidise into dust before that happens.
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One way to think about the difficulty of generating pangrammatic autograms is to
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One way to think about the difficulty of generating pangram-autograms is to
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compare it to a slightly simpler problem: what if we don't care if the
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individual letter counts are correct, just that they add up to the right total?
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In that case, the only thing that matters about the phrase "one a" is that it
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ sum" problem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subset_sum_problem). This is an
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*NP-complete* problem, which is a fancy way of saying it's "pretty tricky", but
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it can be solved quite speedily for the values we're interested in here. Before
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writing this article, I thought I could just write some code to generate these
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pseudo-autograms, then test loads of them until it found a true autogram among
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pseudo-autograms, then test loads of them until I found a true autogram among
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them. But the number of pseudo-autograms is vaster than I thought (I made the
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rookie mistake of underestimating the factorial function!) and proper autograms
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are a very slim subset of pseudo-autograms. My little laptop would take far too
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- You are indeed a mongoose, but you are not speaking
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- You are indeed speaking, but you are not a mongoose
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Such simple examples may not make it clear, but a SAT-solver is quite a
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Such a simplistic example may not make it clear, but a SAT-solver is quite a
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spectacular thing, because it turns logical puzzles inside out. Chris Patuzzo
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figured out a way of feeding the claim "there is a pangrammatic autogram" into a
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figured out a way of feeding the claim "there is a pangram-autogram" into a
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SAT-solver, and the SAT-solver spat out situations where that claim is true
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i.e. pangrammatic sentences. I have of course been glossing over the details -
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SAT-solvers do not really understand English[^3], you feed them formal logical
@@ -126,18 +126,18 @@ use. Patuzzo's work was to express "there is a pangrammatic autogram" in such
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specific terms that the SAT-solver had no choice but to spit out everything we
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need to know to write out the actual sentence.
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I would love to harp on about this until I feel I've really explained it but I
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I would love to harp on about this until I feel I've really explained, but I
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think it would take too long. One more analogy: this technique means that
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instead of having to answer the question "how do I find pangrammatic
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autograms?", you just have to answer "given a sentence, how do I figure out if
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it's a pangrammatic autogram?". The latter is obviously much easier. Patuzzo
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it's a pangram-autogram?". The latter is obviously much easier. Patuzzo
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clearly thought this was a pretty neat idea (and I agree), because he created an
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entire programming language, called [Sentient](https://sentient-lang.org), which
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helps you express many different problems in ways that bully SAT-solvers into
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solving them for you, as he did for the problem of pangrammatic autograms.
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This is pretty satisfying. In a few minutes my little laptop had generated this
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beauty using Patuzzo's tool:
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acmatic beauty using Patuzzo's tool:
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> This pangram tallies five a's, one b, one c, two d's, twenty nine e's, nine
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f's, four g's, six h's, thirteen i's, one j, one k, three l's, two m's, twenty

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