Added flowchart for the basic problem of ethics

flowcharts/the-basic-problem-of-ethics.md

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+# The basic problem of ethics
+
+![The basic problem of ethics](./the-basic-problem-of-ethics.svg)
+
+This diagram was generated using [svgbobrus](https://github.com/ivanceras/svgbobrus) using the following source:
+
+```
+
+       "THE BASIC PROBLEM OF ETHICS"
+       "by Sven Nilsen, 2018"
+
+ "The basic problem of ethics is to justify an action."
+
+ ,------,  action₀₁ ,------,
+ |world₀|---------->|world₁|
+ '--,---'           '--,---'
+    |                  |
+    |evaluation₀       |evaluation₁
+    v                  v
+ ,--'-----,   ?    ,---'----,
+ |utility₀|------->|utility₁|
+ '--------'        '--------'
+
+ "A justification is not just comparing two utilities."
+
+ "Since evaluation depends on the world state,"
+ "it matters for ethics how the utility is evaluated."
+
+ "Since the world state depends on the action taken,"
+ "it matters for ethics how the action changes the world."
+
+ "All these parts matter as a whole:"
+ "- How worlds are defined"
+ "- How actions are defined"
+ "- How evaluations are defined"
+ "- How utilities are defined"
+ "- What we mean by justifying an action"
+```