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merge 1.7.1 into master
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bxparks committed Jun 15, 2023
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48 changes: 44 additions & 4 deletions CHANGELOG.md
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# Changelog

* Unreleased
* 1.7.1 (2023-06-15)
* This is a maintenance release, to update the list of supported boards,
and update the documentation.
* No functional change.
* Add [MemoryBenchmark](examples/MemoryBenchmark) to collect flash and
static memory usage.
* For consistency with my other arduino libraries.
* Also enables an automated script to verify that AUnit compiles under
various microcontrollers.
* Update supported boards and tiers
* Update [Flash.h](src/aunit/Flash.h) to work better with Teensyduino,
Adafruit SAMD, and Seeeduino SAMD boards by hacking around their bugs
and inconsistent APIs
* Add SAMD21 and SAMD51 boards to Tier 1
* Add 2 SAMD boards from 2 different companies, to test their
Arduino Core software:
* Seeeduino XIAO M0 (SAMD21 48MHz ARM Cortex-M0+)
* Adafruit ItsyBitsy M4 (SAMD51 120MHz ARM Cortex-M4)
* SAMD21 and SAMD51 boards are back in Tier 1, as long as they use
the traditional Arduino API instead of the new
[ArduinoCore-API](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-api).
* Fortunately most third party SAMD21 and SAMD51 boards continue to
use the traditional Arduino API.
* Move Teensy 3.2 to Tier 2 ("Should work but not tested often")
* This board is entering end-of-life.
* As well, the Teensyduino environment integrates with the Arduino
IDE and CLI in a way that's different than all other third-party
Arduino boards. Some of my automation scripts do not work with
Teensyduino, so it becomes very time consuming to test the Teensy
boards.
* All Teensy boards are now in Tier 2.
* The various tiers are documented in the
[README.md](README.md#Hardware).
* Upgrade tool chain.
* Arduino CLI from 0.19.2 to 0.33.0
* Arduino AVR Core from 1.8.4 to 1.8.6
* STM32duino from 2.2.0 to 2.5.0
* ESP32 Core from 2.0.2 to 2.0.9
* Teensyduino from 1.56 to 1.57 (unable to install 1.58)
* 1.7.0 (2022-12-08)
* **Potentially Breaking** Change format of assertion failure message from:
* "Assertion failed: (expected=3) == (counter=4), file AUnitTest.ino,
line 134.", to
* "AUnitTest.ino:134: Assertion failed: (expected=3) == (counter=4)."
* **Potentially Breaking** Change format of assertion failure message
* from: `Assertion failed: (expected=3) == (counter=4), file
AUnitTest.ino, line 134.`
* to: `AUnitTest.ino:134: Assertion failed: (expected=3) ==
(counter=4).`
* This format is compatible with various Linux/MacOS/Unix command line
tools, in particular, the `vim` editor.
* When used with EpoxyDuino, this message format allows the `vim` editor
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231 changes: 164 additions & 67 deletions README.md
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A unit testing framework for Arduino platforms inspired by by
[ArduinoUnit](https://github.com/mmurdoch/arduinounit) and [Google
Test](https://github.com/google/googletest/). The unit tests usually run on the
embedded controller which allows detection of architecture-specific problems.
But for faster development, many unit tests can be compiled and executed
natively on Linux or MacOS using the
[EpoxyDuino](https://github.com/bxparks/EpoxyDuino) companion project.

AUnit is almost a drop-in replacement of ArduinoUnit with some advantages. AUnit
supports timeouts and test fixtures. It sometimes consumes 50% less flash memory
on the AVR platform, and it has been tested to work on the AVR, SAMD21, STM32,
ESP8266, ESP32 and Teensy platforms. Another companion project
[AUniter](https://github.com/bxparks/AUniter) project provides command line
tools to verify, upload and validate the unit tests to the microcontroller,
instead of having to go through the Arduino IDE. Both the AUniter and
EpoxyDuino tools can be used in a continuous integration system like Jenkins,
or with [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/features/actions).

**Version**: 1.7.0 (2022-12-08)
Test](https://github.com/google/googletest/). AUnit is almost a drop-in
replacement of ArduinoUnit (v2.2) with some advantages. AUnit supports timeouts
and test fixtures. It sometimes consumes 50% less flash memory on the AVR
platform, and it has been tested to work on the AVR, SAMD21, STM32, ESP8266,
ESP32 and Teensy platforms. The assertion error messages were updated in v1.7 to
provide seamless integration with Unix tools like `vim`.

Originally, the AUnit tests were designed to run on the embedded controller
itself which allows detection of architecture-specific problems. But the
uploading, flashing, and execution process is often slow and flaky, causing the
iteration cycle to take too much time. It is often more effective to execute the
AUnit tests natively on a host machine (running Linux, MacOS, or FreeBSD) using
the [EpoxyDuino](https://github.com/bxparks/EpoxyDuino) companion project. Once
the unit tests are running on the Linux or MacOS host machine, they can be
incorporated into a continuous integration system like
[Jenkins](https://www.jenkins.io/) system or a cloud-based system like [GitHub
Actions](https://github.com/features/actions).

**Version**: 1.7.1 (2023-06-15)

**Changelog**: [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md)

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -78,6 +80,8 @@ or with [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/features/actions).
* [Class Hierarchy](#ClassHierarchy)
* [Testing Private Helper Methods](#PrivateHelperMethods)
* [Benchmarks](#Benchmarks)
* [Memory Benchmark](#MemoryBenchmark)
* [Compared with ArduinoUnit](#CompareArduinoUnit)
* [System Requirements](#SystemRequirements)
* [Hardware](#Hardware)
* [Tool Chain](#ToolChains)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -248,36 +252,66 @@ The source files are organized as follows:

The `examples/` directory has a number of examples:

* `advanced` - how to subclass `Test` and `TestOnce` manually
* `basic` - using the `test()` macro
* `continuous` - using the `testing()` macro
* `filter` - how to filter tests using `TestRunner::include()` and
`TestRunner::exclude()`
* `fixture` - how to use the `testF()` macro with test fixtures
* `meta_asserts` - how to use `assertTestXxx()` and `checkTestXxx()`

In the `tests/` directory:

* `AUnitTest` - the unit test for core `AUnit` functions,
* `AUnitMetaTest` - the unit test for meta assertions and `extern*()` macros
* `FilterTest` - manual tests for `include()` and `exclude()` filters
* `SetupAndTeardownTest` - tests to verify that `setup()` and `teardown()` are
called properly by the finite state machine

Perhaps the best way to see AUnit in action through real life examples. All my
libraries use AUnit for testing and for continuous integration through
EpoxyDuino. Here are some examples:
* Basic
* [basic](examples/basic)
* using the `test()` macro
* [fixture](examples/fixture)
* how to use the `testF()` macro with test fixtures
* Intermediate
* [filter](examples/filter)
* how to filter tests using `TestRunner::include()` and
`TestRunner::exclude()`
* [meta_asserts](examples/meta_asserts)
* how to use `assertTestXxx()` and `checkTestXxx()`
* Advanced
* [advanced](examples/advanced/)
* how to subclass `Test` and `TestOnce` manually
* [continuous](examples/continuous)
* using the `testing()` macro
* Benchmarks
* These are internal benchmark programs, not meant as examples (they are in
the `examples/` directory because of the Arduino IDE).
* [MemoryBenchmark](examples/MemoryBenchmark)
* Determines the flash and static memory consumption of AUnit for
various microcontroller

In the `tests/` directory, there are unit tests to test the AUnit framework
itself:

* [AUnitTest](tests/AUnitTest)
* the unit test for core `AUnit` functions
* [AUnitMoreTest](tests/AUnitMoreTest)
* more tests
* [AUnitMetaTest](tests/AUnitMetaTest)
* the unit test for meta assertions and `extern*()` macros
* [CompareTest](tests/CompareTest)
* tests for the low-level compare functions
* [FailingTest](tests/FailingTest)
* tests that are expected to fail
* [FilterTest](tests/FilterTest)
* manual tests for `include()` and `exclude()` filters
* [Print64Test](tests/Print64Test)
* manual tests for `include()` and `exclude()` filters
* [SetupAndTeardownTest](tests/SetupAndTeardownTest)
* tests to verify that `setup()` and `teardown()` are called properly by the
finite state machine
* [tests/Makefile](tests/Makefile)
* Runs the tests on a Linux or Mac machine using EpoxyDuino

Perhaps the best way to see AUnit in action is through real life examples. All
my libraries use AUnit for testing and for continuous integration through
EpoxyDuino. Here are some of my libraries:

* [AceButton](https://github.com/bxparks/AceButton)
* My first Arduino library, which originally used ArduinoUnit 2.2.
* I kept many of the original ArduinoUnit tests for backwards compatibility
testing. But over time, I started to use nore AUnit features.
testing. But over time, I started to use more AUnit features so I'm not
sure if they work with ArduinoUnit anymore.
* [AceCRC](https://github.com/bxparks/AceCRC)
* [AceCommon](https://github.com/bxparks/AceCommon)
* [AceRoutine](https://github.com/bxparks/AceRoutine)
* [AceSegment](https://github.com/bxparks/AceSegment)
* [AceSorting](https://github.com/bxparks/AceSorting)
* [AceTimeClock](https://github.com/bxparks/AceTimeClock)
* [AceTime](https://github.com/bxparks/AceTime)

<a name="Usage"></a>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -518,7 +552,7 @@ SampleTest.ino:10: Assertion failed: (2) == (1)
The format of the assertion failure messages was changed in v1.7 to the
following:
```
{filName}:{lineNumber}: Assertion failed: {expression}
{fileName}:{lineNumber}: Assertion failed: {expression}
```
This format is a widely used in many other programs, for example, the C compiler
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1476,21 +1510,16 @@ copied from the `AUniter/README.md` file:
* list the available serial ports and devices
* `$ auniter verify nano Blink.ino`
* verify (compile) `Blink.ino` using the `env:nano` environment
* `$ auniter verify nano,esp8266,esp32 Blink.ino`
* verify `Blink.ino` on 3 target environments (`env:nano`, `env:esp8266`,
`env:esp32`)
* `$ auniter upload nano:/dev/ttyUSB0 Blink.ino`
* upload `Blink.ino` to the `env:nano` target environment connected to
`/dev/ttyUSB0`
* `$ auniter test nano:USB0 BlinkTest.ino`
* compile and upload `BlinkTest.ino` using the `env:nano` environment,
upload it to the board at `/dev/ttyUSB0`, then validate the output of the
[AUnit](https://github.com/bxparks/AUnit) unit test
* `$ auniter test nano:USB0,esp8266:USB1,esp32:USB2 BlinkTest/ ClockTest/`
* `$ auniter test nano:USB0 BlinkTest/ ClockTest/`
* upload and verify the 2 unit tests (`BlinkTest/BlinkTest.ino`,
`ClockTest/ClockTest.ino`) on 3 target environments (`env:nano`,
`env:esp8266`, `env:esp32`) located at the 3 respective ports
(`/dev/ttyUSB0`, `/dev/ttyUSB1`, `/dev/ttyUSB2`)
`ClockTest/ClockTest.ino`) on the target environment (`env:nano`)
* `$ auniter upmon nano:USB0 Blink.ino`
* upload the `Blink.ino` sketch and monitor the serial port using a
user-configurable terminal program (e.g. `picocom`) on `/dev/ttyUSB0`
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1528,10 +1557,22 @@ For real Arduino boards, you get more reliable unit tests if you add a
necessary, so I recommend calling this only on real Arduino boards, like this:
```C++
void setup() {
#ifdef ARDUINO
#if ! defined(EPOXY_DUINO)
delay(1000); // Wait for stability on some boards, otherwise garage on Serial
#endif

Serial.begin(115200);
while (! Serial); // Wait until Serial is ready - Leonardo/Micro

#if defined(EPOXY_DUINO)
Serial.setLineModeUnix(); // use Unix line terminator instead of DOS
#endif
...
}

void loop() {
aunit::TestRunner::run();
}
```

**Exit() Status Code**
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1881,13 +1922,50 @@ testF(TargetTest, helper) {
```

The tricky part is that `Target.h` must have forward declarations of the various
auto-generated AUnit test classes. And within the `Target` class itsef, the
auto-generated AUnit test classes. And within the `Target` class itself, the
`friend` declarations need to have a global scope `::` specifier before the name
of the test class.

<a name="Benchmarks"></a>
## Benchmarks

<a name="MemoryBenchmark"></a>
### MemoryBenchmark

The [MemoryBenchmark](examples/MemoryBenchmark/) directory collects the flash
and static RAM usage of the AUnit library on various microcontroller boards, and
renders the results as tables embedded in the README.md file. Here are 2
highlights:

**Arduino Nano (8-bit)**

```
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Functionality | flash/ ram | delta |
|----------------------------------------+--------------+-------------|
| Baseline | 1586/ 185 | 0/ 0 |
|----------------------------------------+--------------+-------------|
| AUnit Single Test | 4456/ 366 | 2870/ 181 |
| AUnit Single Test Verbose | 4500/ 366 | 2914/ 181 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
```

**ESP8266 (32-bit)**

```
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Functionality | flash/ ram | delta |
|----------------------------------------+--------------+-------------|
| Baseline | 264949/27984 | 0/ 0 |
|----------------------------------------+--------------+-------------|
| AUnit Single Test | 268021/28148 | 3072/ 164 |
| AUnit Single Test Verbose | 268081/28148 | 3132/ 164 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
```

<a name="CompareArduinoUnit"></a>
### Compared to ArduinoUnit 2.2

AUnit consumes as much as 65% less flash memory than ArduinoUnit 2.2 on an AVR
platform (e.g. Arduino UNO, Nano), and 30% less flash on the Teensy-ARM platform
(e.g. Teensy LC ). (ArduinoUnit 2.3 reduces the flash memory by 30% or so, which
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1929,50 +2007,69 @@ AUnit, but a savings of 30-50% seems to be common.
<a name="Hardware"></a>
### Hardware

The library is tested on the following boards:
**Tier 1: Fully supported**

These boards are tested on each release:

* Arduino Nano clone (16 MHz ATmega328P)
* SparkFun Pro Micro clone (16 MHz ATmega32U4)
* SAMD21 M0 Mini board (Arduino Zero compatible, 48 MHz ARM Cortex-M0+)
* Seeeduino XIAO M0 (SAMD21, 48 MHz ARM Cortex-M0+)
* STM32 Blue Pill (STM32F103C8, 72 MHz ARM Cortex-M3)
* Adafruit ItsyBitsy M4 (SAMD51, 120 MHz ARM Cortext-M4)
* NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E module, 80 MHz ESP8266)
* WeMos D1 Mini (ESP-12E module, 80 MHz ESP8266)
* ESP32 dev board (ESP-WROOM-32 module, 240 MHz dual core Tensilica LX6)
* Teensy 3.2 (96 MHz ARM Cortex-M4)

I will occasionally test on the following hardware as a sanity check:
**Tier 2: Should work**

These boards should work but I don't test them as often:

* Arduino Pro Mini (16 MHz ATmega328P)
* Mini Mega 2560 (Arduino Mega 2560 compatible, 16 MHz ATmega2560)
* Teensy LC (48 MHz ARM Cortex-M0+)
* Teensy 3.2 (96 MHz ARM Cortex-M4)

**Tier 3: May work, but not supported**

The following boards are **not** supported:
* Other 3rd party SAMD21 and SAMD51 boards *may* work if their board software
uses the traditional Arduino API, instead of the
[ArduinoCore-API](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-api)

* Any platform using the ArduinoCore-API
(https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-api), such as:
* megaAVR (e.g. Nano Every) using ArduinoCore-megaavr
(https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-megaavr/)
* SAMD21 boards (e.g. MKRZero) using ArduinoCore-samd
(https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-samd) starting with
`arduino:samd` version >= 1.8.10
* Raspberry Pi Pico (RP2040) using Arduino-Pico
(https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico)
**Tier Blacklisted**

The following boards are *not* supported and are explicitly blacklisted to allow
the compiler to print useful error messages instead of hundreds of lines of
compiler errors:

* Any platform using the
[ArduinoCore-API](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-api), such as:
* Arduino-branded megaAVR using
[ArduinoCore-megaavr](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-megaavr/)
* Nano Every
* Arduino-branded SAMD21 or SAMD51 boards using
[ArduinoCore-samd](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-samd) after
version >= 1.8.10
* MKRZero
* Nano 33 IoT
* Raspberry Pi Pico (RP2040) using
[Arduino-Pico](https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico)

<a name="ToolChain"></a>
### Tool Chain

This library was validated using:

* [Arduino IDE 1.8.19](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
* [Arduino CLI 0.19.2](https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli)
* [Arduino AVR Boards 1.8.4](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-avr)
* [Arduino CLI 0.33.0](https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli)
* [Arduino AVR Boards 1.8.6](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-avr)
* [Arduino SAMD Boards 1.8.9](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-samd)
(versions >= 1.8.10 not supported)
* [SparkFun AVR Boards 1.1.13](https://github.com/sparkfun/Arduino_Boards)
* [SparkFun SAMD Boards 1.8.6](https://github.com/sparkfun/Arduino_Boards)
* [STM32duino 2.2.0](https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32)
* [STM32duino 2.5.0](https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32)
* [ESP8266 Arduino 3.0.2](https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino)
* [ESP32 Arduino 2.0.2](https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32)
* [Teensyduino 1.56](https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_download.html)
* [ESP32 Arduino 2.0.9](https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32)
* [Teensyduino 1.57](https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_download.html)

This library is *not* compatible with:

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