Consolidate static state, territory, and province data in one place

[zaneselvans]

We have accumulated several dictionaries of information related to states and provinces in various modules. With the integration of the bulk EIA electricity data it seems like it may finally be worth consolidating them to avoid duplication and ensure that there's a single source of truth with a uniform method of access.

Existing constants to replace

• pudl.metadata.enums.US_STATES
• pudl.metadata.enums.US_TERRITORIES
• pudl.metadata.enums.US_STATES_TERRITORIES
• pudl.metadata.enums.CANADA_PROVINCES_TERRITORIES (mapping of abbreviations to names)
• pudl.metadata.enums.EPACEMS_STATES (bespoke subset of state & territories applicable only to EPA CEMS data)
• pudl.transform.eia.APPROXIMATE_TIMEZONES (state/territory/province to timezone mapping)
• pudl.metadata.dfs.STATES (state and census region codes required for bulk EIA data aggregations)
• pudl.analysis.state_demand.STATES (state FIPS codes)

Other tasks

• Define political_subdivisions fields & resource metadata
• Integrate political_subdivisions into the static table ETL

New table structure

This isn't going to be a well normalized table. It's just a way to look up state-associated attributes. Columns should include:

• country_code (string, primary key): ISO-3166-1 country code (alpha-2 or alpha-3?)
• country_name (string, primary key): ISO-3166-1 country name
• subdivision_category (string): ISO-3166-2 subdivision category (e.g. state, district, outlying area, territory, province)
• subdivision_code (string): 2-letter subdivision abbreviation (ISO-3166-2 political subdivisions)
• subdivision_name (string): full political subdivision name (ISO-3166)
• state_id_fips (string): 2-character numerical state FIPS code (or NA if not in the US)
• region_code_us_census (string): US Census region abbreviation (or NA if not in the US)
• timezone (string): Approximate canonical timezone, (from IANA, e.g. America/New_York) associated with the political subdivision.
• is_epacems (bool): Whether this subdivision is present in the EPA CEMS dataset.