Add a cc.strings.split method

This is largely copied from metis, with the documentation updated.

projects/core/src/main/resources/data/computercraft/lua/rom/modules/main/cc/strings.lua

@@ -110,7 +110,63 @@ local function ensure_width(line, width)
     return line
 end
 
+--[[- Split a string into parts, each separated by a deliminator.
+
+For instance, splitting the string `"a b c"` with the deliminator `" "`, would
+return a table with three strings: `"a"`, `"b"`, and `"c"`.
+
+By default, the deliminator is given as a [Lua pattern][pattern]. Passing `true`
+to the `plain` argument will cause the deliminator to be treated as a litteral
+string.
+
+[pattern]: https://www.lua.org/manual/5.3/manual.html#6.4.1
+
+@tparam string str The string to split.
+@tparam string deliminator The pattern to split this string on.
+@tparam[opt=false] boolean plain Treat the deliminator as a plain string, rather than a pattern.
+@tparam[opt] number limit The maximum number of elements in the returned list.
+@treturn { string... } The list of split strings.
+
+@usage Split a string into words.
+
+    require "cc.strings".split("This is a sentence.", "%s+")
+
+@usage Split a string by "-" into at most 3 elements.
+
+    require "cc.strings".split("a-separated-string-of-sorts", "-", true, 3)
+
+@see table.concat To join strings together.
+
+@since 1.112.0
+]]
+local function split(str, deliminator, plain, limit)
+    expect(1, str, "string")
+    expect(2, deliminator, "string")
+    expect(3, plain, "boolean", "nil")
+    expect(4, limit, "number", "nil")
+
+    local out, out_n, pos = {}, 0, 1
+    while not limit or out_n < limit - 1 do
+        local start, finish = str:find(deliminator, pos, plain)
+        if not start then break end
+
+        out_n = out_n + 1
+        out[out_n] = str:sub(pos, start - 1)
+
+        -- Require us to advance by at least one character.
+        if finish < start then error("separator is empty", 2) end
+
+        pos = finish + 1
+    end
+
+    if pos == 1 then return { str } end
+
+    out[out_n + 1] = str:sub(pos)
+    return out
+end
+
 return {
     wrap = wrap,
     ensure_width = ensure_width,
+    split = split,
 }

projects/core/src/test/resources/test-rom/spec/modules/cc/strings_spec.lua

@@ -44,4 +44,33 @@ describe("cc.strings", function()
             expect(str.ensure_width("test string is long", 15)):eq("test string is ")
         end)
     end)
+
+    describe("split", function()
+        it("splits with empty segments", function()
+            expect(str.split("", "%-")):same { "" }
+            expect(str.split("-", "%-")):same { "", "" }
+            expect(str.split("---", "%-")):same { "", "", "", "" }
+            expect(str.split("-a", "%-")):same { "", "a" }
+            expect(str.split("a-", "%-")):same { "a", "" }
+        end)
+
+        it("cannot split with an empty separator", function()
+            expect.error(str.split, "abc", ""):eq("separator is empty")
+        end)
+
+        it("splits on patterns", function()
+            expect(str.split("a.bcd      ef", "%W+")):same { "a", "bcd", "ef" }
+        end)
+
+        it("splits on literal strings", function()
+            expect(str.split("a-bcd-ef", "-", true)):same { "a", "bcd", "ef" }
+        end)
+
+        it("accepts a limit", function()
+            expect(str.split("foo-bar-baz-qux-quyux", "-", true, 3)):same { "foo", "bar", "baz-qux-quyux" }
+            expect(str.split("foo-bar-baz", "-", true, 5)):same { "foo", "bar", "baz" }
+            expect(str.split("foo-bar-baz", "-", true, 1)):same { "foo-bar-baz" }
+            expect(str.split("foo-bar-baz", "-", true, 1)):same { "foo-bar-baz" }
+        end)
+    end)
 end)