Fix segfault in MathUnary

[qoega]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Check for incorrect column conversion. Closes #51495.

Documentation entry for user-facing changes

• Documentation is written (mandatory for new features)

Information about CI checks: https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/development/continuous-integration/

[robot-ch-test-poll1]

This is an automated comment for commit 32d00dc with description of existing statuses. It's updated for the latest CI running
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The overall status of the commit is 🟡 pending

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[rschu1ze]

Will prevent the crash but the true problem is further up the stack, I guess.

+ needs a test

[qoega]

Currently building binary to canonize the test. But I agree that we need to find root cause.

[qoega]

It looks we do not fail/retry when we could not connect

+ clickhouse-client --query 'SELECT '\''Connected to clickhouse-server after attaching gdb'\'''
Code: 210. DB::NetException: Connection refused (localhost:9000). (NETWORK_ERROR)


real	0m0.018s
user	0m0.011s
sys	0m0.007s

[qoega]

• Stress test (tsan) Try to fix deadlock in ZooKeeper client #51563
• Stress test (ubsan) Logical error: Read unexpected size. #51592

[qoega]