kvserver: fix Replica.tenantLimiter race

[pav-kv]

If a Replica is destroyed while or shortly before Send waits for the tenant rate limiter, the rate limiter returns a quotapool.ErrClosed which propagates all the way up to the SQL client. This commit fixes maybeRateLimitBatch to return the Replica destruction status error instead, so that the Send stack retries the request.

Release note (bug fix): fixed a race condition in Replica lifecycle which could result in a failed SQL request in cases where it could be successfully retried.

Fixes #109729
Epic: none

[blathers-crl]

It looks like your PR touches production code but doesn't add or edit any test code. Did you consider adding tests to your PR?

_{🦉 Hoot! I am a Blathers, a bot for CockroachDB. My owner is dev-inf.}

[cockroach-teamcity]

This change is 

[pav-kv]

Writing a test for it.

[pav-kv]

Stressed the new test a bunch, works.

[erikgrinaker]

Nice, thanks!

[pav-kv]

bors r=erikgrinaker

[craig]

Build succeeded:

• Bazel Essential CI (Cockroach)

[blathers-crl]

Encountered an error creating backports. Some common things that can go wrong:

1. The backport branch might have already existed.
2. There was a merge conflict.
3. The backport branch contained merge commits.

You might need to create your backport manually using the backport tool.

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error creating merge commit from a1202b9 to blathers/backport-release-22.2-110806: POST https://api.github.com/repos/cockroachdb/cockroach/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

you may need to manually resolve merge conflicts with the backport tool.

Backport to branch 22.2.x failed. See errors above.

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error creating merge commit from a1202b9 to blathers/backport-release-23.1-110806: POST https://api.github.com/repos/cockroachdb/cockroach/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

you may need to manually resolve merge conflicts with the backport tool.

Backport to branch 23.1.x failed. See errors above.

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