sql: Add support for altering sequence options identity columns

[andrew-delph]

Informs: #110010

This change introduces the 'ALTER [COLUMN] column_name SET sequence_option | RESTART [ [ WITH ] restart ] }' command. This enhancement allows for the modification of identity column sequence options, thereby providing more precise control over the behavior of identity columns.

Release note (sql change): Identity columns now support enhanced sequence management through the 'ALTER [COLUMN] column_name SET sequence_option' and 'ALTER [COLUMN] column_name RESTART [WITH restart]' commands. This update facilitates the fine-tuning of identity column sequences.

[blathers-crl]

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[cockroach-teamcity]

This change is 

[andrew-delph]

Here is a screenshot of the new parser diagrams:

[blathers-crl]

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[fqazi]

Great work @andrew-delph and thanks for doing this. Its fairly close just some minor comments / nits.

Reviewed 10 of 12 files at r1, all commit messages.
Reviewable status: complete! 0 of 0 LGTMs obtained (waiting on @andrew-delph)

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pkg/sql/alter_table.go line 1071 at r1 (raw file):

		// It is assummed that an identiy column owns only one sequence.
		if col.NumUsesSequences() != 1 {
			return colinfo.NewUndefinedColumnError(string(col.ColName()))

I don't think this should happen so lets use errors.AssertionFailed if we see it.

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pkg/sql/alter_table.go line 1088 at r1 (raw file):

		opts := seqDesc.GetSequenceOpts()
		f := tree.NewFmtCtx(tree.FmtSimple)
		f.Printf(" MINVALUE %d", opts.MinValue)

Might be cleaner to just make this out of tree.SequenceOption and then format it out

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pkg/sql/alter_table.go line 1096 at r1 (raw file):

Previously, andrew-delph (Andrew Delph) wrote…

Is it possible that 'GeneratedAsIdentitySequenceOption' can be overridden by another transaction?
It will be parsed down stream when writing to the information_schema.

So other concurrent writes can happen, but your transaction will be forced to retry because of the conflict. So, theres no danger and this will work correctly.

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pkg/sql/logictest/testdata/logic_test/information_schema line 2976 at r1 (raw file):

statement ok
CREATE DATABASE test_identity

You can just use the same database for this test, no need to make a new one

[andrew-delph]

Thank you @fqazi for the comments!
I've made some changes.

[fqazi]

Reviewed 12 of 12 files at r2, all commit messages.
Reviewable status: complete! 1 of 0 LGTMs obtained (waiting on @andrew-delph)

[fqazi]

bors r+

[craig]

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[craig]

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