tools: Add support for Alpine Linux

[mkmkme]

This commit closes #14307.

Changelog: Feature: Added support for apk package manager and Alpine Linux
Docs: conan-io/docs#3312

• Refer to the issue that supports this Pull Request.
• I've read the Contributing guide.
• I've followed the PEP8 style guides for Python code.
• I've opened another PR in the Conan docs repo to the develop2 branch, documenting this one.

[memsharded]

This is looking good, thanks very much for contributing it @mkmkme

I guess that you have also tested it manually with some recipes that uses Apk to install real packages? Even if it cannot be tested in CI, it would be good to make sure that it is working in real reacipes.

[mkmkme]

@memsharded thanks for the approval!

Yes, for the test I took opengl package from conan-center-install and added apk to the recipe. Here's the relevant output:

======== Computing necessary packages ========
opengl/system: Forced build from source
Requirements
    opengl/system#c07ee941b5fdaa8277055c3d1a5ca79b:da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 - Build
opengl/system: RUN: apk info -e mesa-gl

opengl/system: RUN: apk update
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
v3.18.2-540-g37f67005e76 [https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/main]
v3.18.2-546-g1a7d2d7bbea [https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/community]
OK: 20070 distinct packages available

opengl/system: RUN: apk add --no-cache mesa-gl
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/16) Installing mesa (23.0.4-r0)
(2/16) Installing libxau (1.0.11-r2)
(3/16) Installing libmd (1.0.4-r2)
(4/16) Installing libbsd (0.11.7-r1)
(5/16) Installing libxdmcp (1.1.4-r2)
(6/16) Installing libxcb (1.15-r1)
(7/16) Installing libx11 (1.8.4-r4)
(8/16) Installing libxext (1.3.5-r2)
(9/16) Installing libxfixes (6.0.1-r2)
(10/16) Installing libxxf86vm (1.1.5-r3)
(11/16) Installing hwdata-pci (0.370-r0)
(12/16) Installing libpciaccess (0.17-r2)
(13/16) Installing libdrm (2.4.115-r4)
(14/16) Installing mesa-glapi (23.0.4-r0)
(15/16) Installing libxshmfence (1.3.2-r2)
(16/16) Installing mesa-gl (23.0.4-r0)
OK: 84 MiB in 57 packages

The recipe later fails, but the reason for that is that I don't know the corresponding package in Alpine Linux 😊