Research_Braille

RBD

Refreshable Braille Display

Research

Piezoelectric

Piezo systems use a piezoelectric material to actuate pins which create braille text.

Research

• Electrotactile Haptic Display on the Fingertips: Preliminary Results

  Discusses some of the fundamentals with voltage based haptics.

• Design of Electrotactile Stimulation to Represent Distribution of Force Vectors

  This article is investigating the use of electrocutaneous haptics to provide feedback from a robot appendage. Discusses several plausible layouts for PCB based electrodes along with a nice description of the stimulation involved.

• Electrocutaneous Stimulation: Psychometric Functions and Temporal Integration

  Did the hard work for us. Shocked people and gathered results.

• Tactile Display for the Visually Impaired Using TeslaTouch

  Basically a product overview for a system owned by Disney which can generate embossed lettering with electrocutaneous surfaces.

• New Haptic Device to use Computers for Blind Persons

  Article that discusses existing systems, and also a new one that I can't seem to find much about. Basically provides force feedback through the mouse to the user.

• Analysis and Design of Piezoelectric Braille Display

  Breakdown of existing piezoelectric cells used in current braille displays.

• A Micromachined Refreshable Braille Cell

  A look at improving upon the piezoelectric approach by downsizing and then creating an entire "screen" of physical dots that arrange to braille or embossed items.

Mechanical

Mechanical systems use a gearing set or rack and pinion row to create braille text. Cheaper and easier to manufacture than piezoelectric.

Electrocutaneous

Electrocutaneous systems use high voltages to trick the finger into recognizing a corresponding braille character.