Question Answering on SQuAD dataset is a task to find an answer on question in a given context (e.g, paragraph from Wikipedia), where the answer to each question is a segment of the context:
Context:
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail... Precipitation forms as smaller droplets coalesce via collision with other rain drops or ice crystals within a cloud. Short, intense periods of rain in scattered locations are called “showers”.
Question:
Where do water droplets collide with ice crystals to form precipitation?
Answer:
within a cloud
Datasets, which follow this task format:
- Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) (EN)
- SDSJ Task B (RU)
There are two models for this task in DeepPavlov: BERT-based and R-Net. Both models predict answer start and end position in a given context. Their performance is compared in :ref:`pretrained models <pretrained_models>` section of this documentation.
Pretrained BERT can be used for Question Answering on SQuAD dataset just by applying two linear transformations to BERT outputs for each subtoken. First/second linear transformation is used for prediction of probability that current subtoken is start/end position of an answer.
BERT for SQuAD model documentation :class:`~deeppavlov.models.bert.bert_squad.BertSQuADModel`
Question Answering Model is based on R-Net, proposed by Microsoft Research Asia ("R-NET: Machine Reading Comprehension with Self-matching Networks") and its implementation by Wenxuan Zhou.
R-Net for SQuAD model documentation: :class:`~deeppavlov.models.squad.squad.SquadModel`
Default configs could be found in :config:`deeppavlov/configs/squad/ <squad/>` folder.
Before using the model make sure that all required packages are installed running the command:
python -m deeppavlov install squad_bert
By running this command we will install requirements for :config:`deeppavlov/configs/squad/squad_bert.json <squad/squad_bert.json>`
from deeppavlov import build_model, configs
model = build_model(configs.squad.squad, download=True)
model(['DeepPavlov is library for NLP and dialog systems.'], ['What is DeepPavlov?'])
Warning: training with default config requires about 10Gb on GPU. Run following command to train the model:
python -m deeppavlov train deeppavlov/configs/squad/squad_bert.json
Interact mode provides command line interface to already trained model.
To run model in interact mode run the following command:
python -m deeppavlov interact deeppavlov/configs/squad/squad_bert.json
Model will ask you to type in context and question.
We have all pretrained model available to download:
python -m deeppavlov download deeppavlov/configs/squad/squad_bert.json
It achieves ~88 F-1 score and ~80 EM on SQuAD-v1.1 dev set.
In the following table you can find comparison with published results. Results of the most recent competitive solutions could be found on SQuAD Leadearboad.
Model (single model) | EM (dev) | F-1 (dev) |
---|---|---|
:config:`DeepPavlov BERT <squad/squad_bert.json>` | 80.88 | 88.49 |
:config:`DeepPavlov R-Net <squad/squad.json>` | 71.49 | 80.34 |
BiDAF + Self Attention + ELMo | -- | 85.6 |
QANet | 75.1 | 83.8 |
FusionNet | 75.3 | 83.6 |
R-Net | 71.1 | 79.5 |
BiDAF | 67.7 | 77.3 |
In the case when answer is not necessary present in given context we have :config:`squad_noans <squad/multi_squad_noans.json>` config with pretrained model. This model outputs empty string in case if there is no answer in context. This model was trained not on SQuAD dataset. For each question-context pair from SQuAD we extracted contexts from the same Wikipedia article and ranked them according to tf-idf score between question and context. In this manner we built dataset with contexts without an answer.
Special trainable no_answer token is added to output of self-attention layer and it makes model able to select no_answer token in cases, when answer is not present in given context.
We got 57.88 EM and 65.91 F-1 on ground truth Wikipedia article (we used the same Wiki dump as DrQA):
Model config | EM (dev) | F-1 (dev) | |
---|---|---|---|
:config:`DeepPavlov <squad/multi_squad_noans.json>` | 57.88 | 65.91 | |
Simple and Effective Multi-Paragraph Reading Comprehension | 59.14 | 67.34 | |
DrQA | 49.7 | -- |
Pretrained model is available and can be downloaded (~2.5Gb):
python -m deeppavlov download deeppavlov/configs/squad/multi_squad_noans.json
Pretrained models are available and can be downloaded:
python -m deeppavlov download deeppavlov/configs/squad/squad_ru.json
python -m deeppavlov download deeppavlov/configs/squad/squad_ru_rubert_infer.json
python -m deeppavlov download deeppavlov/configs/squad/squad_ru_bert_infer.json
Link to SDSJ Task B dataset: http://files.deeppavlov.ai/datasets/sber_squad-v1.1.tar.gz
Model config | EM (dev) | F-1 (dev) |
---|---|---|
:config:`DeepPavlov RuBERT <squad/squad_ru_rubert_infer.json>` | 66.30+-0.24 | 84.60+-0.11 |
:config:`DeepPavlov multilingual BERT <squad/squad_ru_bert_infer.json>` | 64.35+-0.39 | 83.39+-0.08 |
:config:`DeepPavlov R-Net <squad/squad_ru.json>` | 60.62 | 80.04 |