Work with deprecations in a type safe manner

[marschwar]

This adds some type safety and explicitness to the entries in the deprecation.properties file. This way there is now only one file in which we have to know how the file is structured.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #6382 (f02fff2) into main (c7b514f) will increase coverage by 0.02%.
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 95.45%.

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##               main    #6382      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     85.24%   85.27%   +0.02%     
- Complexity     4013     4015       +2     
============================================
  Files           569      569              
  Lines         13398    13423      +25     
  Branches       2367     2367              
============================================
+ Hits          11421    11446      +25     
  Misses          814      814              
  Partials       1163     1163              

Files Changed	Coverage Δ
...osch/detekt/core/config/validation/Deprecations.kt	93.93% <93.10%> (-6.07%)	⬇️
.../detekt/core/config/validation/ConfigValidation.kt	91.93% <100.00%> (ø)
.../validation/DeprecatedPropertiesConfigValidator.kt	100.00% <100.00%> (+11.11%)	⬆️
...fig/validation/InvalidPropertiesConfigValidator.kt	95.55% <100.00%> (+0.20%)	⬆️

[detekt-ci]

	Warnings
⚠️	This PR is approved with no milestone set. If merged, it won't appear in the detekt release notes.

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