[18.06] Improve version output alignment

[thaJeztah]

do not merge (yet):

rc3 was cut, and should be 18.06-GA; discuss with @andrewhsu first before merging

Cherry-pick of #1204 for 18.06

git checkout -b 18.06-backport-improve-version-align upstream/18.06
git cherry-pick -s -S -x 55ff66d967b9134f42aa5a9b28adde87fbfeca6e
git cherry-pick -s -S -x 0f7ae34ea9c9401a109640c2847756ff32e772bd
git push -u origin

cherry-pick was clean; no conflicts

Add some extra fixture information and test, and increase the column-width to account for wide names in component output;

Before this change;

docker version

Client:
 Version:      18.99.5-ce
 API version:  1.38
 Go version:   go1.10.2
 Git commit:   deadbeef
 Built:        Wed May 30 22:21:05 2018
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: true

Server: Docker Enterprise Edition (EE) 2.0
 Engine:
  Version:      17.06.2-ee-15
  API version:  1.30 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:   go1.8.7
  Git commit:   64ddfa6
  Built:        Mon Jul  9 23:38:38 2018
  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  Experimental: false
 Universal Control Plane:
  Version:       17.06.2-ee-15
  ApiVersion:    1.30
  Arch:          amd64
  BuildTime:     Mon Jul  2 21:24:07 UTC 2018
  GitCommit:     4513922
  GoVersion:     go1.9.4
  MinApiVersion: 1.20
  Os:            linux
  Version:       3.0.3-tp2
 Kubernetes:
  Version:      1.8+
  buildDate:    2018-04-26T16:51:21Z
  compiler:     gc
  gitCommit:    8d637aedf46b9c21dde723e29c645b9f27106fa5
  gitTreeState: clean
  gitVersion:   v1.8.11-docker-8d637ae
  goVersion:    go1.8.3
  major:        1
  minor:        8+
  platform:     linux/amd64
 Calico:
  Version:          v3.0.8
  cni:              v2.0.6
  kube-controllers: v2.0.5
  node:             v3.0.8

With this change applied:

docker version

Client:
 Version:           18.99.5-ce
 API version:       1.38
 Go version:        go1.10.2
 Git commit:        deadbeef
 Built:             Wed May 30 22:21:05 2018
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Enterprise Edition (EE) 2.0
 Engine:
  Version:          17.06.2-ee-15
  API version:      1.30 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.8.7
  Git commit:       64ddfa6
  Built:            Mon Jul  9 23:38:38 2018
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 Universal Control Plane:
  Version:          17.06.2-ee-15
  ApiVersion:       1.30
  Arch:             amd64
  BuildTime:        Mon Jul  2 21:24:07 UTC 2018
  GitCommit:        4513922
  GoVersion:        go1.9.4
  MinApiVersion:    1.20
  Os:               linux
  Version:          3.0.3-tp2
 Kubernetes:
  Version:          1.8+
  buildDate:        2018-04-26T16:51:21Z
  compiler:         gc
  gitCommit:        8d637aedf46b9c21dde723e29c645b9f27106fa5
  gitTreeState:     clean
  gitVersion:       v1.8.11-docker-8d637ae
  goVersion:        go1.8.3
  major:            1
  minor:            8+
  platform:         linux/amd64
 Calico:
  Version:          v3.0.8
  cni:              v2.0.6
  kube-controllers: v2.0.5
  node:             v3.0.8

[andrewhsu]

LGTM