Migrate joi to 17.4.0 and adapt the codebase (#99899)

* bump joi to 17.4.0, start adapting stuff

* remove custom validation rule, adapt instead

* fix error handling

* fix error handling again

* fix strings type & validation

* fix buffers and arrays

* fix bytes

* fix bytes_size type

* update conditional_type error messages in tests

* fix duration and map types

* first attempt to fix union type error messages

* revert conditional type assertions back to master state

* fix object type

* fix record type

* fix stream types

* rename test files to match sources

* fix union type tests

* temporary adapt feature/home usages of Joi

* fix lint

* adapt test assertion

* fix http config schema validation

* fix @kbn/test Config class

* fix config again

* fix reporting schema tests

* fix security solution schema

* adapt url tests

* remove useless comment

* remove space

* typo

* review comments

package.json

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@
     "io-ts": "^2.0.5",
     "ipaddr.js": "2.0.0",
     "isbinaryfile": "4.0.2",
-    "joi": "^13.5.2",
+    "joi": "^17.4.0",
     "jquery": "^3.5.0",
     "js-levenshtein": "^1.1.6",
     "js-search": "^1.4.3",
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@
     "@types/jest": "^26.0.22",
     "@types/jest-specific-snapshot": "^0.5.5",
     "@types/jest-when": "^2.7.2",
-    "@types/joi": "^13.4.2",
+    "@types/joi": "^17.2.3",
     "@types/jquery": "^3.3.31",
     "@types/js-search": "^1.4.0",
     "@types/js-yaml": "^3.11.1",