fix(buffer_worker): avoid sending late reply messages to callers (r5.0)

[thalesmg]

Port of #10455 to release-50

Fixes https://emqx.atlassian.net/browse/EMQX-9635

During a sync call from process A to a buffer worker B, its call to the underlying resource C can be very slow. In those cases, A will receive a timeout response and expect no more messages from B nor C. However, prior to this fix, if B is stuck in a long sync call to C and then gets its response after A timed out, B would still send the late response to A, polluting its mailbox.

Summary

🤖 Generated by Copilot at 50485b9

Fixed a noisy error log caused by late replies from slow synchronous calls to external resources. Exported and used reply_call/2 function in emqx_resource_buffer_worker to handle late replies gracefully. Added a test case and a changelog entry for the fix.

PR Checklist

Please convert it to a draft if any of the following conditions are not met. Reviewers may skip over until all the items are checked:

• Added tests for the changes
• Changed lines covered in coverage report
• Change log has been added to changes/{ce,ee}/(feat|perf|fix)-<PR-id>.en.md files
• For internal contributor: there is a jira ticket to track this change
• If there should be document changes, a PR to emqx-docs.git is sent, or a jira ticket is created to follow up
• Schema changes are backward compatible

Checklist for CI (.github/workflows) changes

• If changed package build workflow, pass this action (manual trigger)
• Change log has been added to changes/ dir for user-facing artifacts update

[zmstone]

Thank you.