fix(ruleengine): fix duplicate payload problems

[lafirest]

Fixes EMQX-10197

Summary

🤖 Generated by Copilot at 95973a3

Added path aliases for SQL queries in rule engine. This allows users to refer to nested payload fields with shorter names in the SELECT clause. Refactored some internal functions in emqx_rule_runtime.erl to support this feature.

PR Checklist

Please convert it to a draft if any of the following conditions are not met. Reviewers may skip over until all the items are checked:

• Added tests for the changes
• Changed lines covered in coverage report
• Change log has been added to changes/{ce,ee}/(feat|perf|fix)-<PR-id>.en.md files
• For internal contributor: there is a jira ticket to track this change
• If there should be document changes, a PR to emqx-docs.git is sent, or a jira ticket is created to follow up
• Schema changes are backward compatible

Checklist for CI (.github/workflows) changes

• If changed package build workflow, pass this action (manual trigger)
• Change log has been added to changes/ dir for user-facing artifacts update

[lafirest]

make sure the payload in the path has the same type as it in the columns or it possibly be duplicated

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 5443373944

• 6 of 8 (75.0%) changed or added relevant lines in 2 files are covered.
• 32 unchanged lines in 10 files lost coverage.
• Overall coverage increased (+0.05%) to 81.974%

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Changes Missing Coverage	Covered Lines	Changed/Added Lines	%
apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_funcs.erl	0	1	0.0%
apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_runtime.erl	6	7	85.71%

Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
apps/emqx_gateway_mqttsn/src/emqx_mqttsn_frame.erl	1	64.61%
apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_runtime.erl	1	76.92%
apps/emqx/src/emqx_connection.erl	1	83.7%
apps/emqx/src/emqx_pool.erl	1	94.12%
apps/emqx/src/emqx_banned.erl	2	89.55%
apps/emqx/src/emqx_channel.erl	2	87.56%
apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_fs.erl	4	78.26%
apps/emqx_resource/src/emqx_resource_metrics.erl	4	53.68%
apps/emqx_resource/src/emqx_resource_buffer_worker.erl	5	93.12%
apps/emqx/src/emqx_reason_codes.erl	11	87.5%

Totals
Change from base Build 5439762080:	0.05%
Covered Lines:	30709
Relevant Lines:	37462

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💛 - Coveralls