Performance improvements for Comparators (#5687)

Critical performance improvements after #4067

# Important Notes
- Replace if-then-else expressions in `Any.==` with case expressions.
- Fix caching in `EqualsNode`.
- This includes fixing specializations, along with fallback guard.

distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/Any.enso

@@ -110,16 +110,20 @@ type Any
         # host or polyglot values, so we just compare them with the default comparator.
         eq_self = Panic.catch No_Such_Conversion (Comparable.from self) _-> Default_Unordered_Comparator
         eq_that = Panic.catch No_Such_Conversion (Comparable.from that) _-> Default_Unordered_Comparator
-        if Meta.is_same_object eq_self Incomparable then False else
-            similar_type = Meta.is_same_object eq_self eq_that
-            if similar_type.not then False else
-                case eq_self.is_ordered of
+        case Meta.is_same_object eq_self Incomparable of
+            True -> False
+            False ->
+                similar_type = Meta.is_same_object eq_self eq_that
+                case similar_type of
+                    False -> False
                     True ->
-                        # Comparable.equals_builtin is a hack how to directly access EqualsNode from the
-                        # engine, so that we don't end up in an infinite recursion here (which would happen
-                        # if we would compare with `eq_self == eq_that`).
-                        Comparable.equals_builtin (eq_self.compare self that) Ordering.Equal
-                    False -> eq_self.equals self that
+                        case eq_self.is_ordered of
+                            True ->
+                                # Comparable.equals_builtin is a hack how to directly access EqualsNode from the
+                                # engine, so that we don't end up in an infinite recursion here (which would happen
+                                # if we would compare with `eq_self == eq_that`).
+                                Comparable.equals_builtin (eq_self.compare self that) Ordering.Equal
+                            False -> eq_self.equals self that
 
     ## ALIAS Inequality
 

distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/Data/Numbers.enso

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import project.Data.Ordering.Ordering
 import project.Data.Ordering.Comparable
+import project.Data.Ordering.Incomparable
 import project.Data.Ordering.Default_Ordered_Comparator
 import project.Data.Text.Text
 import project.Data.Locale.Locale
@@ -940,7 +941,10 @@ type Integer
 
     parse_builtin text radix = @Builtin_Method "Integer.parse"
 
-Comparable.from (_:Number) = Default_Ordered_Comparator
+Comparable.from (that:Number) =
+    case that.is_nan of
+        True -> Incomparable
+        False -> Default_Ordered_Comparator
 
 ## UNSTABLE
 

distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/Data/Ordering.enso

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import project.Error.Unimplemented.Unimplemented
 import project.Nothing
 import project.Meta
 import project.Meta.Atom
+import project.Panic.Panic
 from project.Data.Boolean import all
 
 ## Provides custom ordering, equality check and hash code for types that need it.
@@ -165,9 +166,15 @@ type Default_Ordered_Comparator
     ## Handles only primitive types, not atoms or vectors.
     compare : Any -> Any -> Ordering
     compare x y =
-        if Comparable.less_than_builtin x y then Ordering.Less else
-            if Comparable.equals_builtin x y then Ordering.Equal else
-                if Comparable.less_than_builtin y x then Ordering.Greater
+        case Comparable.less_than_builtin x y of
+            True -> Ordering.Less
+            False ->
+                case Comparable.equals_builtin x y of
+                    True -> Ordering.Equal
+                    False ->
+                        case Comparable.less_than_builtin y x of
+                            True -> Ordering.Greater
+                            False -> Panic.throw "Unreachable"
 
     hash : Number -> Integer
     hash x = Comparable.hash_builtin x

distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/Runtime/State.enso

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ get key = @Builtin_Method "State.get"
    - key: The key with which to associate the new state.
    - new_state: The new state to store.
 
-   Returns an uninitialized state error if the user tries to read from an
+   Returns an uninitialized state error if the user tries to put into an
    uninitialized slot.
 
    > Example