Performance improvements for Comparators

[Akirathan]

Pull Request Description

Critical performance improvements after #4067

Important Notes

• Replace if-then-else expressions in Any.== with case expressions.
• Fix caching in EqualsNode.
  • This includes fixing specializations, along with fallback guard.

Checklist

Please include the following checklist in your PR:

• The documentation has been updated if necessary.
• All code conforms to the
  Scala,
  Java,
  and
  Rust
  style guides.
• All code has been tested:
  • Unit tests have been written where possible.
  • If GUI codebase was changed: Enso GUI was tested when built using BOTH
    ./run ide build and ./run ide watch.

[Akirathan]

State of benchmarks from test/Benchmarks/src/Sum.enso:

engine version	SumTCO Corecursive	SumTCO Decimal	SumTCO	SumTCO Java	State	Co-State
engine-2023.1.27	55.05	100.80	77.72	57.24	77.55	231.13
engine-2023.2.17	5000	??	??	??	??	??
engine-develop	487	99	147	138	141.80	519.18

engine-2023.1.27 is version before #4067, engine-2023.2.17 is version after #4067, I was not patient enough to let all the benchmarks finish.

There are still some regressions, but they will be tackled in more follow-up PRs.

[JaroslavTulach]

Let's get this important improvement in.

[Akirathan]

Follow-up: #5709