Climate control trigger, lambdas in binary sensor delay filters, deduplicator helper changes

[dudanov]

What does this implement/fix?

1. Lambda functions in a trigger climate.on_control now get a reference to the control object ClimateCall, which can be modified. It useful, for example, implement automatic condensate purge at shutdown.

climate:
  - platform: ...
    on_control:
      - lambda: |-
          if (x.get_mode() != CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
              id(turnoff_script).stop();
              return;
          }
          if (id(condensate_sensor).state) {
              id(turnoff_script).execute();
              x.set_mode(CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY);
          }

2. Binary sensor delay filters now can be configured with template parameters similar to the delay action.

binary_sensor:
  - platform: ...
    filters:
      - delayed_on_off: !lambda "return id(drying_delay).state * 1000;"

3. Changed the deduplicator class by applying the optional<T> class. Added a method optional<std::pair<T, T>> next_change(const T &value) for returning a optional pair of (previous, current) values.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#3030

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[probot-esphome]

Hey there @esphome/core, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (binary_sensor) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
Hey there @esphome/core, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (climate) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
_{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}

[ssieb]

Don't combine multiple changes in one PR. Each one needs to be separate, especially since these are all potentially controversial changes.

[dudanov]

Don't combine multiple changes in one PR. Each one needs to be separate, especially since these are all potentially controversial changes.

Thank you for your advice. Corrected. Divided into three PRs:

1. Fix binary_sensor initial state filters bug #5026
2. climate triggers Climate and ClimateCall references #5028
3. binary_sensor filters templatable delays #5029