tweak Centralization policy:

-reduce research bonus
-always-active penalties (not capital stability dependent)
-higher distance or disconnected stability penalities
-comments in script

default/scripting/common/upkeep.macros

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ SHIP_PART_COST_MULTIPLIER
 
 COLONIZATION_POLICY_MULTIPLIER
 '''(1
-    - 0.3*(Statistic If condition = And [Source EmpireHasAdoptedPolicy empire = Source.Owner name = "PLC_COLONIZATION"])
+    - 0.5*(Statistic If condition = And [Source EmpireHasAdoptedPolicy empire = Source.Owner name = "PLC_COLONIZATION"])
     + 0.5*(Statistic If condition = And [Source EmpireHasAdoptedPolicy empire = Source.Owner name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION"])
 )
 '''

default/scripting/policies/CENTRALIZATION.focs.txt

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Policy
     effectsgroups = [
         [[SPECIES_LIKES_OR_DISLIKES_POLICY_STABILITY_EFFECTS]]
 
+        // capital bonuses
         EffectsGroup
             scope = And [
                 Capital
@@ -24,15 +25,25 @@ Policy
                                  value = 0.5 * [[INDUSTRY_PER_POP]])
                 SetTargetResearch value = Value + Target.Population
                     * (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_TARGET_RESEARCH_PERPOP"
-                                 value = 0.5 * [[RESEARCH_PER_POP]])
+                                 value = 0.3 * [[RESEARCH_PER_POP]])
                 SetTargetConstruction value = Value
                     + (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_TARGET_CONSTRUCTION_FLAT" value = 10)
+            ]
+
+        // capital penalties
+        EffectsGroup
+            scope = And [
+                Capital
+                OwnedBy empire = Source.Owner
+            ]
+            effects = [
                 SetMaxSupply value = Value
                     + (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_MAX_SUPPLY_FLAT" value = -2)
                 SetMaxStockpile value = Value
                     + (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_MAX_STOCKPILE_FLAT" value = -2)
             ]
 
+        // penalty to populated planets that are not supply-connected to the empire capital
         EffectsGroup
             scope = And [
                 Planet
@@ -45,8 +56,9 @@ Policy
                 ]
             ]
             effects = SetTargetInfluence value = Value
-                        + (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_TARGET_INFLUENCE_FLAT" value = -3)
+                        + (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_TARGET_INFLUENCE_FLAT" value = -4)
 
+        // penalty to planets that are supply connected to the capital
         EffectsGroup
             scope = And [
                 Planet
@@ -60,8 +72,8 @@ Policy
                 Not Capital
             ]
             effects = SetTargetInfluence value = Value + max(
-                        (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_TARGET_INFLUENCE_MAX" value = -3),
-                        (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_TARGET_INFLUENCE_PERJUMP" value = -0.2)
+                        (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_TARGET_INFLUENCE_MAX" value = -4),
+                        (NamedReal name = "PLC_CENTRALIZATION_TARGET_INFLUENCE_PERJUMP" value = -0.5)
                             * JumpsBetween object = Source.ID object = Target.ID)
     ]
     graphic = "icons/policies/centralization.png"