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OperatorsDH

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Operators (D to H)


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Definition

Operators in the GAML language are used to compose complex expressions. An operator performs a function on one, two, or n operands (which are other expressions and thus may be themselves composed of operators) and returns the result of this function.

Most of them use a classical prefixed functional syntax (i.e. operator_name(operand1, operand2, operand3), see below), with the exception of arithmetic (e.g. +, /), logical (and, or), comparison (e.g. >, <), access (., [..]) and pair (::) operators, which require an infixed notation (i.e. operand1 operator_symbol operand1).

The ternary functional if-else operator, ? :, uses a special infixed syntax composed with two symbols (e.g. operand1 ? operand2 : operand3). Two unary operators (- and !) use a traditional prefixed syntax that does not require parentheses unless the operand is itself a complex expression (e.g. - 10, ! (operand1 or operand2)).

Finally, special constructor operators ({...} for constructing points, [...] for constructing lists and maps) will require their operands to be placed between their two symbols (e.g. {1,2,3}, [operand1, operand2, ..., operandn] or [key1::value1, key2::value2... keyn::valuen]).

With the exception of these special cases above, the following rules apply to the syntax of operators:

  • if they only have one operand, the functional prefixed syntax is mandatory (e.g. operator_name(operand1))
  • if they have two arguments, either the functional prefixed syntax (e.g. operator_name(operand1, operand2)) or the infixed syntax (e.g. operand1 operator_name operand2) can be used.
  • if they have more than two arguments, either the functional prefixed syntax (e.g. operator_name(operand1, operand2, ..., operand)) or a special infixed syntax with the first operand on the left-hand side of the operator name (e.g. operand1 operator_name(operand2, ..., operand)) can be used.

All of these alternative syntaxes are completely equivalent.

Operators in GAML are purely functional, i.e. they are guaranteed to not have any side effects on their operands. For instance, the shuffle operator, which randomizes the positions of elements in a list, does not modify its list operand but returns a new shuffled list.


Priority between operators

The priority of operators determines, in the case of complex expressions composed of several operators, which one(s) will be evaluated first.

GAML follows in general the traditional priorities attributed to arithmetic, boolean, comparison operators, with some twists. Namely:

  • the constructor operators, like ::, used to compose pairs of operands, have the lowest priority of all operators (e.g. a > b :: b > c will return a pair of boolean values, which means that the two comparisons are evaluated before the operator applies. Similarly, [a > 10, b > 5] will return a list of boolean values.
  • it is followed by the ?: operator, the functional if-else (e.g. a > b ? a + 10 : a - 10 will return the result of the if-else).
  • next are the logical operators, and and or (e.g. a > b or b > c will return the value of the test)
  • next are the comparison operators (i.e. >, <, <=, >=, =, !=)
  • next the arithmetic operators in their logical order (multiplicative operators have a higher priority than additive operators)
  • next the unary operators - and !
  • next the access operators . and [] (e.g. {1,2,3}.x > 20 + {4,5,6}.y will return the result of the comparison between the x and y ordinates of the two points)
  • and finally the functional operators, which have the highest priority of all.

Using actions as operators

Actions defined in species can be used as operators, provided they are called on the correct agent. The syntax is that of normal functional operators, but the agent that will perform the action must be added as the first operand.

For instance, if the following species is defined:

species spec1 {
        int min(int x, int y) {
                return x > y ? x : y;
        }
}

Any agent instance of spec1 can use min as an operator (if the action conflicts with an existing operator, a warning will be emitted). For instance, in the same model, the following line is perfectly acceptable:

global {
        init {
                create spec1;
                spec1 my_agent <- spec1[0];
                int the_min <- my_agent min(10,20); // or min(my_agent, 10, 20);
        }
}

If the action doesn't have any operands, the syntax to use is my_agent the_action(). Finally, if it does not return a value, it might still be used but is considering as returning a value of type unknown (e.g. unknown result <- my_agent the_action(op1, op2);).

Note that due to the fact that actions are written by modelers, the general functional contract is not respected in that case: actions might perfectly have side effects on their operands (including the agent).


Table of Contents


Operators by categories


3D

box, cone3D, cube, cylinder, hexagon, pyramid, set_z, sphere, teapot,


Arithmetic operators

-, /, ^, *, +, abs, acos, asin, atan, atan2, ceil, cos, cos_rad, div, even, exp, fact, floor, hypot, is_finite, is_number, ln, log, mod, round, signum, sin, sin_rad, sqrt, tan, tan_rad, tanh, with_precision,


BDI

add_values, and, eval_when, get_about, get_agent, get_agent_cause, get_belief_op, get_belief_with_name_op, get_beliefs_op, get_beliefs_with_name_op, get_current_intention_op, get_decay, get_desire_op, get_desire_with_name_op, get_desires_op, get_desires_with_name_op, get_dominance, get_familiarity, get_ideal_op, get_ideal_with_name_op, get_ideals_op, get_ideals_with_name_op, get_intensity, get_intention_op, get_intention_with_name_op, get_intentions_op, get_intentions_with_name_op, get_lifetime, get_liking, get_modality, get_obligation_op, get_obligation_with_name_op, get_obligations_op, get_obligations_with_name_op, get_plan_name, get_predicate, get_solidarity, get_strength, get_super_intention, get_trust, get_truth, get_uncertainties_op, get_uncertainties_with_name_op, get_uncertainty_op, get_uncertainty_with_name_op, get_values, has_belief_op, has_belief_with_name_op, has_desire_op, has_desire_with_name_op, has_ideal_op, has_ideal_with_name_op, has_intention_op, has_intention_with_name_op, has_obligation_op, has_obligation_with_name_op, has_uncertainty_op, has_uncertainty_with_name_op, new_emotion, new_mental_state, new_predicate, new_social_link, not, or, set_about, set_agent, set_agent_cause, set_decay, set_dominance, set_familiarity, set_intensity, set_lifetime, set_liking, set_modality, set_predicate, set_solidarity, set_strength, set_trust, set_truth, with_values,


Casting operators

as, as_int, as_matrix, deserialize, field_with, font, from_gaml, from_json, is, is_skill, list_with, matrix_with, serialize, species_of, to_gaml, to_geojson, to_json, to_list, with_size, with_style,


Color-related operators

-, /, *, +, blend, brewer_colors, brewer_palettes, gradient, grayscale, hsb, mean, median, palette, rgb, rnd_color, scale, sum, to_hsb,


Comparison operators

!=, <, <=, =, >, >=, between,


Containers-related operators

-, ::, +, accumulate, all_match, among, at, cartesian_product, collect, contains, contains_all, contains_any, contains_key, count, empty, every, first, first_with, get, group_by, in, index_by, inter, interleave, internal_integrated_value, last, last_with, length, max, max_of, mean, mean_of, median, min, min_of, mul, none_matches, one_matches, one_of, product_of, range, remove_duplicates, reverse, shuffle, sort_by, split, split_in, split_using, sum, sum_of, union, variance_of, where, with_max_of, with_min_of,


Date-related operators

-, !=, +, <, <=, =, >, >=, after, before, between, every, milliseconds_between, minus_days, minus_hours, minus_minutes, minus_months, minus_ms, minus_weeks, minus_years, months_between, plus_days, plus_hours, plus_minutes, plus_months, plus_ms, plus_weeks, plus_years, since, to, until, years_between,


Dates


Displays

horizontal, stack, vertical,


edge

edge_between, strahler,


EDP-related operators

diff, diff2,


Files-related operators

agent_file, copy_file, crs, csv_file, delete_file, dxf_file, evaluate_sub_model, file_exists, folder, folder_exists, gaml_file, geojson_file, get, gif_file, gml_file, graph6_file, graphdimacs_file, graphdot_file, graphgexf_file, graphgml_file, graphml_file, graphtsplib_file, grid_file, image_file, is_agent, is_csv, is_dxf, is_gaml, is_geojson, is_gif, is_gml, is_graph6, is_graphdimacs, is_graphdot, is_graphgexf, is_graphgml, is_graphml, is_graphtsplib, is_grid, is_image, is_json, is_obj, is_osm, is_pgm, is_property, is_shape, is_simulation, is_svg, is_text, is_threeds, is_xml, json_file, new_folder, obj_file, osm_file, pgm_file, property_file, read, rename_file, shape_file, simulation_file, step_sub_model, svg_file, text_file, threeds_file, unzip, writable, xml_file, zip,


GamaMetaType

type_of,


GamaSVGFile

image,


Graphs-related operators

add_edge, add_node, adjacency, agent_from_geometry, all_pairs_shortest_path, alpha_index, as_distance_graph, as_edge_graph, as_intersection_graph, as_path, as_spatial_graph, beta_index, betweenness_centrality, biggest_cliques_of, connected_components_of, connectivity_index, contains_edge, contains_vertex, degree_of, directed, edge, edge_between, edge_betweenness, edges, gamma_index, generate_barabasi_albert, generate_complete_graph, generate_random_graph, generate_watts_strogatz, girvan_newman_clustering, grid_cells_to_graph, in_degree_of, in_edges_of, k_spanning_tree_clustering, label_propagation_clustering, layout_circle, layout_force, layout_force_FR, layout_force_FR_indexed, layout_grid, load_shortest_paths, main_connected_component, max_flow_between, maximal_cliques_of, nb_cycles, neighbors_of, node, nodes, out_degree_of, out_edges_of, path_between, paths_between, predecessors_of, remove_node_from, rewire_n, source_of, spatial_graph, strahler, successors_of, sum, target_of, undirected, use_cache, weight_of, with_k_shortest_path_algorithm, with_shortest_path_algorithm, with_weights,


Grid-related operators

as_4_grid, as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid, cell_at, cells_in, cells_overlapping, field, grid_at, neighbors_of, path_between, points_in, values_in,


ImageOperators

*, antialiased, blend, blurred, brighter, clipped_with, darker, grayscale, horizontal_flip, image, matrix, rotated_by, sharpened, snapshot, tinted_with, vertical_flip, with_height, with_size, with_width,


Iterator operators

accumulate, all_match, as_map, collect, count, create_map, first_with, frequency_of, group_by, index_by, last_with, max_of, mean_of, min_of, none_matches, one_matches, product_of, sort_by, sum_of, variance_of, where, where, where, with_max_of, with_min_of,


List-related operators

all_indexes_of, copy_between, index_of, last_index_of,


Logical operators

:, !, ?, add_3Dmodel, add_geometry, add_icon, and, or, xor,


Map comparaison operators

fuzzy_kappa, fuzzy_kappa_sim, kappa, kappa_sim, percent_absolute_deviation,


Map-related operators

as_map, create_map, index_of, last_index_of,


Matrix-related operators

-, /, ., *, +, append_horizontally, append_vertically, column_at, columns_list, determinant, eigenvalues, flatten, index_of, inverse, last_index_of, row_at, rows_list, shuffle, trace, transpose,


multicriteria operators

electre_DM, evidence_theory_DM, fuzzy_choquet_DM, promethee_DM, weighted_means_DM,


Path-related operators

agent_from_geometry, all_pairs_shortest_path, as_path, load_shortest_paths, max_flow_between, path_between, path_to, paths_between, use_cache,


Pedestrian

generate_pedestrian_network,


Points-related operators

-, /, *, +, <, <=, >, >=, add_point, angle_between, any_location_in, centroid, closest_points_with, farthest_point_to, grid_at, norm, points_along, points_at, points_on,


Random operators

binomial, exp_density, exp_rnd, flip, gamma_density, gamma_rnd, gamma_trunc_rnd, gauss, generate_terrain, lognormal_density, lognormal_rnd, lognormal_trunc_rnd, poisson, rnd, rnd_choice, sample, shuffle, skew_gauss, truncated_gauss, weibull_density, weibull_rnd, weibull_trunc_rnd,


Shape

arc, box, circle, cone, cone3D, cross, cube, curve, cylinder, ellipse, elliptical_arc, envelope, geometry_collection, hexagon, line, link, plan, polygon, polyhedron, pyramid, rectangle, sphere, square, squircle, teapot, triangle,


Spatial operators

-, *, +, add_point, agent_closest_to, agent_farthest_to, agents_at_distance, agents_covering, agents_crossing, agents_inside, agents_overlapping, agents_partially_overlapping, agents_touching, angle_between, any_location_in, arc, around, as_4_grid, as_driving_graph, as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid, at_distance, at_location, box, centroid, circle, clean, clean_network, closest_points_with, closest_to, cone, cone3D, convex_hull, covering, covers, cross, crosses, crossing, crs, CRS_transform, cube, curve, cylinder, direction_between, disjoint_from, distance_between, distance_to, ellipse, elliptical_arc, envelope, farthest_point_to, farthest_to, geometry_collection, gini, hexagon, hierarchical_clustering, IDW, inside, inter, intersects, inverse_rotation, k_nearest_neighbors, line, link, masked_by, moran, neighbors_at, neighbors_of, normalized_rotation, overlapping, overlaps, partially_overlapping, partially_overlaps, path_between, path_to, plan, points_along, points_at, points_on, polygon, polyhedron, pyramid, rectangle, rotated_by, rotation_composition, round, scaled_to, set_z, simple_clustering_by_distance, simplification, skeletonize, smooth, sphere, split_at, split_geometry, split_lines, square, squircle, teapot, to_GAMA_CRS, to_rectangles, to_segments, to_squares, to_sub_geometries, touches, touching, towards, transformed_by, translated_by, triangle, triangulate, union, using, voronoi, with_precision, without_holes,


Spatial properties operators

covers, crosses, intersects, partially_overlaps, touches,


Spatial queries operators

agent_closest_to, agent_farthest_to, agents_at_distance, agents_covering, agents_crossing, agents_inside, agents_overlapping, agents_partially_overlapping, agents_touching, at_distance, closest_to, covering, crossing, farthest_to, inside, neighbors_at, neighbors_of, overlapping, partially_overlapping, touching,


Spatial relations operators

direction_between, distance_between, distance_to, path_between, path_to, towards,


Spatial statistical operators

hierarchical_clustering, k_nearest_neighbors, simple_clustering_by_distance,


Spatial transformations operators

-, *, +, as_4_grid, as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid, at_location, clean, clean_network, convex_hull, CRS_transform, inverse_rotation, normalized_rotation, rotated_by, rotation_composition, scaled_to, simplification, skeletonize, smooth, split_geometry, split_lines, to_GAMA_CRS, to_rectangles, to_segments, to_squares, to_sub_geometries, transformed_by, translated_by, triangulate, voronoi, with_precision, without_holes,


Species-related operators

index_of, last_index_of, of_generic_species, of_species,


Statistical operators

auto_correlation, beta, binomial_coeff, binomial_complemented, binomial_sum, build, chi_square, chi_square_complemented, correlation, covariance, dbscan, distribution_of, distribution2d_of, dtw, durbin_watson, frequency_of, gamma, gamma_distribution, gamma_distribution_complemented, geometric_mean, gini, harmonic_mean, hierarchical_clustering, incomplete_beta, incomplete_gamma, incomplete_gamma_complement, k_nearest_neighbors, kmeans, kurtosis, log_gamma, max, mean, mean_deviation, median, min, moment, moran, morrisAnalysis, mul, normal_area, normal_density, normal_inverse, predict, pValue_for_fStat, pValue_for_tStat, quantile, quantile_inverse, rank_interpolated, residuals, rms, rSquare, simple_clustering_by_distance, skewness, sobolAnalysis, split, split_in, split_using, standard_deviation, student_area, student_t_inverse, sum, t_test, variance,


Strings-related operators

+, <, <=, >, >=, at, capitalize, char, compress, contains, contains_all, contains_any, copy_between, date, empty, first, in, indented_by, index_of, is_number, last, last_index_of, length, lower_case, regex_matches, replace, replace_regex, reverse, sample, shuffle, split_with, string, uncompress, upper_case,


SubModel

load_sub_model,


System

., choose, command, copy, copy_from_clipboard, copy_to_clipboard, copy_to_clipboard, dead, enter, every, from_gaml, is_error, is_reachable, is_warning, play_sound, user_confirm, user_input_dialog, wizard, wizard_page,


Time-related operators

date, string,


Types-related operators

action, agent, BDIPlan, bool, container, conversation, directory, emotion, file, float, gaml_type, geometry, graph, int, kml, list, map, matrix, mental_state, message, Norm, pair, path, point, predicate, regression, rgb, Sanction, skill, social_link, species, topology, unknown,


User control operators

choose, enter, user_confirm, user_input_dialog, wizard, wizard_page,


Operators


darker

Possible uses:

  • darker (image) ---> image
  • image darker float ---> image
  • darker (image , float) ---> image

Result:

Used to return an image 10% darker. This operation can be applied multiple times in a row if greater than 10% changes in brightness are desired. Used to return an image darker by a percentage (between 0 - no change - and 1 - 100% darker). If the percentage is below zero or abovde 1, returns the image untouched


date

Possible uses:

  • string date string ---> date
  • date (string , string) ---> date
  • date (string, string, string) ---> date

Result:

converts a string to a date following a custom pattern. The pattern can use "%Y %M %N %D %E %h %m %s %z" for outputting years, months, name of month, days, name of days, hours, minutes, seconds and the time-zone. A null or empty pattern will parse the date using one of the ISO date & time formats (similar to date('...') in that case). The pattern can also follow the pattern definition found here, which gives much more control over what will be parsed: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/time/format/DateTimeFormatter.html#patterns. Different patterns are available by default as constant: #iso_local, #iso_simple, #iso_offset, #iso_zoned and #custom, which can be changed in the preferences

Special cases:

  • In addition to the date and pattern string operands, a specific locale (e.g. 'fr', 'en'...) can be added.
date d <- date("1999-january-30", 'yyyy-MMMM-dd', 'en');

Examples:

date den <- date("1999-12-30", 'yyyy-MM-dd');

dbscan

Possible uses:

  • dbscan (list, float, int) ---> list<list>

Result:

returns the list of clusters (list of instance indices) computed with the dbscan (density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) algorithm from the first operand data according to the maximum radius of the neighborhood to be considered (eps) and the minimum number of points needed for a cluster (minPts). Usage: dbscan(data,eps,minPoints)

Special cases:

  • if the lengths of two vectors in the right-hand aren't equal, returns 0

Examples:

list<list> var0 <- dbscan ([[2,4,5], [3,8,2], [1,1,3], [4,3,4]],10,2); // var0 equals [[0,1,2,3]]

dead

Possible uses:

  • dead (agent) ---> bool

Result:

true if the agent is dead (or null), false otherwise.

Examples:

bool var0 <- dead(agent_A); // var0 equals true or false

decompress

Same signification as uncompress


degree_of

Possible uses:

  • graph degree_of unknown ---> int
  • degree_of (graph , unknown) ---> int

Result:

returns the degree (in+out) of a vertex (right-hand operand) in the graph given as left-hand operand.

Examples:

int var1 <- graphFromMap degree_of (node(3)); // var1 equals 3

See also: in_degree_of, out_degree_of,


delete_file

Possible uses:

  • delete_file (string) ---> bool

Result:

delete a file or a folder

Examples:

bool delete_file_ok <- delete_file(["../includes/my_folder"];

deserialize

Possible uses:

  • deserialize (string) ---> unknown

Result:

Deserializes an object precedently serialized using serialize or to_binary.It is safer to deserialize agents or simulations with the 'restore' or 'create' statements rather than with this operator.

See also: from_gaml, from_json,


det

Same signification as determinant


determinant

Possible uses:

  • determinant (matrix) ---> float

Result:

The determinant of the given matrix

Examples:

float var0 <- determinant(matrix([[1,2],[3,4]])); // var0 equals -2

diff

Possible uses:

  • float diff float ---> float
  • diff (float , float) ---> float

Result:

A placeholder function for expressing equations


diff2

Possible uses:

  • float diff2 float ---> float
  • diff2 (float , float) ---> float

Result:

A placeholder function for expressing equations


directed

Possible uses:

  • directed (graph) ---> graph

Result:

the operand graph becomes a directed graph.

Comment:

WARNING / side effect: this operator modifies the operand and does not create a new graph.

See also: undirected,


direction_between

Possible uses:

  • topology direction_between container<unknown,geometry> ---> float
  • direction_between (topology , container<unknown,geometry>) ---> float

Result:

A direction (in degree) between a list of two geometries (geometries, agents, points) considering a topology.

Examples:

float var0 <- my_topology direction_between [ag1, ag2]; // var0 equals the direction between ag1 and ag2 considering the topology my_topology

See also: towards, direction_to, distance_to, distance_between, path_between, path_to,


direction_to

Same signification as towards


directory

Possible uses:

  • directory (any) ---> directory

Result:

casts the operand in a directory object.


disjoint_from

Possible uses:

  • geometry disjoint_from geometry ---> bool
  • disjoint_from (geometry , geometry) ---> bool

Result:

A boolean, equal to true if the left-geometry (or agent/point) is disjoints from the right-geometry (or agent/point).

Special cases:

  • if one of the operand is null, returns true.
  • if one operand is a point, returns false if the point is included in the geometry.

Examples:

bool var0 <- polyline([{10,10},{20,20}]) disjoint_from polyline([{15,15},{25,25}]); // var0 equals false 
bool var1 <- polygon([{10,10},{10,20},{20,20},{20,10}]) disjoint_from polygon([{15,15},{15,25},{25,25},{25,15}]); // var1 equals false 
bool var2 <- polygon([{10,10},{10,20},{20,20},{20,10}]) disjoint_from {25,25}; // var2 equals true 
bool var3 <- polygon([{10,10},{10,20},{20,20},{20,10}]) disjoint_from polygon([{35,35},{35,45},{45,45},{45,35}]); // var3 equals true

See also: intersects, crosses, overlaps, partially_overlaps, touches,


distance_between

Possible uses:

  • topology distance_between container<unknown,geometry> ---> float
  • distance_between (topology , container<unknown,geometry>) ---> float

Result:

A distance between a list of geometries (geometries, agents, points) considering a topology.

Examples:

float var0 <- my_topology distance_between [ag1, ag2, ag3]; // var0 equals the distance between ag1, ag2 and ag3 considering the topology my_topology

See also: towards, direction_to, distance_to, direction_between, path_between, path_to,


distance_to

Possible uses:

  • point distance_to point ---> float
  • distance_to (point , point) ---> float
  • geometry distance_to geometry ---> float
  • distance_to (geometry , geometry) ---> float

Result:

A distance between two geometries (geometries, agents or points) considering the topology of the agent applying the operator.

Examples:

float var0 <- ag1 distance_to ag2; // var0 equals the distance between ag1 and ag2 considering the topology of the agent applying the operator

See also: towards, direction_to, distance_between, direction_between, path_between, path_to,


distinct

Same signification as remove_duplicates


distribution_of

Possible uses:

  • distribution_of (container) ---> map
  • container distribution_of int ---> map
  • distribution_of (container , int) ---> map
  • distribution_of (container, int, float, float) ---> map

Result:

Discretize a list of values into n bins (computes the bins from a numerical variable into n (default 10) bins. Returns a distribution map with the values (values key), the interval legends (legend key), the distribution parameters (params keys, for cumulative charts). Parameters can be (list), (list, nbbins) or (list,nbbins,valmin,valmax)

Examples:

map var0 <- distribution_of([1,1,2,12.5]); // var0 equals map(['values'::[2,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],'legend'::['[0.0:2.0]','[2.0:4.0]','[4.0:6.0]','[6.0:8.0]','[8.0:10.0]','[10.0:12.0]','[12.0:14.0]','[14.0:16.0]','[16.0:18.0]','[18.0:20.0]'],'parlist'::[1,0]]) 
map var1 <- distribution_of([1,1,2,12.5]); // var1 equals map(['values'::[2,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],'legend'::['[0.0:2.0]','[2.0:4.0]','[4.0:6.0]','[6.0:8.0]','[8.0:10.0]','[10.0:12.0]','[12.0:14.0]','[14.0:16.0]','[16.0:18.0]','[18.0:20.0]'],'parlist'::[1,0]]) 
map var2 <- distribution_of([1,1,2,12.5],10); // var2 equals map(['values'::[2,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],'legend'::['[0.0:2.0]','[2.0:4.0]','[4.0:6.0]','[6.0:8.0]','[8.0:10.0]','[10.0:12.0]','[12.0:14.0]','[14.0:16.0]','[16.0:18.0]','[18.0:20.0]'],'parlist'::[1,0]])

See also: as_map,


distribution2d_of

Possible uses:

  • container distribution2d_of container ---> map
  • distribution2d_of (container , container) ---> map
  • distribution2d_of (container, container, int, int) ---> map
  • distribution2d_of (container, container, int, float, float, int, float, float) ---> map

Result:

Discretize two lists of values into n bins (computes the bins from a numerical variable into n (default 10) bins. Returns a distribution map with the values (values key), the interval legends (legend key), the distribution parameters (params keys, for cumulative charts). Parameters can be (list), (list, nbbins) or (list,nbbins,valmin,valmax)

Examples:

map var0 <- distribution2d_of([1,1,2,12.5],10); // var0 equals map(['values'::[2,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],'legend'::['[0.0:2.0]','[2.0:4.0]','[4.0:6.0]','[6.0:8.0]','[8.0:10.0]','[10.0:12.0]','[12.0:14.0]','[14.0:16.0]','[16.0:18.0]','[18.0:20.0]'],'parlist'::[1,0]]) 
map var1 <- distribution2d_of([1,1,2,12.5]); // var1 equals map(['values'::[2,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],'legend'::['[0.0:2.0]','[2.0:4.0]','[4.0:6.0]','[6.0:8.0]','[8.0:10.0]','[10.0:12.0]','[12.0:14.0]','[14.0:16.0]','[16.0:18.0]','[18.0:20.0]'],'parlist'::[1,0]]) 
map var2 <- distribution2d_of([1,1,2,12.5],10); // var2 equals map(['values'::[2,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],'legend'::['[0.0:2.0]','[2.0:4.0]','[4.0:6.0]','[6.0:8.0]','[8.0:10.0]','[10.0:12.0]','[12.0:14.0]','[14.0:16.0]','[16.0:18.0]','[18.0:20.0]'],'parlist'::[1,0]])

See also: as_map,


div

Possible uses:

  • int div float ---> int
  • div (int , float) ---> int
  • float div float ---> int
  • div (float , float) ---> int
  • int div int ---> int
  • div (int , int) ---> int
  • float div int ---> int
  • div (float , int) ---> int

Result:

Returns the truncation of the division of the left-hand operand by the right-hand operand.

Special cases:

  • if the right-hand operand is equal to zero, raises an exception.

Examples:

int var0 <- 40 div 4.1; // var0 equals 9 
int var1 <- 40.1 div 4.5; // var1 equals 8 
int var2 <- 40 div 3; // var2 equals 13 
int var3 <- 40.5 div 3; // var3 equals 13

See also: mod,


dnorm

Same signification as normal_density


dtw

Possible uses:

  • list dtw list ---> float
  • dtw (list , list) ---> float
  • dtw (list, list, int) ---> float

Result:

returns the dynamic time warping between the two series of values (step pattern used: symetric1) returns the dynamic time warping between the two series of values (step pattern used: symetric1) with Sakoe-Chiba band (radius: the window width of Sakoe-Chiba band)

Examples:

float var0 <- dtw([32.0,5.0,1.0,3.0],[1.0,10.0,5.0,1.0]); // var0 equals 38.0 
float var1 <- dtw([10.0,5.0,1.0, 3.0],[1.0,10.0,5.0,1.0], 2); // var1 equals 11.0

durbin_watson

Possible uses:

  • durbin_watson (container) ---> float

Result:

Durbin-Watson computation

Examples:

float var0 <- durbin_watson([13,2,1,4,1,2]) with_precision(4); // var0 equals 0.7231

dxf_file

Possible uses:

  • dxf_file (string) ---> file
  • string dxf_file float ---> file
  • dxf_file (string , float) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type dxf. Allowed extensions are limited to dxf

Special cases:

  • dxf_file(string): This file constructor allows to read a dxf (.dxf) file
file f <- dxf_file("file.dxf");
  • dxf_file(string,float): This file constructor allows to read a dxf (.dxf) file and specify the unit (meter by default)
file f <- dxf_file("file.dxf",#m);

See also: is_dxf,


edge

Possible uses:

  • edge (unknown) ---> unknown
  • edge (pair) ---> unknown
  • pair edge int ---> unknown
  • edge (pair , int) ---> unknown
  • unknown edge unknown ---> unknown
  • edge (unknown , unknown) ---> unknown
  • unknown edge int ---> unknown
  • edge (unknown , int) ---> unknown
  • unknown edge float ---> unknown
  • edge (unknown , float) ---> unknown
  • pair edge float ---> unknown
  • edge (pair , float) ---> unknown
  • edge (unknown, unknown, int) ---> unknown
  • edge (pair, unknown, float) ---> unknown
  • edge (pair, unknown, int) ---> unknown
  • edge (unknown, unknown, float) ---> unknown
  • edge (unknown, unknown, unknown) ---> unknown
  • edge (unknown, unknown, unknown, float) ---> unknown
  • edge (unknown, unknown, unknown, int) ---> unknown

Result:

Allows to create a wrapper (of type unknown) that wraps two objects and indicates they should be considered as the source and the target of a new edge of a graph. The third (omissible) parameter indicates which weight this edge should have in the graph

Comment:

Useful only in graph-related operations (addition, removal of edges, creation of graphs)


edge_between

Possible uses:

  • graph edge_between pair ---> unknown
  • edge_between (graph , pair) ---> unknown

Result:

returns the edge linking two nodes

Examples:

unknown var0 <- graphFromMap edge_between node1::node2; // var0 equals edge1

See also: out_edges_of, in_edges_of,


edge_betweenness

Possible uses:

  • edge_betweenness (graph) ---> map

Result:

returns a map containing for each edge (key), its betweenness centrality (value): number of shortest paths passing through each edge

Examples:

graph graphEpidemio <- graph([]); 
map var1 <- edge_betweenness(graphEpidemio); // var1 equals the edge betweenness index of the graph

edges

Possible uses:

  • edges (container) ---> container

Result:

Allows to create a wrapper (of type list) that wraps a list of objects and indicates they should be considered as edges of a graph


eigenvalues

Possible uses:

  • eigenvalues (matrix) ---> list<float>

Result:

The list of the eigen values of the given matrix

Examples:

list<float> var0 <- eigenvalues(matrix([[5,-3],[6,-4]])); // var0 equals [2.0000000000000004,-0.9999999999999998]

electre_DM

Possible uses:

  • electre_DM (list<list>, list<map<string,unknown>>, float) ---> int

Result:

The index of the best candidate according to a method based on the ELECTRE methods. The principle of the ELECTRE methods is to compare the possible candidates by pair. These methods analyses the possible outranking relation existing between two candidates. A candidate outranks another if this one is at least as good as the other one. The ELECTRE methods are based on two concepts: the concordance and the discordance. The concordance characterizes the fact that, for an outranking relation to be validated, a sufficient majority of criteria should be in favor of this assertion. The discordance characterizes the fact that, for an outranking relation to be validated, none of the criteria in the minority should oppose too strongly this assertion. These two conditions must be true for validating the outranking assertion. More information about the ELECTRE methods can be found in Figueira, J., Mousseau, V., Roy, B.: ELECTRE Methods. In: Figueira, J., Greco, S., and Ehrgott, M., (Eds.), Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: State of the Art Surveys, Springer, New York, 133--162 (2005). The first operand is the list of candidates (a candidate is a list of criterion values); the second operand the list of criterion: A criterion is a map that contains fives elements: a name, a weight, a preference value (p), an indifference value (q) and a veto value (v). The preference value represents the threshold from which the difference between two criterion values allows to prefer one vector of values over another. The indifference value represents the threshold from which the difference between two criterion values is considered significant. The veto value represents the threshold from which the difference between two criterion values disqualifies the candidate that obtained the smaller value; the last operand is the fuzzy cut.

Special cases:

  • returns -1 is the list of candidates is nil or empty

Examples:

int var0 <- electre_DM([[1.0, 7.0],[4.0,2.0],[3.0, 3.0]], [["name"::"utility", "weight" :: 2.0,"p"::0.5, "q"::0.0, "s"::1.0, "maximize" :: true],["name"::"price", "weight" :: 1.0,"p"::0.5, "q"::0.0, "s"::1.0, "maximize" :: false]],0.7); // var0 equals 0

See also: weighted_means_DM, promethee_DM, evidence_theory_DM,


ellipse

Possible uses:

  • float ellipse float ---> geometry
  • ellipse (float , float) ---> geometry

Result:

An ellipse geometry which x-radius is equal to the first operand and y-radius is equal to the second operand

Comment:

the center of the ellipse is by default the location of the current agent in which has been called this operator.

Special cases:

  • returns a point if both operands are lower or equal to 0, a line if only one is.

Examples:

geometry var0 <- ellipse(10, 10); // var0 equals a geometry as an ellipse of width 10 and height 10.

See also: around, cone, line, link, norm, point, polygon, polyline, rectangle, square, circle, squircle, triangle,


elliptical_arc

Possible uses:

  • elliptical_arc (point, point, float, int) ---> geometry

Result:

An elliptical arc from the first operand (point) to the second operand (point), which radius is equal to the third operand, and a int giving the number of points to use as a last operand

Examples:

geometry var0 <- elliptical_arc({0,0},{10,10},5.0, 20); // var0 equals a geometry from {0,0} to {10,10} considering a radius of 5.0 built using 20 points

See also: arc, around, cone, line, link, norm, point, polygon, polyline, super_ellipse, rectangle, square, circle, ellipse, triangle,


emotion

Possible uses:

  • emotion (any) ---> emotion

Result:

casts the operand in a emotion object.


empty

Possible uses:

  • empty (string) ---> bool
  • empty (container<KeyType,ValueType>) ---> bool

Result:

true if the operand is empty, false otherwise.

Comment:

the empty operator behavior depends on the nature of the operand

Special cases:

  • if it is a map, empty returns true if the map contains no key-value mappings, and false otherwise
  • if it is a file, empty returns true if the content of the file (that is also a container) is empty, and false otherwise
  • if it is a population, empty returns true if there is no agent in the population, and false otherwise
  • if it is a graph, empty returns true if it contains no vertex and no edge, and false otherwise
  • if it is a matrix of int, float or object, it will return true if all elements are respectively 0, 0.0 or null, and false otherwise
  • if it is a matrix of geometry, it will return true if the matrix contains no cell, and false otherwise
  • if it is a string, empty returns true if the string does not contain any character, and false otherwise
bool var0 <- empty ('abced'); // var0 equals false
  • if it is a list, empty returns true if there is no element in the list, and false otherwise
bool var1 <- empty([]); // var1 equals true

enlarged_by

Same signification as +


enter

Possible uses:

  • string enter bool ---> unknown
  • enter (string , bool) ---> unknown
  • string enter string ---> unknown
  • enter (string , string) ---> unknown
  • string enter any GAML type ---> unknown
  • enter (string , any GAML type) ---> unknown
  • string enter float ---> unknown
  • enter (string , float) ---> unknown
  • string enter int ---> unknown
  • enter (string , int) ---> unknown
  • string enter unknown ---> unknown
  • enter (string , unknown) ---> unknown
  • enter (string, any GAML type, unknown) ---> unknown
  • enter (string, int, int, int) ---> unknown
  • enter (string, float, float, float) ---> unknown
  • enter (string, float, float, float, float) ---> unknown
  • enter (string, int, int, int, int) ---> unknown

Result:

Allows the user to enter a string by specifying a title and an initial value

Special cases:

  • When the second operand is the boolean type or a boolean value, the GUI is then a switch
map<string,unknown> m <- user_input(enter("Title",true)); 
map<string,unknown> m2 <- user_input(enter("Title",bool));
  • The GUI is then a slider when an init value, a min (int or float), a max (int or float) (and eventually a step (int or float) ) operands.
map resMinMax <- user_input([enter("Title",5,0)]) 
map resMinMax <- user_input([enter("Title",5,0,10)]) 
map resMMStepFF <- user_input([enter("Title",5,0.1,10.1,0.5)]);

envelope

Possible uses:

  • envelope (unknown) ---> geometry

Result:

A 3D geometry that represents the box that surrounds the geometries or the surface described by the arguments. More general than geometry(arguments).envelope, as it allows to pass int, double, point, image files, shape files, asc files, or any list combining these arguments, in which case the envelope will be correctly expanded. If an envelope cannot be determined from the arguments, a default one of dimensions (0,100, 0, 100, 0, 100) is returned

Special cases:

  • This operator is often used to define the environment of simulation

Examples:

file road_shapefile <- file("../includes/roads.shp"); 
geometry shape <- envelope(road_shapefile); 
// shape is the system variable of  the environment 
geometry var3 <- polygon([{0,0}, {20,0}, {10,10}, {10,0}]); // var3 equals create a polygon to get the envolpe 
float var4 <- envelope(polygon([{0,0}, {20,0}, {10,10}, {10,0}])).area; // var4 equals 200.0

eval_gaml

Same signification as from_gaml


eval_when

Possible uses:

  • eval_when (BDIPlan) ---> bool

Result:

evaluate the facet when of a given plan

Examples:

eval_when(plan1)

evaluate_sub_model

Possible uses:

  • agent evaluate_sub_model string ---> unknown
  • evaluate_sub_model (agent , string) ---> unknown

Result:

Load a submodel

Comment:

loaded submodel


even

Possible uses:

  • even (int) ---> bool

Result:

Returns true if the operand is even and false if it is odd.

Special cases:

  • if the operand is equal to 0, it returns true.
  • if the operand is a float, it is truncated before

Examples:

bool var0 <- even (3); // var0 equals false 
bool var1 <- even(-12); // var1 equals true

every

Possible uses:

  • every (int) ---> bool
  • every (any expression) ---> bool
  • float every int ---> float
  • every (float , int) ---> float
  • list every int ---> list
  • every (list , int) ---> list
  • int every int ---> int
  • every (int , int) ---> int
  • list every any expression ---> list<date>
  • every (list , any expression) ---> list<date>
  • bool every int ---> bool
  • every (bool , int) ---> bool
  • unknown every int ---> unknown
  • every (unknown , int) ---> unknown

Result:

returns the first float operand every 2nd operand * cycle, 0.0 otherwise Retrieves elements from the first argument every step (second argument) elements. Raises an error if the step is negative or equal to zero returns the first integer operand every 2nd operand * cycle, 0 otherwise applies a step to an interval of dates defined by 'date1 to date2'. Beware that using every with #month or #year will produce odd results,as these pseudo-constants are not constant; only the first value will be used to compute the intervals, so, for instance, if current_date is set to February#month will only represent 28 or 29 days. returns the first bool operand every 2nd operand * cycle, false otherwise true every operand * cycle, false otherwise returns the first operand every 2nd operand * cycle, nil otherwise expects a frequency (expressed in seconds of simulated time) as argument. Will return true every time the current_date matches with this frequency

Comment:

the value of the every operator depends on the cycle. It can be used to return a value every x cycle. 1000.0 every(10#cycle) is strictly equivalent to every(10#cycle) ? 1000.0 : 0.0the value of the every operator depends on the cycle. It can be used to return a value every x cycle. 1000 every(10#cycle) is strictly equivalent to every(10#cycle) ? 1000 : 0the value of the every operator depends on the cycle. It can be used to return a value every x cycle. object every(10#cycle) is strictly equivalent to every(10#cycle) ? object : falsethe value of the every operator depends on the cycle. It can be used to do something every x cycle.the value of the every operator depends on the cycle. It can be used to return a value every x cycle. object every(10#cycle) is strictly equivalent to every(10#cycle) ? object : nilUsed to do something at regular intervals of time. Can be used in conjunction with 'since', 'after', 'before', 'until' or 'between', so that this computation only takes place in the temporal segment defined by these operators. In all cases, the starting_date of the model is used as a reference starting point

Examples:

if (1000.0 every(2#cycle) != 0) {write "this is a value";} 
	     else {write "this is 0.0";} 
if (1000 every(2#cycle) != 0) {write "this is a value";} 
	     else {write "this is 0";} 
(date('2000-01-01') to date('2010-01-01')) every (#day) // builds an interval between these two dates which contains all the days starting from the beginning of the interval 
if (true every(2#cycle) != false) {write "this is true";} 
	     else {write "this is false";} 
if every(2#cycle) {write "the cycle number is even";} 
	     else {write "the cycle number is odd";} 
if ({2000,2000} every(2#cycle) != nil) {write "this is a point";} 
	     else {write "this is nil";} 
reflex when: every(2#days) since date('2000-01-01') { .. } 
state a { transition to: b when: every(2#mn);} state b { transition to: a when: every(30#s);} // This oscillatory behavior will use the starting_date of the model as its starting point in time

See also: to, since, after,


every_cycle

Same signification as every


evidence_theory_DM

Possible uses:

  • list<list> evidence_theory_DM list<map<string,unknown>> ---> int
  • evidence_theory_DM (list<list> , list<map<string,unknown>>) ---> int
  • evidence_theory_DM (list<list>, list<map<string,unknown>>, bool) ---> int

Result:

The index of the best candidate according to a method based on the Evidence theory. This theory, which was proposed by Shafer (Shafer G (1976) A mathematical theory of evidence, Princeton University Press), is based on the work of Dempster (Dempster A (1967) Upper and lower probabilities induced by multivalued mapping. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, vol. 38, pp. 325--339) on lower and upper probability distributions. The first operand is the list of candidates (a candidate is a list of criterion values); the second operand the list of criterion: A criterion is a map that contains seven elements: a name, a first threshold s1, a second threshold s2, a value for the assertion "this candidate is the best" at threshold s1 (v1p), a value for the assertion "this candidate is the best" at threshold s2 (v2p), a value for the assertion "this candidate is not the best" at threshold s1 (v1c), a value for the assertion "this candidate is not the best" at threshold s2 (v2c). v1p, v2p, v1c and v2c have to been defined in order that: v1p + v1c <= 1.0; v2p + v2c <= 1.0.; the last operand allows to use a simple version of this multi-criteria decision making method (simple if true)

Special cases:

  • returns -1 is the list of candidates is nil or empty
  • if the operator is used with only 2 operands (the candidates and the criteria), the last parameter (use simple method) is set to true

Examples:

int var0 <- evidence_theory_DM([[1.0, 7.0],[4.0,2.0],[3.0, 3.0]], [["name"::"utility", "s1" :: 0.0,"s2"::1.0, "v1p"::0.0, "v2p"::1.0, "v1c"::0.0, "v2c"::0.0, "maximize" :: true],["name"::"price",  "s1" :: 0.0,"s2"::1.0, "v1p"::0.0, "v2p"::1.0, "v1c"::0.0, "v2c"::0.0, "maximize" :: true]], false); // var0 equals 0 
int var1 <- evidence_theory_DM([[1.0, 7.0],[4.0,2.0],[3.0, 3.0]], [["name"::"utility", "s1" :: 0.0,"s2"::1.0, "v1p"::0.0, "v2p"::1.0, "v1c"::0.0, "v2c"::0.0, "maximize" :: true],["name"::"price",  "s1" :: 0.0,"s2"::1.0, "v1p"::0.0, "v2p"::1.0, "v1c"::0.0, "v2c"::0.0, "maximize" :: true]]); // var1 equals 0

See also: weighted_means_DM, electre_DM,


exp

Possible uses:

  • exp (int) ---> float
  • exp (float) ---> float

Result:

Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of the operand.

Special cases:

  • the operand is casted to a float before being evaluated.

Examples:

float var0 <- exp (0.0); // var0 equals 1.0

See also: ln,


exp_density

Possible uses:

  • float exp_density float ---> float
  • exp_density (float , float) ---> float

Result:

returns the probability density function (PDF) at the specified point x of the exponential distribution with the given rate.

Examples:

float var0 <- exp_density(5,3) ; // var0 equals 0.731

See also: binomial, gamma_rnd, gauss_rnd, lognormal_rnd, poisson, rnd, skew_gauss, lognormal_density, gamma_density,


exp_rnd

Possible uses:

  • exp_rnd (float) ---> float

Result:

returns a random value from a exponential distribution with specified values of the rate (lambda) parameters. See https://mathworld.wolfram.com/ExponentialDistribution.html for more details ).

Examples:

float var0 <- exp_rnd(5) ; // var0 equals 0.731

See also: binomial, gamma_rnd, gauss_rnd, lognormal_rnd, poisson, rnd, skew_gauss, truncated_gauss, weibull_trunc_rnd,


fact

Possible uses:

  • fact (int) ---> float

Result:

Returns the factorial of the operand.

Special cases:

  • if the operand is less than 0, fact returns 0.

Examples:

float var0 <- fact(4); // var0 equals 24

farthest_point_to

Possible uses:

  • geometry farthest_point_to point ---> point
  • farthest_point_to (geometry , point) ---> point

Result:

the farthest point of the left-operand to the left-point.

Examples:

point var0 <- geom farthest_point_to(pt); // var0 equals the farthest point of geom to pt

See also: any_location_in, any_point_in, closest_points_with, points_at,


farthest_to

Possible uses:

  • container<unknown,geometry> farthest_to geometry ---> geometry
  • farthest_to (container<unknown,geometry> , geometry) ---> geometry

Result:

An agent or a geometry among the left-operand list of agents, species or meta-population (addition of species), the farthest to the operand (casted as a geometry).

Comment:

the distance is computed in the topology of the calling agent (the agent in which this operator is used), with the distance algorithm specific to the topology.

Examples:

geometry var0 <- [ag1, ag2, ag3] closest_to(self); // var0 equals return the farthest agent among ag1, ag2 and ag3 to the agent applying the operator. 
(species1 + species2) closest_to self

See also: neighbors_at, neighbors_of, inside, overlapping, agents_overlapping, agents_inside, agent_closest_to, closest_to, agent_farthest_to,


field

Possible uses:

  • int field int ---> field
  • field (int , int) ---> field
  • unknown field float ---> field
  • field (unknown , float) ---> field
  • field (int, int, float) ---> field
  • field (int, int, float, float) ---> field

field_with

Possible uses:

  • point field_with any expression ---> field
  • field_with (point , any expression) ---> field

Result:

creates a field with a size provided by the first operand, and filled by the evaluation of the second operand for each cell

Comment:

Note that both components of the right operand point should be positive, otherwise an exception is raised.

See also: matrix, as_matrix,


file

Possible uses:

  • file (any) ---> file

Result:

casts the operand in a file object.


file_exists

Possible uses:

  • file_exists (string) ---> bool

Result:

Test whether the parameter is the path to an existing file. False if it does not exist of if it is a folder

Examples:

string file_name <-"../includes/buildings.shp"; 
if file_exists(file_name){ 
	write "File exists in the computer"; 
}

first

Possible uses:

  • first (string) ---> string
  • first (container<KeyType,ValueType>) ---> ValueType
  • int first container ---> list
  • first (int , container) ---> list

Result:

the first value of the operand

Comment:

the first operator behavior depends on the nature of the operand

Special cases:

  • if it is a map, first returns the first value of the first pair (in insertion order)
  • if it is a file, first returns the first element of the content of the file (that is also a container)
  • if it is a population, first returns the first agent of the population
  • if it is a graph, first returns the first edge (in creation order)
  • if it is a matrix, first returns the element at {0,0} in the matrix
  • for a matrix of int or float, it will return 0 if the matrix is empty
  • for a matrix of object or geometry, it will return nil if the matrix is empty
  • if it is a string, first returns a string composed of its first character
string var0 <- first ('abce'); // var0 equals 'a'
  • if it is a list, first returns the first element of the list, or nil if the list is empty
int var1 <- first ([1, 2, 3]); // var1 equals 1

See also: last,


first_of

Same signification as first


first_with

Possible uses:

  • container first_with any expression ---> unknown
  • first_with (container , any expression) ---> unknown

Result:

the first element of the left-hand operand that makes the right-hand operand evaluate to true.

Comment:

in the right-hand operand, the keyword each can be used to represent, in turn, each of the right-hand operand elements.

Special cases:

  • if the left-hand operand is nil, first_with throws an error. If there is no element that satisfies the condition, it returns nil
  • if the left-operand is a map, the keyword each will contain each value
int var4 <- [1::2, 3::4, 5::6] first_with (each >= 4); // var4 equals 4 
pair var5 <- [1::2, 3::4, 5::6].pairs first_with (each.value >= 4); // var5 equals (3::4)

Examples:

unknown var0 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] first_with (each > 3); // var0 equals 4 
unknown var2 <- g2 first_with (length(g2 out_edges_of each) = 0); // var2 equals node9 
unknown var3 <- (list(node) first_with (round(node(each).location.x) > 32); // var3 equals node2

See also: group_by, last_with, where,


flatten

Possible uses:

  • flatten (field) ---> field
  • field flatten unknown ---> field
  • flatten (field , unknown) ---> field

flip

Possible uses:

  • flip (float) ---> bool

Result:

true or false given the probability represented by the operand

Special cases:

  • flip 0 always returns false, flip 1 true

Examples:

bool var0 <- flip (0.66666); // var0 equals 2/3 chances to return true.

See also: rnd,


float

Possible uses:

  • float (any) ---> float

Result:

casts the operand in a float object.


floor

Possible uses:

  • floor (float) ---> int

Result:

Maps the operand to the largest previous following integer, i.e. the largest integer not greater than x.

Examples:

int var0 <- floor(3); // var0 equals 3 
int var1 <- floor(3.5); // var1 equals 3 
int var2 <- floor(-4.7); // var2 equals -5

See also: ceil, round,


folder

Possible uses:

  • folder (string) ---> file

Result:

opens an existing repository

Special cases:

  • If the specified string does not refer to an existing repository, an exception is risen.

Examples:

file dirT <- folder("../includes/"); 
				// dirT represents the repository "../includes/" 
				// dirT.contents here contains the list of the names of included files

See also: file, new_folder,


folder_exists

Possible uses:

  • folder_exists (string) ---> bool

Result:

Test whether the parameter is the path to an existing folder. False if it doesnt exist or if it is a file

Examples:

string file_name <-"../includes/"; 
if folder_exists(file_name){ 
	write "Folder exists in the computer"; 
}

font

Possible uses:

  • string font int ---> font
  • font (string , int) ---> font
  • font (string, int, int) ---> font

Result:

Creates a new font, by specifying its name (either a font face name like 'Lucida Grande Bold' or 'Helvetica', or a logical name like 'Dialog', 'SansSerif', 'Serif', etc.), a size in points and a style, either #bold, #italic or #plain or a combination (addition) of them.

Examples:

font var0 <- font ('Helvetica Neue',12, #bold + #italic); // var0 equals a bold and italic face of the Helvetica Neue family

frequency_of

Possible uses:

  • container frequency_of any expression ---> map
  • frequency_of (container , any expression) ---> map

Result:

Returns a map with keys equal to the application of the right-hand argument (like collect) and values equal to the frequency of this key (i.e. how many times it has been obtained)

Examples:

map var0 <- [1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 3, 4] frequency_of each; // var0 equals map([1::1,2::1,3::4,4::3,5::1])

from

Same signification as since


from_binary

Same signification as deserialize


from_gaml

Possible uses:

  • from_gaml (string) ---> unknown

Result:

Evaluates/deserialises the given GAML string into a value.

Examples:

unknown var0 <- eval_gaml("2+3"); // var0 equals 5

from_json

Possible uses:

  • from_json (string) ---> unknown

Result:

Deserializes an object precedently serialized using 'to_json' (or an arbitrary json string obtained elsewhere). Agents and populations are not supported yet (i.e. they will return maps)

See also: from_gaml, from_binary,


fuzzy_choquet_DM

Possible uses:

  • fuzzy_choquet_DM (list<list>, list<string>, map) ---> int

Result:

The index of the candidate that maximizes the Fuzzy Choquet Integral value. The first operand is the list of candidates (a candidate is a list of criterion values); the second operand the list of criterion (list of string); the third operand the weights of each sub-set of criteria (map with list for key and float for value)

Special cases:

  • returns -1 is the list of candidates is nil or empty

Examples:

int var0 <- fuzzy_choquet_DM([[1.0, 7.0],[4.0,2.0],[3.0, 3.0]], ["utility", "price", "size"],[["utility"]::0.5,["size"]::0.1,["price"]::0.4,["utility", "price"]::0.55]); // var0 equals 0

See also: promethee_DM, electre_DM, evidence_theory_DM,


fuzzy_kappa

Possible uses:

  • fuzzy_kappa (list<agent>, list<unknown>, list<unknown>, list<float>, list<unknown>, matrix<float>, float) ---> float
  • fuzzy_kappa (list<agent>, list<unknown>, list<unknown>, list<float>, list<unknown>, matrix<float>, float, list<unknown>) ---> float

Result:

fuzzy kappa indicator for 2 map comparisons: fuzzy_kappa(agents_list,list_vals1,list_vals2, output_similarity_per_agents,categories,fuzzy_categories_matrix, fuzzy_distance). Reference: Visser, H., and T. de Nijs, 2006. The map comparison kit, Environmental Modelling & Software, 21 fuzzy kappa indicator for 2 map comparisons: fuzzy_kappa(agents_list,list_vals1,list_vals2, output_similarity_per_agents,categories,fuzzy_categories_matrix, fuzzy_distance, weights). Reference: Visser, H., and T. de Nijs, 2006. The map comparison kit, Environmental Modelling & Software, 21

Examples:

fuzzy_kappa([ag1, ag2, ag3, ag4, ag5],[cat1,cat1,cat2,cat3,cat2],[cat2,cat1,cat2,cat1,cat2], similarity_per_agents,[cat1,cat2,cat3],[[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]], 2) 
fuzzy_kappa([ag1, ag2, ag3, ag4, ag5],[cat1,cat1,cat2,cat3,cat2],[cat2,cat1,cat2,cat1,cat2], similarity_per_agents,[cat1,cat2,cat3],[[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]], 2, [1.0,3.0,2.0,2.0,4.0])

fuzzy_kappa_sim

Possible uses:

  • fuzzy_kappa_sim (list<agent>, list<unknown>, list<unknown>, list<unknown>, list<float>, list<unknown>, matrix<float>, float) ---> float
  • fuzzy_kappa_sim (list<agent>, list<unknown>, list<unknown>, list<unknown>, list<float>, list<unknown>, matrix<float>, float, list<unknown>) ---> float

Result:

fuzzy kappa simulation indicator for 2 map comparisons: fuzzy_kappa_sim(agents_list,list_vals1,list_vals2, output_similarity_per_agents,fuzzy_transitions_matrix, fuzzy_distance). Reference: Jasper van Vliet, Alex Hagen-Zanker, Jelle Hurkens, Hedwig van Delden, A fuzzy set approach to assess the predictive accuracy of land use simulations, Ecological Modelling, 24 July 2013, Pages 32-42, ISSN 0304-3800, fuzzy kappa simulation indicator for 2 map comparisons: fuzzy_kappa_sim(agents_list,list_vals1,list_vals2, output_similarity_per_agents,fuzzy_transitions_matrix, fuzzy_distance, weights). Reference: Jasper van Vliet, Alex Hagen-Zanker, Jelle Hurkens, Hedwig van Delden, A fuzzy set approach to assess the predictive accuracy of land use simulations, Ecological Modelling, 24 July 2013, Pages 32-42, ISSN 0304-3800,

Examples:

fuzzy_kappa_sim([ag1, ag2, ag3, ag4, ag5], [cat1,cat1,cat2,cat3,cat2],[cat2,cat1,cat2,cat1,cat2], similarity_per_agents,[cat1,cat2,cat3],[[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]], 2) 
fuzzy_kappa_sim([ag1, ag2, ag3, ag4, ag5], [cat1,cat1,cat2,cat3,cat2],[cat2,cat1,cat2,cat1,cat2], similarity_per_agents,[cat1,cat2,cat3],[[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]], 2,[1.0,3.0,2.0,2.0,4.0])

gaml_file

Possible uses:

  • gaml_file (string) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type gaml. Allowed extensions are limited to gaml, experiment

Special cases:

  • gaml_file(string): This file constructor allows to read a gaml file (.gaml)
file f <- gaml_file("file.gaml");

See also: is_gaml,


gaml_type

Possible uses:

  • gaml_type (any) ---> gaml_type

Result:

casts the operand in a gaml_type object.


gamma

Possible uses:

  • gamma (float) ---> float

Result:

Returns the value of the Gamma function at x.

Examples:

float var0 <- gamma(5); // var0 equals 24.0

gamma_density

Possible uses:

  • gamma_density (float, float, float) ---> float

Result:

gamma_density(x,shape,scale) returns the probability density function (PDF) at the specified point x of the Gamma distribution with the given shape and scale.

Examples:

float var0 <- gamma_density(1,9,0.5); // var0 equals 0.731

See also: binomial, gauss_rnd, lognormal_rnd, poisson, rnd, skew_gauss, truncated_gauss, weibull_rnd, weibull_density, lognormal_density,


gamma_distribution

Possible uses:

  • gamma_distribution (float, float, float) ---> float

Result:

Returns the integral from zero to x of the gamma probability density function.

Comment:

incomplete_gamma(a,x) is equal to pgamma(a,1,x).

Examples:

float var0 <- gamma_distribution(2,3,0.9) with_precision(3); // var0 equals 0.269

gamma_distribution_complemented

Possible uses:

  • gamma_distribution_complemented (float, float, float) ---> float

Result:

Returns the integral from x to infinity of the gamma probability density function.

Examples:

float var0 <- gamma_distribution_complemented(2,3,0.9) with_precision(3); // var0 equals 0.731

gamma_index

Possible uses:

  • gamma_index (graph) ---> float

Result:

returns the gamma index of the graph (A measure of connectivity that considers the relationship between the number of observed links and the number of possible links: gamma = e/(3 * (v - 2)) - for planar graph.

Examples:

graph graphEpidemio <- graph([]); 
float var1 <- gamma_index(graphEpidemio); // var1 equals the gamma index of the graph

See also: alpha_index, beta_index, nb_cycles, connectivity_index,


gamma_rnd

Possible uses:

  • float gamma_rnd float ---> float
  • gamma_rnd (float , float) ---> float

Result:

returns a random value from a gamma distribution with specified values of the shape and scale parameters

Examples:

float var0 <- gamma_rnd(9,0.5); // var0 equals 0.731

See also: binomial, gauss_rnd, lognormal_rnd, poisson, rnd, skew_gauss, truncated_gauss, weibull_rnd, gamma_trunc_rnd,


gamma_trunc_rnd

Possible uses:

  • gamma_trunc_rnd (float, float, float, float) ---> float
  • gamma_trunc_rnd (float, float, float, bool) ---> float

Result:

returns a random value from a truncated gamma distribution (in a range or given only one boundary) with specified values of the shape and scale parameters.

Special cases:

  • when 2 float operands are specified, they are taken as mininimum and maximum values for the result
gamma_trunc_rnd(2,3,0,5)
  • when 1 float and a boolean (isMax) operands are specified, the float value represents the single boundary (max if the boolean is true, min otherwise),
gamma_trunc_rnd(2,3,5,true)

See also: gamma_rnd, weibull_trunc_rnd, lognormal_trunc_rnd, truncated_gauss,


gauss

Possible uses:

  • gauss (point) ---> float
  • float gauss float ---> float
  • gauss (float , float) ---> float

Result:

The operator can be used with an operand of type point {meand,standardDeviation}. A value from a normally distributed random variable with expected value (mean as first operand) and variance (standardDeviation as second operand). The probability density function of such a variable is a Gaussian.

Special cases:

  • when the operand is a point, it is read as {mean, standardDeviation}
  • when standardDeviation value is 0.0, it always returns the mean value

Examples:

float var0 <- gauss({0,0.3}); // var0 equals 0.22354 
float var1 <- gauss(0,0.3); // var1 equals 0.22354

See also: binomial, gamma_rnd, lognormal_rnd, poisson, rnd, skew_gauss, truncated_gauss, weibull_rnd,


gauss_rnd

Same signification as gauss


generate_barabasi_albert

Possible uses:

  • generate_barabasi_albert (container, int, int, bool) ---> graph
  • generate_barabasi_albert (int, int, int, bool) ---> graph
  • generate_barabasi_albert (int, int, int, bool, species) ---> graph
  • generate_barabasi_albert (int, int, int, bool, species, species) ---> graph

Result:

returns a random scale-free network (following Barabasi-Albert (BA) model).

Comment:

The Barabasi-Albert (BA) model is an algorithm for generating random scale-free networks using a preferential attachment mechanism. A scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law, at least asymptotically.Such networks are widely observed in natural and human-made systems, including the Internet, the world wide web, citation networks, and some social networks. [From Wikipedia article]The map operand should includes following elements:The Barabasi-Albert (BA) model is an algorithm for generating random scale-free networks using a preferential attachment mechanism. A scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law, at least asymptotically.Such networks are widely observed in natural and human-made systems, including the Internet, the world wide web, citation networks, and some social networks. [From Wikipedia article]The map operand should includes following elements:The Barabasi-Albert (BA) model is an algorithm for generating random scale-free networks using a preferential attachment mechanism. A scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law, at least asymptotically.Such networks are widely observed in natural and human-made systems, including the Internet, the world wide web, citation networks, and some social networks. [From Wikipedia article]The map operand should includes following elements:The Barabasi-Albert (BA) model is an algorithm for generating random scale-free networks using a preferential attachment mechanism. A scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law, at least asymptotically.Such networks are widely observed in natural and human-made systems, including the Internet, the world wide web, citation networks, and some social networks. [From Wikipedia article]The map operand should includes following elements:

Special cases:

  • "nbInitNodes": number of initial nodes; "nodes": list of existing nodes to connect (agents or geometries); "nbEdgesAdded": number of edges of each new node added during the network growth; "directed": is the graph directed or not;
graph myGraph <- generate_watts_strogatz(people, 10,1,false);
  • "nbInitNodes": number of initial nodes; "nbEdgesAdded": number of edges of each new node added during the network growth; "nbNodes": final number of nodes; "directed": is the graph directed or not; "node_species": the species of vertices; "edges_species": the species of edges
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_watts_strogatz( 
			60, 
			1, 
			100, 
		true, 
			myVertexSpecies);
  • "nbInitNodes": number of initial nodes; "nbEdgesAdded": number of edges of each new node added during the network growth; "nbNodes": final number of nodes; "directed": is the graph directed or not; "node_species": the species of vertices; "edges_species": the species of edges
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_watts_strogatz( 
			60, 
			1, 
			100, 
		true, 
			myVertexSpecies, 
			myEdgeSpecies);
  • "nbInitNodes": number of initial nodes; "nbEdgesAdded": number of edges of each new node added during the network growth; "nbNodes": final number of nodes; "directed": is the graph directed or not;
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_watts_strogatz( 
			60, 
			1, 
			100, 
		true);

See also: generate_watts_strogatz,


generate_complete_graph

Possible uses:

  • bool generate_complete_graph list ---> graph
  • generate_complete_graph (bool , list) ---> graph
  • int generate_complete_graph bool ---> graph
  • generate_complete_graph (int , bool) ---> graph
  • generate_complete_graph (bool, list, species) ---> graph
  • generate_complete_graph (int, bool, species) ---> graph
  • generate_complete_graph (int, bool, species, species) ---> graph

Result:

returns a fully connected graph.

Special cases:

  • nbNodes: number of nodes to create;directed: is the graph directed or not;node_species: the species of nodes; edges_species: the species of edges
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_complete_graph( 
100, 
true, 
node_species, 
edge_species);
  • "directed": is the graph has to be directed or not;"nodes": the list of existing nodes
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_complete_graph( 
			true, 
			nodes);
  • "directed": is the graph has to be directed or not;"nodes": the list of existing nodes; "edges_species": the species of edges
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_complete_graph( 
true, 
nodes, 
edge_species);
  • nbNodes: number of nodes to create;directed: is the graph directed or not;node_species: the species of nodes
graph myGraph <- generate_complete_graph( 
			100, 
			true, 
			node_species);
  • nbNodes: number of nodes to create;directed: is the graph directed or not
graph myGraph <- generate_complete_graph( 
			100, 
			true);

See also: generate_barabasi_albert, generate_watts_strogatz,


generate_pedestrian_network

Possible uses:

  • generate_pedestrian_network (list<container<unknown,geometry>>, container<unknown,geometry>, bool, bool, float, float, bool, float, float, float, float) ---> list<geometry>
  • generate_pedestrian_network (list<container<unknown,geometry>>, container<unknown,geometry>, bool, bool, float, float, bool, float, float, float, float, float) ---> list<geometry>
  • generate_pedestrian_network (list<container<unknown,geometry>>, container<unknown,geometry>, container<unknown,geometry>, bool, bool, float, float, bool, float, float, float, float) ---> list<geometry>
  • generate_pedestrian_network (list<container<unknown,geometry>>, container<unknown,geometry>, container<unknown,geometry>, bool, bool, float, float, bool, float, float, float, float, float) ---> list<geometry>

Result:

The method allows to build a network of corridors to be used by pedestrian while traveling around a space made of obstacles and other users. It makes it possible to avoide collision with other agents (e.g. buildings) including other pedestrians and in the same time managing a path to a destination in a complex environment (e.g. a city). The method is highly customizable, with many parameters listed as below:

  1. obstacles : a list containing the lists of geometries or agents that are obstacles for pedestrians (e.g. walls, cars).
  2. bounds : a list of geometries that represent the spatial boundary of the network (i.e. the enclosing space of the network).
  3. open : a boolean expression that will add nodes in the network within open areas. More precisely, new invisible points are added to improve triangulation in areas with very few obstacles.
  4. randomDist : a boolean expression, related to the previous 'open' parameter, that allows to switch between a random (true) spatial distribution or a distribution (false) that build upon a equidistant repartition of points all around the area.
  5. open area : a float in meters representing the minimum distance for an area to be considered as an open area (i.e. euclidian distance between centroid and farest obstacle)
  6. density point : a float representing the density of points per meter within open areas.
  7. clean network : a boolean expression that allows to enhance the network (true) or living as it is generated (false). Enhancement includes filling very small gaps between edges and nodes.
  8. cliping : tolerance for the cliping in triangulation (float; distance) - see skeletonize operator
  9. tolerance : tolerance for the triangulation (float)
  10. min dist obstacle : minimal distance to obstacles to keep a path (float; if 0.0, no filtering)
  11. simplification : simplification distance for the final geometries
  12. square size : size of squares for decomposition (optimization)

Special cases:

  • The method allows to build a network of corridors to be used by pedestrian while traveling around a space made of obstacles and other users. It makes it possible to avoide collision with other agents (e.g. buildings) including other pedestrians and in the same time managing a path to a destination in a complex environment (e.g. a city). The method is highly customizable, with many parameters listed as below:

    1. obstacles : a list containing the lists of geometries or agents that are obstacles for pedestrians (e.g. walls, cars).
    2. bounds : a list of geometries that represent the spatial boundary of the network (i.e. the enclosing space of the network).
    3. open : a boolean expression that will add nodes in the network within open areas. More precisely, new invisible points are added to improve triangulation in areas with very few obstacles.
    4. randomDist : a boolean expression, related to the previous 'open' parameter, that allows to switch between a random (true) spatial distribution or a distribution (false) that build upon a equidistant repartition of points all around the area.
    5. open area : a float in meters representing the minimum distance for an area to be considered as an open area (i.e. euclidian distance between centroid and farest obstacle)
    6. density point : a float representing the density of points per meter within open areas.
    7. clean network : a boolean expression that allows to enhance the network (true) or living as it is generated (false). Enhancement includes filling very small gaps between edges and nodes.
    8. cliping : tolerance for the cliping in triangulation (float; distance) - see skeletonize operator
    9. tolerance : tolerance for the triangulation (float)
    10. min dist obstacle : minimal distance to obstacles to keep a path (float; if 0.0, no filtering)
    11. simplification : simplification distance for the final geometries
  • The method allows to build a network of corridors to be used by pedestrian while traveling around a space made of obstacles and other users. It makes it possible to avoide collision with other agents (e.g. buildings) including other pedestrians and in the same time managing a path to a destination in a complex environment (e.g. a city). The method is highly customizable, with many parameters listed as below:

    1. obstacles : a list containing the lists of geometries or agents that are obstacles for pedestrians (e.g. walls, cars).
    2. bounds : a list of geometries that represent the spatial boundary of the network (i.e. the enclosing space of the network).
    3. regular network : allows to combine the generated network with a simplified car user oriented network. More specifically, the network generated will combine enhance pedestrian oriented generated network with the given network: The property of the latter does not allows pedestrian to avoid collision (1D) when using its edges (while moving in 2D space and avoiding collision in the former).
    4. open : a boolean expression that will add nodes in the network within open areas. More precisely, new invisible points are added to improve triangulation in areas with very few obstacles.
    5. randomDist : a boolean expression, related to the previous 'open' parameter, that allows to switch between a random (true) spatial distribution or a distribution (false) that build upon a equidistant repartition of points all around the area.
    6. open area : a float in meters representing the minimum distance for an area to be considered as an open area (i.e. euclidian distance between centroid and farest obstacle)
    7. density point : a float representing the density of points per meter within open areas.
    8. clean network : a boolean expression that allows to enhance the network (true) or living as it is generated (false). Enhancement includes filling very small gaps between edges and nodes.
    9. cliping : tolerance for the cliping in triangulation (float; distance) - see skeletonize operator
    10. tolerance : tolerance for the triangulation (float)
    11. min dist obstacle : minimal distance to obstacles to keep a path (float; if 0.0, no filtering)
  • The method allows to build a network of corridors to be used by pedestrian while traveling around a space made of obstacles and other users. It makes it possible to avoide collision with other agents (e.g. buildings) including other pedestrians and in the same time managing a path to a destination in a complex environment (e.g. a city). The method is highly customizable, with many parameters listed as below:

    1. obstacles : a list containing the lists of geometries or agents that are obstacles for pedestrians (e.g. walls, cars).
    2. bounds : a list of geometries that represent the spatial boundary of the network (i.e. the enclosing space of the network).
    3. regular network : allows to combine the generated network with a simplified car user oriented network. More specifically, the network generated will combine enhance pedestrian oriented generated network with the given network: The property of the latter does not allows pedestrian to avoid collision (1D) when using its edges (while moving in 2D space and avoiding collision in the former).
    4. open : a boolean expression that will add nodes in the network within open areas. More precisely, new invisible points are added to improve triangulation in areas with very few obstacles.
    5. randomDist : a boolean expression, related to the previous 'open' parameter, that allows to switch between a random (true) spatial distribution or a distribution (false) that build upon a equidistant repartition of points all around the area.
    6. open area : a float in meters representing the minimum distance for an area to be considered as an open area (i.e. euclidian distance between centroid and farest obstacle)
    7. density point : a float representing the density of points per meter within open areas.
    8. clean network : a boolean expression that allows to enhance the network (true) or living as it is generated (false). Enhancement includes filling very small gaps between edges and nodes.
    9. cliping : tolerance for the cliping in triangulation (float; distance) - see skeletonize operator
    10. tolerance : tolerance for the triangulation (float)
    11. min dist obstacle : minimal distance to obstacles to keep a path (float; if 0.0, no filtering)
    12. simplification : simplification distance for the final geometries

Examples:

list<geometry> var0 <- generate_pedestrian_network([wall], [world],true,false,3.0,0.1, true,0.1,0.0,0.0,0.0,50.0); // var0 equals a list of polylines corresponding to the pedestrian paths 
list<geometry> var1 <- generate_pedestrian_network([wall], [world],true,false,3.0,0.1, true,0.1,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0); // var1 equals a list of polylines corresponding to the pedestrian paths 
list<geometry> var2 <- generate_pedestrian_network([wall], [world], [road], true,false,3.0,0.1, true,0.1,0.0,0.0,0.0); // var2 equals a list of polylines corresponding to the pedestrian paths 
list<geometry> var3 <- generate_pedestrian_network([wall], [world], [road], true,false,3.0,0.1, true,0.1,0.0,0.0,0.0,50.0); // var3 equals a list of polylines corresponding to the pedestrian paths

generate_random_graph

Possible uses:

  • generate_random_graph (int, int, bool) ---> graph
  • generate_random_graph (int, int, bool, species) ---> graph
  • generate_random_graph (int, int, bool, species, species) ---> graph

Result:

returns a random graph.

Special cases:

  • nbNodes: number of nodes to be created; nbEdges: number of edges to be created; directed: is the graph has to be directed or not;node_species: the species of nodes; edges_species: the species of edges
graph<node_species,edge_species> myGraph <- generate_random_graph( 
50, 
100, 
true, 
node_species, 
edge_species);
  • nbNodes: number of nodes to create;nbEdges: number of edges to create;directed: is the graph directed or not
graph myGraph <- generate_random_graph( 
50, 
100, 
true);
  • nbNodes: number of nodes to create;nbEdges: number of edges to create;directed: is the graph directed or not;node_species: the species of nodes
graph myGraph <- generate_random_graph( 
50, 
100, 
true, 
node_species);

See also: generate_barabasi_albert, generate_watts_strogatz,


generate_terrain

Possible uses:

  • generate_terrain (int, int, int, float, float, float) ---> field

Result:

This operator allows to generate a pseudo-terrain using a simplex noise generator. Its usage is kept simple: it takes first a seed (random or not), then the dimensions (width and height) of the field to generate, then a level (between 0 and 1) of details (which actually determines the number of passes to make), then the value (between 0 and 1) of smoothess, with 0 being completely rought and 1 super smooth, and finally the value (between 0 and 1) of scattering, with 0 building maps in 'one piece' and 1 completely scattered ones.


generate_watts_strogatz

Possible uses:

  • generate_watts_strogatz (container, float, int, bool) ---> graph
  • generate_watts_strogatz (int, float, int, bool) ---> graph
  • generate_watts_strogatz (int, float, int, bool, species) ---> graph
  • generate_watts_strogatz (int, float, int, bool, species, species) ---> graph

Result:

returns a random small-world network (following Watts-Strogatz model).

Comment:

The Watts-Strogatz model is a random graph generation model that produces graphs with small-world properties, including short average path lengths and high clustering.A small-world network is a type of graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but most nodes can be reached from every other by a small number of hops or steps. [From Wikipedia article]The map operand should includes following elements:The Watts-Strogatz model is a random graph generation model that produces graphs with small-world properties, including short average path lengths and high clustering.A small-world network is a type of graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but most nodes can be reached from every other by a small number of hops or steps. [From Wikipedia article]The map operand should includes following elements:The Watts-Strogatz model is a random graph generation model that produces graphs with small-world properties, including short average path lengths and high clustering.A small-world network is a type of graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but most nodes can be reached from every other by a small number of hops or steps. [From Wikipedia article]The map operand should includes following elements:The Watts-Strogatz model is a random graph generation model that produces graphs with small-world properties, including short average path lengths and high clustering.A small-world network is a type of graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but most nodes can be reached from every other by a small number of hops or steps. [From Wikipedia article]The map operand should includes following elements:

Special cases:

  • "nbNodes": the graph will contain (size + 1) nodes (size must be greater than k); "p": probability to "rewire" an edge (so it must be between 0 and 1, the parameter is often called beta in the literature); "k": the base degree of each node (k must be greater than 2 and even); "directed": is the graph directed or not; "node_species": the species of vertices
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_watts_strogatz( 
			100, 
			0.3, 
			5, 
		true, 
			myVertexSpecies);
  • "nodes": the list of nodes to connect; "p": probability to "rewire" an edge (so it must be between 0 and 1, the parameter is often called beta in the literature); "k": the base degree of each node (k must be greater than 2 and even); "directed": is the graph directed or not
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_watts_strogatz( 
			people, 
			0.3, 
			5, 
		true);
  • "nbNodes": the graph will contain (size + 1) nodes (size must be greater than k); "p": probability to "rewire" an edge (so it must be between 0 and 1, the parameter is often called beta in the literature); "k": the base degree of each node (k must be greater than 2 and even); "directed": is the graph directed or not; "node_species": the species of vertices; "edges_species": the species of edges
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_watts_strogatz( 
			100, 
			0.3, 
			5, 
		true, 
			myVertexSpecies, 
			myEdgeSpecies);
  • "nbNodes": the graph will contain (size + 1) nodes (size must be greater than k); "p": probability to "rewire" an edge (so it must be between 0 and 1, the parameter is often called beta in the literature); "k": the base degree of each node (k must be greater than 2 and even); "directed": is the graph directed or not
graph<myVertexSpecy,myEdgeSpecy> myGraph <- generate_watts_strogatz( 
			100, 
			0.3, 
			5, 
		true);

See also: generate_barabasi_albert,


geojson_file

Possible uses:

  • geojson_file (string) ---> file
  • string geojson_file int ---> file
  • geojson_file (string , int) ---> file
  • string geojson_file string ---> file
  • geojson_file (string , string) ---> file
  • string geojson_file bool ---> file
  • geojson_file (string , bool) ---> file
  • geojson_file (string, int, bool) ---> file
  • geojson_file (string, string, bool) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type geojson. Allowed extensions are limited to json, geojson, geo.json

Special cases:

file f <- geojson_file("file.json");
  • geojson_file(string,int): This file constructor allows to read a geojson file and specifying the coordinates system code, as an int
file f <- geojson_file("file.json", 32648);
  • geojson_file(string,string): This file constructor allows to read a geojson file and specifying the coordinates system code (epg,...,), as a string
file f <- geojson_file("file.json", "EPSG:32648");
  • geojson_file(string,bool): This file constructor allows to read a geojson file and take a potential z value (not taken in account by default)
file f <- geojson_file("file.json", true);
  • geojson_file(string,int,bool): This file constructor allows to read a geojson file, specifying the coordinates system code, as an int and take a potential z value (not taken in account by default)
file f <- geojson_file("file.json",32648, true);
  • geojson_file(string,string,bool): This file constructor allows to read a geojson file, specifying the coordinates system code (epg,...,), as a string and take a potential z value (not taken in account by default
file f <- geojson_file("file.json", "EPSG:32648",true);

See also: is_geojson,


geometric_mean

Possible uses:

  • geometric_mean (container) ---> float

Result:

the geometric mean of the elements of the operand. See Geometric_mean for more details.

Comment:

The operator casts all the numerical element of the list into float. The elements that are not numerical are discarded.

Examples:

float var0 <- geometric_mean ([4.5, 3.5, 5.5, 7.0]); // var0 equals 4.962326343467649

See also: mean, median, harmonic_mean,


geometry

Possible uses:

  • geometry (any) ---> geometry

Result:

casts the operand in a geometry object.


geometry_collection

Possible uses:

  • geometry_collection (container<unknown,geometry>) ---> geometry

Result:

A geometry collection (multi-geometry) composed of the given list of geometries.

Special cases:

  • if the operand is nil, returns the point geometry {0,0}
  • if the operand is composed of a single geometry, returns a copy of the geometry.

Examples:

geometry var0 <- geometry_collection([{0,0}, {0,10}, {10,10}, {10,0}]); // var0 equals a geometry composed of the 4 points (multi-point).

See also: around, circle, cone, link, norm, point, polygone, rectangle, square, triangle, line,


get

Possible uses:

  • agent get string ---> unknown
  • get (agent , string) ---> unknown
  • geometry get string ---> unknown
  • get (geometry , string) ---> unknown

Result:

Reads an attribute of the specified agent (or geometry) (left operand). The attribute name is specified by the right operand.

Special cases:

  • Reading the attribute of another agent
string agent_name <- an_agent get('name');     // reads then 'name' attribute of an_agent then assigns the returned value to the agent_name variable
  • Reading the attribute of a geometry
string geom_area <- a_geometry get('area');     // reads then 'area' attribute of 'a_geometry' variable then assigns the returned value to the geom_area variable

get_about

Possible uses:

  • get_about (emotion) ---> predicate

Result:

get the about value of the given emotion

Examples:

get_about(emotion)

get_agent

Possible uses:

  • get_agent (social_link) ---> agent

Result:

get the agent value of the given social link

Examples:

get_agent(social_link1)

get_agent_cause

Possible uses:

  • get_agent_cause (emotion) ---> agent
  • get_agent_cause (predicate) ---> agent

Result:

get the agent cause value of the given emotion evaluate the agent_cause value of a predicate

Examples:

get_agent_cause(emotion) 
get_agent_cause(pred1)

get_belief_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_belief_op predicate ---> mental_state
  • get_belief_op (agent , predicate) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the belief in the belief base with the given predicate.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_belief_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals nil

get_belief_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_belief_with_name_op string ---> mental_state
  • get_belief_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the belief in the belief base with the given name.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_belief_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals nil

get_beliefs_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_beliefs_op predicate ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_beliefs_op (agent , predicate) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the beliefs in the belief base with the given predicate.

Examples:

get_beliefs_op(self,predicate("has_water"))

get_beliefs_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_beliefs_with_name_op string ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_beliefs_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the list of beliefs in the belief base which predicate has the given name.

Examples:

get_beliefs_with_name_op(self,"has_water")

get_current_intention_op

Possible uses:

  • get_current_intention_op (agent) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the current intention.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_current_intention_op(self); // var0 equals nil

get_decay

Possible uses:

  • get_decay (emotion) ---> float

Result:

get the decay value of the given emotion

Examples:

get_decay(emotion)

get_desire_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_desire_op predicate ---> mental_state
  • get_desire_op (agent , predicate) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the desire in the desire base with the given predicate.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_belief_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals nil

get_desire_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_desire_with_name_op string ---> mental_state
  • get_desire_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the desire in the desire base with the given name.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_desire_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals nil

get_desires_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_desires_op predicate ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_desires_op (agent , predicate) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the desires in the desire base with the given predicate.

Examples:

get_desires_op(self,predicate("has_water"))

get_desires_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_desires_with_name_op string ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_desires_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the list of desires in the desire base which predicate has the given name.

Examples:

get_desires_with_name_op(self,"has_water")

get_dominance

Possible uses:

  • get_dominance (social_link) ---> float

Result:

get the dominance value of the given social link

Examples:

get_dominance(social_link1)

get_familiarity

Possible uses:

  • get_familiarity (social_link) ---> float

Result:

get the familiarity value of the given social link

Examples:

get_familiarity(social_link1)

get_ideal_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_ideal_op predicate ---> mental_state
  • get_ideal_op (agent , predicate) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the ideal in the ideal base with the given name.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_ideal_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals nil

get_ideal_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_ideal_with_name_op string ---> mental_state
  • get_ideal_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the ideal in the ideal base with the given name.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_ideal_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals nil

get_ideals_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_ideals_op predicate ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_ideals_op (agent , predicate) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the ideal in the ideal base with the given name.

Examples:

get_ideals_op(self,predicate("has_water"))

get_ideals_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_ideals_with_name_op string ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_ideals_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the list of ideals in the ideal base which predicate has the given name.

Examples:

get_ideals_with_name_op(self,"has_water")

get_intensity

Possible uses:

  • get_intensity (emotion) ---> float

Result:

get the intensity value of the given emotion

Examples:

get_intensity(emo1)

get_intention_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_intention_op predicate ---> mental_state
  • get_intention_op (agent , predicate) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the intention in the intention base with the given predicate.

Examples:

get_intention_op(self,predicate("has_water"))

get_intention_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_intention_with_name_op string ---> mental_state
  • get_intention_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the intention in the intention base with the given name.

Examples:

get_intention_with_name_op(self,"has_water")

get_intentions_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_intentions_op predicate ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_intentions_op (agent , predicate) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the intentions in the intention base with the given predicate.

Examples:

get_intentions_op(self,predicate("has_water"))

get_intentions_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_intentions_with_name_op string ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_intentions_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the list of intentions in the intention base which predicate has the given name.

Examples:

get_intentions_with_name_op(self,"has_water")

get_lifetime

Possible uses:

  • get_lifetime (mental_state) ---> int

Result:

get the lifetime value of the given mental state

Examples:

get_lifetime(mental_state1)

get_liking

Possible uses:

  • get_liking (social_link) ---> float

Result:

get the liking value of the given social link

Examples:

get_liking(social_link1)

get_modality

Possible uses:

  • get_modality (mental_state) ---> string

Result:

get the modality value of the given mental state

Examples:

get_modality(mental_state1)

get_obligation_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_obligation_op predicate ---> mental_state
  • get_obligation_op (agent , predicate) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the obligation in the obligation base with the given predicate.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_obligation_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals nil

get_obligation_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_obligation_with_name_op string ---> mental_state
  • get_obligation_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the obligation in the obligation base with the given name.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_obligation_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals nil

get_obligations_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_obligations_op predicate ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_obligations_op (agent , predicate) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the obligations in the obligation base with the given predicate.

Examples:

get_obligations_op(self,predicate("has_water"))

get_obligations_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_obligations_with_name_op string ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_obligations_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the list of obligations in the obligation base which predicate has the given name.

Examples:

get_obligations_with_name_op(self,"has_water")

get_plan_name

Possible uses:

  • get_plan_name (BDIPlan) ---> string

Result:

get the name of a given plan

Examples:

get_plan_name(agent.current_plan)

get_predicate

Possible uses:

  • get_predicate (mental_state) ---> predicate

Result:

get the predicate value of the given mental state

Examples:

get_predicate(mental_state1)

get_solidarity

Possible uses:

  • get_solidarity (social_link) ---> float

Result:

get the solidarity value of the given social link

Examples:

get_solidarity(social_link1)

get_strength

Possible uses:

  • get_strength (mental_state) ---> float

Result:

get the strength value of the given mental state

Examples:

get_strength(mental_state1)

get_super_intention

Possible uses:

  • get_super_intention (predicate) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the super intention linked to a mental state

Examples:

get_super_intention(get_belief(pred1))

get_trust

Possible uses:

  • get_trust (social_link) ---> float

Result:

get the familiarity value of the given social link

Examples:

get_familiarity(social_link1)

get_truth

Possible uses:

  • get_truth (predicate) ---> bool

Result:

evaluate the truth value of a predicate

Examples:

get_truth(pred1)

get_uncertainties_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_uncertainties_op predicate ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_uncertainties_op (agent , predicate) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the uncertainties in the uncertainty base with the given predicate.

Examples:

get_uncertainties_op(self,predicate("has_water"))

get_uncertainties_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_uncertainties_with_name_op string ---> list<mental_state>
  • get_uncertainties_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> list<mental_state>

Result:

get the list of uncertainties in the uncertainty base which predicate has the given name.

Examples:

get_uncertainties_with_name_op(self,"has_water")

get_uncertainty_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_uncertainty_op predicate ---> mental_state
  • get_uncertainty_op (agent , predicate) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the uncertainty in the uncertainty base with the given predicate.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_uncertainty_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals nil

get_uncertainty_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent get_uncertainty_with_name_op string ---> mental_state
  • get_uncertainty_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> mental_state

Result:

get the uncertainty in the uncertainty base with the given name.

Examples:

mental_state var0 <- get_uncertainty_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals nil

get_values

Possible uses:

  • get_values (predicate) ---> map<string,unknown>

Result:

return the map values of a predicate

Examples:

get_values(pred1)

gif_file

Possible uses:

  • gif_file (string) ---> file
  • string gif_file matrix<int> ---> file
  • gif_file (string , matrix<int>) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type gif. Allowed extensions are limited to gif

Special cases:

  • gif_file(string): This file constructor allows to read a gif file
gif_file f <- gif_file("file.gif");
  • gif_file(string,matrix): This file constructor allows to store a matrix in a gif file (it does not save it - just store it in memory)
gif_file f <- gif_file("file.gif",matrix([10,10],[10,10]));

See also: is_gif,


gini

Possible uses:

  • gini (list<float>) ---> float

Special cases:

  • return the Gini Index of the given list of values (list of floats)
float var0 <- gini([1.0, 0.5, 2.0]); // var0 equals the gini index computed i.e. 0.2857143

girvan_newman_clustering

Possible uses:

  • graph girvan_newman_clustering int ---> list
  • girvan_newman_clustering (graph , int) ---> list

Result:

The Girvan�Newman algorithm is a hierarchical method used to detect communities. It detects communities by progressively removing edges from the original network.It returns a list of list of vertices and takes as operand the graph and the number of clusters


gml_file

Possible uses:

  • gml_file (string) ---> file
  • string gml_file int ---> file
  • gml_file (string , int) ---> file
  • string gml_file string ---> file
  • gml_file (string , string) ---> file
  • string gml_file bool ---> file
  • gml_file (string , bool) ---> file
  • gml_file (string, int, bool) ---> file
  • gml_file (string, string, bool) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type gml. Allowed extensions are limited to gml

Special cases:

  • gml_file(string): This file constructor allows to read a gml file
file f <- gml_file("file.gml");
  • gml_file(string,int): This file constructor allows to read a gml file and specifying the coordinates system code, as an int (epsg code)
file f <- gml_file("file.gml", 32648);
  • gml_file(string,string): This file constructor allows to read a gml file and specifying the coordinates system code (epg,...,), as a string
file f <- gml_file("file.gml", "EPSG:32648");
  • gml_file(string,bool): This file constructor allows to read a gml file and take a potential z value (not taken in account by default)
file f <- gml_file("file.gml", true);
  • gml_file(string,int,bool): This file constructor allows to read a gml file, specifying the coordinates system code, as an int (epsg code) and take a potential z value (not taken in account by default)
file f <- gml_file("file.gml", 32648, true);
  • gml_file(string,string,bool): This file constructor allows to read a gml file, specifying the coordinates system code (epg,...,), as a string and take a potential z value (not taken in account by default
file f <- gml_file("file.gml", "EPSG:32648",true);

See also: is_gml,


gradient

Possible uses:

  • gradient (list<rgb>) ---> map<rgb,float>
  • gradient (map<rgb,float>) ---> map<rgb,float>
  • rgb gradient rgb ---> map<rgb,float>
  • gradient (rgb , rgb) ---> map<rgb,float>
  • gradient (rgb, rgb, float) ---> map<rgb,float>

Result:

returns the definition of a linear gradient between two colors, with a ratio (between 0 and 1, otherwise clamped) represented internally as a color map [start::0.0,(startr+stop(1-r))::r, stop::1.0] returns the definition of a linear gradient between n colors, represented internally as a color map [c1::0,c2::1/n-1, ... cn::n-1/n-1] returns the definition of a linear gradient between two colors, represented internally as a color map [start::0.0,stop::1.0] returns the definition of a linear gradient between n colors provided with their positions on a scale between 0 and 1. A similar color map is returned, in the same color order, with all the positions normalized (so that they are shifted and scaled to fit between 0 and 1). Throws an error if the number of colors is less than 2 or if the positions are not strictly ordered


graph

Possible uses:

  • graph (any) ---> graph

Result:

casts the operand in a graph object.


graph6_file

Possible uses:

  • graph6_file (string) ---> file
  • string graph6_file species ---> file
  • graph6_file (string , species) ---> file
  • graph6_file (string, species, species) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type graph6. Allowed extensions are limited to graph6

Special cases:

  • graph6_file(string): References a graph6 file by its filename
  • graph6_file(string,species): References a graph6 file by its filename and the species to use to instantiate the nodes
  • graph6_file(string,species,species): References a graph6 file by its filename and the species to use to instantiate the nodes and the edges

See also: is_graph6,


graphdimacs_file

Possible uses:

  • graphdimacs_file (string) ---> file
  • string graphdimacs_file species ---> file
  • graphdimacs_file (string , species) ---> file
  • graphdimacs_file (string, species, species) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type graphdimacs. Allowed extensions are limited to dimacs

Special cases:

  • graphdimacs_file(string): References a dimacs file by its filename
  • graphdimacs_file(string,species): References a dimacs file by its filename and the species to use to instantiate the nodes
  • graphdimacs_file(string,species,species): References a dimacs file by its filename and the species to use to instantiate the nodes and the edges

See also: is_graphdimacs,


graphdot_file

Possible uses:

  • graphdot_file (string) ---> file
  • string graphdot_file species ---> file
  • graphdot_file (string , species) ---> file
  • graphdot_file (string, species, species) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type graphdot. Allowed extensions are limited to dot

Special cases:

  • graphdot_file(string): References a dot graph file by its filename
  • graphdot_file(string,species): References a dot graph file by its filename and the species to use to instantiate the nodes
  • graphdot_file(string,species,species): References a dot graph file by its filename and the 2 species to use to instantiate the nodes and the edges

See also: is_graphdot,


graphgexf_file

Possible uses:

  • graphgexf_file (string) ---> file
  • string graphgexf_file species ---> file
  • graphgexf_file (string , species) ---> file
  • graphgexf_file (string, species, species) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type graphgexf. Allowed extensions are limited to gexf

Special cases:

  • graphgexf_file(string): References a gexf graph file by its filename
  • graphgexf_file(string,species): References a gexf graph file by its filename and the species to use to instantiate the nodes
  • graphgexf_file(string,species,species): References a gexf graph file by its filename and the 2 species to use to instantiate the nodes and the edges

See also: is_graphgexf,


graphgml_file

Possible uses:

  • graphgml_file (string) ---> file
  • string graphgml_file species ---> file
  • graphgml_file (string , species) ---> file
  • graphgml_file (string, species, species) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type graphgml. Allowed extensions are limited to gml

Special cases:

  • graphgml_file(string): References a gml graph file by its filename
  • graphgml_file(string,species): References a gml graph file by its filename and the species to use to instantiate the nodes
  • graphgml_file(string,species,species): References a gml graph file by its filename and the 2 species to use to instantiate the nodes and the edges

See also: is_graphgml,


graphml_file

Possible uses:

  • graphml_file (string) ---> file
  • string graphml_file species ---> file
  • graphml_file (string , species) ---> file
  • graphml_file (string, species, species) ---> file
  • graphml_file (string, species, species, string, string) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type graphml. Allowed extensions are limited to graphml

Special cases:

  • graphml_file(string): References a graphml graph file by its filename
  • graphml_file(string,species): References a graphml graph file by its filename and the species to use to instantiate the nodes
  • graphml_file(string,species,species): References a graphml graph file by its filename and the 2 species to use to instantiate the nodes and the edges
  • graphml_file(string,species,species,string,string): References a graphml graph file by its filename and the 2 species to use to instantiate the nodes and the edges

See also: is_graphml,


graphtsplib_file

Possible uses:

  • graphtsplib_file (string) ---> file
  • string graphtsplib_file species ---> file
  • graphtsplib_file (string , species) ---> file
  • graphtsplib_file (string, species, species) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type graphtsplib. Allowed extensions are limited to tsplib

Special cases:

  • graphtsplib_file(string): References a tsplib graph file by its filename
  • graphtsplib_file(string,species): References a tsplib graph file by its filename and the species to use to instantiate the nodes
  • graphtsplib_file(string,species,species): References a tsplib graph file by its filename and the 2 species to use to instantiate the nodes and the edges

See also: is_graphtsplib,


grayscale

Possible uses:

  • grayscale (rgb) ---> rgb

Result:

Converts rgb color to grayscale value

Comment:

r=red, g=green, b=blue. Between 0 and 255 and gray = 0.299 * red + 0.587 * green + 0.114 * blue (Photoshop value)

Examples:

rgb var0 <- grayscale (rgb(255,0,0)); // var0 equals to a dark grey

See also: rgb, hsb,


grayscale

Possible uses:

  • grayscale (image) ---> image

Result:

Used to convert any image to a grayscale color palette and return it. The original image is left untouched


grid_at

Possible uses:

  • species grid_at point ---> agent
  • grid_at (species , point) ---> agent

Result:

returns the cell of the grid (right-hand operand) at the position given by the right-hand operand

Comment:

If the left-hand operand is a point of floats, it is used as a point of ints.

Special cases:

  • if the left-hand operand is not a grid cell species, returns nil

Examples:

agent var0 <- grid_cell grid_at {1,2}; // var0 equals the agent grid_cell with grid_x=1 and grid_y = 2

grid_cells_to_graph

Possible uses:

  • grid_cells_to_graph (container) ---> graph
  • container grid_cells_to_graph species ---> graph
  • grid_cells_to_graph (container , species) ---> graph

Result:

creates a graph from a list of cells (operand). An edge is created between neighbors.

Examples:

my_cell_graph <- grid_cells_to_graph(cells_list);

See also: as_intersection_graph, as_edge_graph,


grid_file

Possible uses:

  • grid_file (string) ---> file
  • string grid_file bool ---> file
  • grid_file (string , bool) ---> file
  • string grid_file int ---> file
  • grid_file (string , int) ---> file
  • string grid_file string ---> file
  • grid_file (string , string) ---> file
  • string grid_file field ---> file
  • grid_file (string , field) ---> file

Result:

Constructs a file of type grid. Allowed extensions are limited to asc, tif

Special cases:

  • grid_file(string): This file constructor allows to read a asc file or a tif (geotif) file
file f <- grid_file("file.asc");
  • grid_file(string,bool): This file constructor allows to read a asc file or a tif (geotif) file, but without converting it into shapes. Only a matrix of float values is created
file f <- grid_file("file.asc", false);
  • grid_file(string,int): This file constructor allows to read a asc file or a tif (geotif) file specifying the coordinates system code, as an int (epsg code)
file f <- grid_file("file.asc", 32648);
  • grid_file(string,string): This file constructor allows to read a asc file or a tif (geotif) file specifying the coordinates system code (epg,...,), as a string
file f <- grid_file("file.asc","EPSG:32648");
  • grid_file(string,field): This allows to build a writable grid file from the values of a field
file f <- grid_file("file.tif",my_field); save f;

See also: is_grid,


group_by

Possible uses:

  • container group_by any expression ---> map
  • group_by (container , any expression) ---> map

Result:

Returns a map, where the keys take the possible values of the right-hand operand and the map values are the list of elements of the left-hand operand associated to the key value

Comment:

in the right-hand operand, the keyword each can be used to represent, in turn, each of the right-hand operand elements.

Special cases:

  • if the left-hand operand is nil, group_by throws an error

Examples:

map var0 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] group_by (each > 3); // var0 equals [false::[1, 2, 3], true::[4, 5, 6, 7, 8]] 
map var1 <- g2 group_by (length(g2 out_edges_of each) ); // var1 equals [ 0::[node9, node7, node10, node8, node11], 1::[node6], 2::[node5], 3::[node4]] 
map var2 <- (list(node) group_by (round(node(each).location.x)); // var2 equals [32::[node5], 21::[node1], 4::[node0], 66::[node2], 96::[node3]] 
map<bool,list> var3 <- [1::2, 3::4, 5::6] group_by (each > 4); // var3 equals [false::[2, 4], true::[6]]

See also: first_with, last_with, where,


harmonic_mean

Possible uses:

  • harmonic_mean (container) ---> float

Result:

the harmonic mean of the elements of the operand. See Harmonic_mean for more details.

Comment:

The operator casts all the numerical element of the list into float. The elements that are not numerical are discarded.

Examples:

float var0 <- harmonic_mean ([4.5, 3.5, 5.5, 7.0]); // var0 equals 4.804159445407279

See also: mean, median, geometric_mean,


has_belief_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_belief_op predicate ---> bool
  • has_belief_op (agent , predicate) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is a belief about the given predicate.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_belief_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals false

has_belief_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_belief_with_name_op string ---> bool
  • has_belief_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is a belief about the given name.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_belief_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals false

has_desire_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_desire_op predicate ---> bool
  • has_desire_op (agent , predicate) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is a desire about the given predicate.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_desire_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals false

has_desire_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_desire_with_name_op string ---> bool
  • has_desire_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is a desire about the given name.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_desire_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals false

has_ideal_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_ideal_op predicate ---> bool
  • has_ideal_op (agent , predicate) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is an ideal about the given predicate.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_ideal_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals false

has_ideal_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_ideal_with_name_op string ---> bool
  • has_ideal_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is an ideal about the given name.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_ideal_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals false

has_intention_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_intention_op predicate ---> bool
  • has_intention_op (agent , predicate) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is an intention about the given predicate.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_intention_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals false

has_intention_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_intention_with_name_op string ---> bool
  • has_intention_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is an intention about the given name.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_intention_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals false

has_obligation_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_obligation_op predicate ---> bool
  • has_obligation_op (agent , predicate) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is an obligation about the given predicate.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_obligation_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals false

has_obligation_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_obligation_with_name_op string ---> bool
  • has_obligation_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is an obligation about the given name.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_obligation_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals false

has_uncertainty_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_uncertainty_op predicate ---> bool
  • has_uncertainty_op (agent , predicate) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is an uncertainty about the given predicate.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_uncertainty_op(self,predicate("has_water")); // var0 equals false

has_uncertainty_with_name_op

Possible uses:

  • agent has_uncertainty_with_name_op string ---> bool
  • has_uncertainty_with_name_op (agent , string) ---> bool

Result:

indicates if there already is an uncertainty about the given name.

Examples:

bool var0 <- has_uncertainty_with_name_op(self,"has_water"); // var0 equals false

hexagon

Possible uses:

  • hexagon (float) ---> geometry
  • hexagon (point) ---> geometry
  • float hexagon float ---> geometry
  • hexagon (float , float) ---> geometry

Result:

A hexagon geometry which the given with and height

Comment:

the center of the hexagon is by default the location of the current agent in which has been called this operator.

Special cases:

  • returns nil if the operand is nil.

Examples:

geometry var0 <- hexagon(10); // var0 equals a geometry as a hexagon of width of 10 and height of 10. 
geometry var1 <- hexagon({10,5}); // var1 equals a geometry as a hexagon of width of 10 and height of 5. 
geometry var2 <- hexagon(10,5); // var2 equals a geometry as a hexagon of width of 10 and height of 5.

See also: around, circle, cone, line, link, norm, point, polygon, polyline, rectangle, triangle,


hierarchical_clustering

Possible uses:

  • container<unknown,agent> hierarchical_clustering float ---> list
  • hierarchical_clustering (container<unknown,agent> , float) ---> list

Result:

A tree (list of list) contained groups of agents clustered by distance considering a distance min between two groups.

Comment:

use of hierarchical clustering with Minimum for linkage criterion between two groups of agents.

Examples:

list var0 <- [ag1, ag2, ag3, ag4, ag5] hierarchical_clustering 20.0; // var0 equals for example, can return [[[ag1],[ag3]], [ag2], [[[ag4],[ag5]],[ag6]]

See also: simple_clustering_by_distance,


horizontal

Possible uses:

  • horizontal (map<unknown,int>) ---> unknown<string>

Result:

Creates a horizontal layout node (a sash). Sashes can contain any number (> 1) of other elements: stacks, horizontal or vertical sashes, or display indices. Each element is represented by a pair in the map, where the key is the element and the value its weight within the sash


horizontal_flip

Possible uses:

  • horizontal_flip (image) ---> image

Result:

Returns an image flipped horizontally by reflecting the original image around the y axis. The original image is left untouched


hsb

Possible uses:

  • hsb (float, float, float) ---> rgb
  • hsb (float, float, float, int) ---> rgb
  • hsb (float, float, float, float) ---> rgb

Result:

Converts hsb (h=hue, s=saturation, b=brightness) value to Gama color

Comment:

h,s and b components should be floating-point values between 0.0 and 1.0 and when used alpha should be an integer (between 0 and 255) or a float (between 0 and 1) . Examples: Red=(0.0,1.0,1.0), Yellow=(0.16,1.0,1.0), Green=(0.33,1.0,1.0), Cyan=(0.5,1.0,1.0), Blue=(0.66,1.0,1.0), Magenta=(0.83,1.0,1.0)

Examples:

rgb var0 <- hsb (0.5,1.0,1.0,0.0); // var0 equals rgb("cyan",0) 
rgb var1 <- hsb (0.0,1.0,1.0); // var1 equals rgb("red")

See also: rgb,


hypot

Possible uses:

  • hypot (float, float, float, float) ---> float

Result:

Returns sqrt(x2 +y2) without intermediate overflow or underflow.

Special cases:

  • If either argument is infinite, then the result is positive infinity. If either argument is NaN and neither argument is infinite, then the result is NaN.

Examples:

float var0 <- hypot(0,1,0,1); // var0 equals sqrt(2)
  1. What's new (Changelog)
  1. Installation and Launching
    1. Installation
    2. Launching GAMA
    3. Updating GAMA
    4. Installing Plugins
  2. Workspace, Projects and Models
    1. Navigating in the Workspace
    2. Changing Workspace
    3. Importing Models
  3. Editing Models
    1. GAML Editor (Generalities)
    2. GAML Editor Tools
    3. Validation of Models
  4. Running Experiments
    1. Launching Experiments
    2. Experiments User interface
    3. Controls of experiments
    4. Parameters view
    5. Inspectors and monitors
    6. Displays
    7. Batch Specific UI
    8. Errors View
  5. Running Headless
    1. Headless Batch
    2. Headless Server
    3. Headless Legacy
  6. Preferences
  7. Troubleshooting
  1. Introduction
    1. Start with GAML
    2. Organization of a Model
    3. Basic programming concepts in GAML
  2. Manipulate basic Species
  3. Global Species
    1. Regular Species
    2. Defining Actions and Behaviors
    3. Interaction between Agents
    4. Attaching Skills
    5. Inheritance
  4. Defining Advanced Species
    1. Grid Species
    2. Graph Species
    3. Mirror Species
    4. Multi-Level Architecture
  5. Defining GUI Experiment
    1. Defining Parameters
    2. Defining Displays Generalities
    3. Defining 3D Displays
    4. Defining Charts
    5. Defining Monitors and Inspectors
    6. Defining Export files
    7. Defining User Interaction
  6. Exploring Models
    1. Run Several Simulations
    2. Batch Experiments
    3. Exploration Methods
  7. Optimizing Model Section
    1. Runtime Concepts
    2. Optimizing Models
  8. Multi-Paradigm Modeling
    1. Control Architecture
    2. Defining Differential Equations
  1. Manipulate OSM Data
  2. Diffusion
  3. Using Database
  4. Using FIPA ACL
  5. Using BDI with BEN
  6. Using Driving Skill
  7. Manipulate dates
  8. Manipulate lights
  9. Using comodel
  10. Save and restore Simulations
  11. Using network
  12. Headless mode
  13. Using Headless
  14. Writing Unit Tests
  15. Ensure model's reproducibility
  16. Going further with extensions
    1. Calling R
    2. Using Graphical Editor
    3. Using Git from GAMA
  1. Built-in Species
  2. Built-in Skills
  3. Built-in Architecture
  4. Statements
  5. Data Type
  6. File Type
  7. Expressions
    1. Literals
    2. Units and Constants
    3. Pseudo Variables
    4. Variables And Attributes
    5. Operators [A-A]
    6. Operators [B-C]
    7. Operators [D-H]
    8. Operators [I-M]
    9. Operators [N-R]
    10. Operators [S-Z]
  8. Exhaustive list of GAMA Keywords
  1. Installing the GIT version
  2. Developing Extensions
    1. Developing Plugins
    2. Developing Skills
    3. Developing Statements
    4. Developing Operators
    5. Developing Types
    6. Developing Species
    7. Developing Control Architectures
    8. Index of annotations
  3. Introduction to GAMA Java API
    1. Architecture of GAMA
    2. IScope
  4. Using GAMA flags
  5. Creating a release of GAMA
  6. Documentation generation

  1. Predator Prey
  2. Road Traffic
  3. 3D Tutorial
  4. Incremental Model
  5. Luneray's flu
  6. BDI Agents

  1. Team
  2. Projects using GAMA
  3. Scientific References
  4. Training Sessions

Resources

  1. Videos
  2. Conferences
  3. Code Examples
  4. Pedagogical materials
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