docs: Add reference guide for processing payments with Square (#20977)

* Draft square guide * Add Square guide * Tweak Square notes * Apply suggestions from code review Co-Authored-By: LB <barth.laurie@gmail.com> * clarify sentence on payment options * Fix typo Co-Authored-By: LB <barth.laurie@gmail.com> * Rework example code based on PR feedback * chore: format * Add link to Checkout API instructions * Add example site * Add note linking to example site * Add highlighting in index.js code snippet Co-Authored-By: LB <barth.laurie@gmail.com> * chore: format Co-authored-by: LB <laurie@gatsbyjs.com> Co-authored-by: GatsbyJS Bot <mathews.kyle+gatsbybot@gmail.com>
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diff --git a/docs/docs/processing-payments-with-square.md b/docs/docs/processing-payments-with-square.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+---
+title: Processing Payments with Square
+---
+
+Square is a payment service that emphasizes quick, secure payments as well as a user-friendly and affordable point of sale (POS) system. You may have already seen their tiny credit card readers, which are great for mobile businesses like those that sell via food trucks or craft fairs. This guide explains how to begin using Square with your Gatsby site.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+You'll need to [set up a developer account](https://squareup.com/signup?v=developers) to get started. Create a new application from your developer dashboard. The name of your application cannot include the word "square". Once that's done, you should see your new application on your dashboard. Each application has an application ID and access token associated with it.
+
+## Choosing the right product
+
+Square can handle most of your payment-related needs including accepting payments, managing product catalogs, and managing payroll. Begin by determining which of these products you want to incorporate into your business. This guide focuses on [accepting payments on your website](https://developer.squareup.com/docs/online-payment-options#square-payments-in-your-own-website) but you may wish to use their in-person or in-app options as well.
+
+You've got two options for integrating Square payments: redirecting to a hosted checkout page with the Checkout API _or_ taking payments from your Gatsby site using the `SqPaymentForm` library with the Payments API.
+
+### Redirecting to a hosted checkout page
+
+Redirecting to a Square-hosted page takes some of the pressure off since you don't need to build a checkout page. However, getting that functionality "for free" does come with some restrictions. You will not be able to customize the UI of the page users are sent to once they're ready to checkout. Square only recommends this option for situations where accepting payments on your own site isn't feasible.
+
+To use the Square [Checkout API](https://developer.squareup.com/docs/checkout-api-overview), you'll need to send a request that includes the relevant order information. In response, you'll get a URL with the format `https://connect.squareup.com/v2/checkout?c={{CHECKOUT_ID}}&l={{LOCATION_ID}}` which you'll redirect your user to. From there, Square handles the payment form UI and processing.
+
+### Accepting Square payments
+
+Square recommends using the Payments API instead because it offers much greater flexibility. You can customize not only the look and feel of the checkout process but also the checkout process itself, such as customizing the payment methods available.
+
+This process is broken into two steps:
+
+1. Generate a single-use token called a nonce.
+2. Charge whatever payment source the user has provided (this could be a credit card, gift card, etc.) using the nonce.
+
+To add a Square payment form to your Gatsby site, you'll need to load the JavaScript that runs Square's payment form into the `<head>` of your website. You can do this by creating a `<script>` element and appending it to the `<head>`. Wrapping this up into a function (such as `loadSquareSdk` in the following example) will allow you to load this script only when it's required (that is, only when you want to use the payment form).
+
+```js:title=paymentForm.js
+export const loadSquareSdk = () => {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const sqPaymentScript = document.createElement("script")
+    sqPaymentScript.src = "https://js.squareup.com/v2/paymentform"
+    sqPaymentScript.crossorigin = "anonymous"
+    sqPaymentScript.onload = () => {
+      resolve()
+    }
+    sqPaymentScript.onerror = () => {
+      reject(`Failed to load ${sqPaymentScript.src}`)
+    }
+    document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(sqPaymentScript)
+  })
+}
+```
+
+You'll also need to create some variation of a `PaymentForm` component. Square maintains a few [payment form templates](https://github.com/square/connect-api-examples/tree/master/templates/web-ui/payment-form) you can base your component on. Try starting with the ["basic" JavaScript file](https://github.com/square/connect-api-examples/blob/master/templates/web-ui/payment-form/basic/sqpaymentform-basic.js). They also provide a [running example](https://codesandbox.io/s/4zjrv7kry9?from-embed) using their "basic-digital-wallet" template with React.
+
+Your `PaymentForm` component can be added to `paymentForm.js` along with your `loadSquareSDK` method. To check out a sample `PaymentForm` component, please see the [example site using Square payments](https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/tree/master/examples/using-square-payments/src/components/paymentForm.js).
+
+Once that's done, you can use the `SqPaymentForm` object available on the `window` (you get this from the Square JS you called in the `<head>`) and pass it in via props whenever you want the form to show up! In the example below, the `PaymentForm` has been added to the homepage from the [default starter](/starters/gatsbyjs/gatsby-starter-default/).
+
+```js:title=index.js
+import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react"
+import { Link } from "gatsby"
+
+import Layout from "../components/layout"
+import SEO from "../components/seo"
+import PaymentForm, { loadSquareSdk } from "../components/paymentForm" //highlight-line
+
+const IndexPage = () => {
+  const [squareStatus, setSquareStatus] = useState(null)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    loadSquareSdk()
+      .then(() => {
+        setSquareStatus("SUCCESS")
+      })
+      .catch(() => setSquareStatus("ERROR"))
+  }, []) // on mount, add the js script dynamically
+
+  return (
+    <Layout>
+      <SEO title="Home" />
+
+      {squareStatus === "ERROR" &&
+        "Failed to load SquareSDK. Please refresh the page."}
+      {squareStatus === "SUCCESS" && (
+        <PaymentForm paymentForm={window.SqPaymentForm} /> //highlight-line
+      )}
+
+      <Link to="/page-2/">Go to page 2</Link>
+    </Layout>
+  )
+}
+
+export default IndexPage
+```
+
+## The Square sandbox
+
+You can test your setup [using the Square sandbox](https://developer.squareup.com/docs/testing/sandbox). To do so, you'll need to return to your [developer dashboard](https://developer.squareup.com/apps). In the "Credentials" tab, you can toggle back and forth between your production and sandbox credentials!
+
+## Other resources
+
+- [`SqPaymentForm` documentation](https://developer.squareup.com/docs/api/paymentform#navsection-paymentform)
+- [Square's tutorial for online payment options](https://developer.squareup.com/docs/online-payment-options)
+- Square's blog post on [Online Payments with React + Square](https://developer.squareup.com/blog/online-payments-form-react/)
+- Example code for [using Square Payments](https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/tree/master/examples/using-square-payments)
diff --git a/examples/using-square-payments/.gitignore b/examples/using-square-payments/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Logs
+logs
+*.log
+npm-debug.log*
+yarn-debug.log*
+yarn-error.log*
+
+# Runtime data
+pids
+*.pid
+*.seed
+*.pid.lock
+
+# Directory for instrumented libs generated by jscoverage/JSCover
+lib-cov
+
+# Coverage directory used by tools like istanbul
+coverage
+
+# nyc test coverage
+.nyc_output
+
+# Grunt intermediate storage (http://gruntjs.com/creating-plugins#storing-task-files)
+.grunt
+
+# Bower dependency directory (https://bower.io/)
+bower_components
+
+# node-waf configuration
+.lock-wscript
+
+# Compiled binary addons (http://nodejs.org/api/addons.html)
+build/Release
+
+# Dependency directories
+node_modules/
+jspm_packages/
+
+# Typescript v1 declaration files
+typings/
+
+# Optional npm cache directory
+.npm
+
+# Optional eslint cache
+.eslintcache
+
+# Optional REPL history
+.node_repl_history
+
+# Output of 'npm pack'
+*.tgz
+
+# dotenv environment variable files
+.env*
+
+# gatsby files
+.cache/
+public
+
+# Mac files
+.DS_Store
+
+# Yarn
+yarn-error.log
+.pnp/
+.pnp.js
+# Yarn Integrity file
+.yarn-integrity
diff --git a/examples/using-square-payments/.prettierignore b/examples/using-square-payments/.prettierignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.cache
+package.json
+package-lock.json
+public
diff --git a/examples/using-square-payments/.prettierrc b/examples/using-square-payments/.prettierrc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "endOfLine": "lf",
+  "semi": false,
+  "singleQuote": false,
+  "tabWidth": 2,
+  "trailingComma": "es5"
+}
diff --git a/examples/using-square-payments/LICENSE b/examples/using-square-payments/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 gatsbyjs
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/examples/using-square-payments/README.md b/examples/using-square-payments/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<!-- AUTO-GENERATED-CONTENT:START (STARTER) -->
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://www.gatsbyjs.org">
+    <img alt="Gatsby" src="https://www.gatsbyjs.org/monogram.svg" width="60" />
+  </a>
+</p>
+<h1 align="center">
+  Gatsby's default starter
+</h1>
+
+Kick off your project with this default boilerplate. This starter ships with the main Gatsby configuration files you might need to get up and running blazing fast with the blazing fast app generator for React.
+
+_Have another more specific idea? You may want to check out our vibrant collection of [official and community-created starters](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/gatsby-starters/)._
+
+## 🚀 Quick start
+
+1.  **Create a Gatsby site.**
+
+    Use the Gatsby CLI to create a new site, specifying the default starter.
+
+    ```shell
+    # create a new Gatsby site using the default starter
+    gatsby new my-default-starter https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby-starter-default
+    ```
+
+1.  **Start developing.**
+
+    Navigate into your new site’s directory and start it up.
+
+    ```shell
+    cd my-default-starter/
+    gatsby develop
+    ```
+
+1.  **Open the source code and start editing!**
+
+    Your site is now running at `http://localhost:8000`!
+
+    _Note: You'll also see a second link: _`http://localhost:8000/___graphql`_. This is a tool you can use to experiment with querying your data. Learn more about using this tool in the [Gatsby tutorial](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/tutorial/part-five/#introducing-graphiql)._
+
+    Open the `my-default-starter` directory in your code editor of choice and edit `src/pages/index.js`. Save your changes and the browser will update in real time!
+
+## 🧐 What's inside?
+
+A quick look at the top-level files and directories you'll see in a Gatsby project.
+
+    .
+    ├── node_modules
+    ├── src
+    ├── .gitignore
+    ├── .prettierrc
+    ├── gatsby-browser.js
+    ├── gatsby-config.js
+    ├── gatsby-node.js
+    ├── gatsby-ssr.js
+    ├── LICENSE
+    ├── package-lock.json
+    ├── package.json
+    └── README.md
+
+1.  **`/node_modules`**: This directory contains all of the modules of code that your project depends on (npm packages) are automatically installed.
+
+2.  **`/src`**: This directory will contain all of the code related to what you will see on the front-end of your site (what you see in the browser) such as your site header or a page template. `src` is a convention for “source code”.
+
+3.  **`.gitignore`**: This file tells git which files it should not track / not maintain a version history for.
+
+4.  **`.prettierrc`**: This is a configuration file for [Prettier](https://prettier.io/). Prettier is a tool to help keep the formatting of your code consistent.
+
+5.  **`gatsby-browser.js`**: This file is where Gatsby expects to find any usage of the [Gatsby browser APIs](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/browser-apis/) (if any). These allow customization/extension of default Gatsby settings affecting the browser.
+
+6.  **`gatsby-config.js`**: This is the main configuration file for a Gatsby site. This is where you can specify information about your site (metadata) like the site title and description, which Gatsby plugins you’d like to include, etc. (Check out the [config docs](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/gatsby-config/) for more detail).
+
+7.  **`gatsby-node.js`**: This file is where Gatsby expects to find any usage of the [Gatsby Node APIs](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/node-apis/) (if any). These allow customization/extension of default Gatsby settings affecting pieces of the site build process.
+
+8.  **`gatsby-ssr.js`**: This file is where Gatsby expects to find any usage of the [Gatsby server-side rendering APIs](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/ssr-apis/) (if any). These allow customization of default Gatsby settings affecting server-side rendering.
+
+9.  **`LICENSE`**: Gatsby is licensed under the MIT license.
+
+10. **`package-lock.json`** (See `package.json` below, first). This is an automatically generated file based on the exact versions of your npm dependencies that were installed for your project. **(You won’t change this file directly).**
+
+11. **`package.json`**: A manifest file for Node.js projects, which includes things like metadata (the project’s name, author, etc). This manifest is how npm knows which packages to install for your project.
+
+12. **`README.md`**: A text file containing useful reference information about your project.
+
+## 🎓 Learning Gatsby
+
+Looking for more guidance? Full documentation for Gatsby lives [on the website](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/). Here are some places to start:
+
+- **For most developers, we recommend starting with our [in-depth tutorial for creating a site with Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/tutorial/).** It starts with zero assumptions about your level of ability and walks through every step of the process.
+
+- **To dive straight into code samples, head [to our documentation](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/).** In particular, check out the _Guides_, _API Reference_, and _Advanced Tutorials_ sections in the sidebar.
+
+## 💫 Deploy
+
+[![Deploy to Netlify](https://www.netlify.com/img/deploy/button.svg)](https://app.netlify.com/start/deploy?repository=https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby-starter-default)
+
+<!-- AUTO-GENERATED-CONTENT:END -->
diff --git a/examples/using-square-payments/gatsby-config.js b/examples/using-square-payments/gatsby-config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+module.exports = {
+  siteMetadata: {
+    title: `Gatsby Default Starter`,
+    description: `Kick off your next, great Gatsby project with this default starter. This barebones starter ships with the main Gatsby configuration files you might need.`,
+    author: `@gatsbyjs`,
+  },
+  plugins: [
+    `gatsby-plugin-react-helmet`,
+    {
+      resolve: `gatsby-source-filesystem`,
+      options: {
+        name: `images`,
+        path: `${__dirname}/src/images`,
+      },
+    },
+    `gatsby-transformer-sharp`,
+    `gatsby-plugin-sharp`,
+    {
+      resolve: `gatsby-plugin-manifest`,
+      options: {
+        name: `gatsby-starter-default`,
+        short_name: `starter`,
+        start_url: `/`,
+        background_color: `#663399`,
+        theme_color: `#663399`,
+        display: `minimal-ui`,
+        icon: `src/images/gatsby-icon.png`, // This path is relative to the root of the site.
+      },
+    },
+    // this (optional) plugin enables Progressive Web App + Offline functionality
+    // To learn more, visit: https://gatsby.dev/offline
+    // `gatsby-plugin-offline`,
+  ],
+}
diff --git a/examples/using-square-payments/package.json b/examples/using-square-payments/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+  "name": "gatsby-starter-default",
+  "private": true,
+  "description": "A simple starter to get up and developing quickly with Gatsby",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "author": "Kyle Mathews <mathews.kyle@gmail.com>",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "gatsby": "^2.18.12",
+    "gatsby-image": "^2.2.34",
+    "gatsby-plugin-manifest": "^2.2.31",
+    "gatsby-plugin-offline": "^3.0.27",
+    "gatsby-plugin-react-helmet": "^3.1.16",
+    "gatsby-plugin-sharp": "^2.3.5",
+    "gatsby-plugin-square-payment-form": "^1.0.3",
+    "gatsby-source-filesystem": "^2.1.40",
+    "gatsby-transformer-sharp": "^2.3.7",
+    "prop-types": "^15.7.2",
+    "react": "^16.12.0",
+    "react-dom": "^16.12.0",
+    "react-helmet": "^5.2.1"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "prettier": "^1.19.1"
+  },
+  "keywords": [
+    "gatsby"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "gatsby build",
+    "develop": "gatsby develop",
+    "format": "prettier --write \"**/*.{js,jsx,json,md}\"",
+    "start": "npm run develop",
+    "serve": "gatsby serve",
+    "clean": "gatsby clean",
+    "test": "echo \"Write tests! -> https://gatsby.dev/unit-testing\" && exit 1"
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby-starter-default"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/issues"
+  }
+}