distort_mesh.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# In Blender, perform mesh modifications.
#
# Usage:
#   This script is to be run from within the Blender GUI. Tested in Blender
#   2.92, 3.0.1 and 3.2.
#   distort_mesh.py <mesh_path> <object_prefix> [distort_extent] [method]
#   where
#   mesh_path: Absolute path to mesh file
#   object_prefix: Prefix of object name in Scene Collection in Blender. The
#     prefix instead of the name is required, because if the script is
#     repeatedly run, Blender will append numerical suffixes .001, .002, etc.
#     to the object name.
#   distort_extent: A floating point number in the range of [0, 1]
#   method: A list of strings. Distortion operations, in order of desired
#     execution.
#
#   Example from command line:
#   $ blender -b -P distort_mesh.py -- /path/to/mesh.obj object_prefix 0.005 "['subdiv_mod', 'vert_rand', 'edge_subdiv']"
#
#   Example from Blender Scripting GUI Python command line:
#   >>> file_path = '/path/to/mesh.dae'
#   >>> object_prefix = 'Cube'
#   >>> distort_extent = 0.005  # float in range [0, 1]
#   >>> method = ['subdiv_mod', 'vert_rand', 'edge_subdiv']
#   >>> sys.argv = [file_path, object_prefix, distort_extent, method]
#   >>> exec(open('/path/to/distort_mesh.py').read());
#

import bpy

import os
import sys

import numpy as np


def find_target_object(object_prefix):

    target_obj = None
    object_name = None

    # Find the object that matches the name prefix. Assume the first one.
    for obj in bpy.data.objects:
        if obj.name.startswith(object_prefix):
            target_obj = bpy.data.objects[obj.name]
            object_name = obj.name
            break
    if target_obj == None:
        print('ERROR: Object with prefix [{}] not found'.format(object_prefix))
        return None

    return target_obj, object_name


# shading: 'WIREFRAME', 'SOLID', 'MATERIAL', or 'RENDERED'
def viewport_shading(shading):
    print('Changing viewport shading to {}...'.format(shading))
    areas = bpy.context.workspace.screens[0].areas
    for ar in areas:
        for spc in ar.spaces:
            if spc.type == 'VIEW_3D':
                spc.shading.type = shading


def subdivision_modifier(obj, levels=2):

    if levels == 0:
        print('Subdivision modifier level is 0, skipping')
        return

    print('Applying subdivision modifier with level {}...'.format(levels))

    viewport_shading('WIREFRAME')

    # Select the object
    obj.select_set(True)
    # Set active object, otherwise incorrect context
    bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj

    # subdivision modifier
    mod = obj.modifiers.new(name='Subdivision', type='SUBSURF')

    mod.subdivision_type = 'SIMPLE'
    mod.show_only_control_edges = False
    mod.levels = levels

    print(bpy.ops.object.modifier_apply(modifier='Subdivision'))


# Randomize mesh vertices
# offset (float in [-inf, inf], (optional)): Amount, Distance to offset. Meters
# uniform (float in [0, 1], (optional)): Uniform, Increase for uniform offset
#     distance
# normal (float in [0, 1], (optional)): Normal, Align offset direction to
#     normals
# seed (int in [0, 10000], (optional)): Random Seed
def mesh_vert_randomize(obj, offset=0.0, uniform=0.0, normal=1.0, seed=0):

    print('Applying mesh vertex randomization with offset {}...'.format(offset))

    # Set active object, otherwise incorrect context
    bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj

    # Go into Edit mode
    bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='EDIT')

    bpy.ops.mesh.select_all(action='SELECT')

    # Offset is in meters
    print(bpy.ops.transform.vertex_random(offset=offset, uniform=uniform,
        normal=normal, seed=seed))

    # Go back to object mode
    bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='OBJECT')


def edge_subdivide(obj, ncuts=1, smooth=1.0):

    print('Applying edge subdivide with number of cuts {}...'.format(ncuts))

    # Set active object, otherwise incorrect context
    bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj

    # Go into Edit mode
    bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='EDIT')

    bpy.ops.mesh.select_all(action='SELECT')

    print(bpy.ops.mesh.subdivide(number_cuts=ncuts, smoothness=smooth,
        ngon=True, quadcorner='STRAIGHT_CUT', fractal=0.0,
        fractal_along_normal=0.0, seed=0))

    # Go back to object mode
    bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='OBJECT')


# file_path: Full path to input file
# object_prefix: Prefix of the mesh name found in the 3D model file
# distort_extent: relative scale, in range [0.0, 1.0]
# method: List of strings, a subset of those defined in METHODS
def distort(file_path, object_prefix, distort_extent, method):

    # Sanity checks
    if not os.path.exists(file_path):
        print('ERROR: File does not exist: [{}]'.format(file_path))
        return
    if distort_extent < 0.0 or distort_extent > 1.0:
        print('ERROR: distort_extent ({}) must be in range [0.0, 1.0]'.format(
            distort_extent))
        return
    if not isinstance(method, list):
        print('ERROR: method parameter "%s" must be specified as a list' % method)
        return

    # Clear scene
    bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='SELECT')
    bpy.ops.object.delete()

    # Open file
    if file_path.lower().endswith('dae'):
        bpy.ops.wm.collada_import(filepath=file_path)
    elif file_path.lower().endswith('obj'):
        bpy.ops.import_scene.obj(filepath=file_path, axis_forward='X',
            axis_up='Z')
    else:
        print('ERROR: Only COLLADA (.dae) and OBJ formats are supported for importing at the moment.')
        return

    objs = find_target_object(object_prefix)
    if objs is None:
        print('Error detected. Aborting')
        return
    target_obj, object_name = objs

    print('Distorting mesh [{}] for relative extent {} out of [0, 1]...'.format(
        object_name, distort_extent))

    METHODS = ['subdiv_mod', 'vert_rand', 'edge_subdiv']
    for step in method:

        if not step in METHODS:
            print('ERROR: Unrecognized step {}'.format(step))
            print('Available steps are:')
            for m in METHODS:
                print(m)
            print('Aborting')
            break

        if step == 'subdiv_mod':
            # Figure out levels magnitude
            SUBDIV_LVL_MIN = 0
            # This might need tuning
            SUBDIV_LVL_MAX = 4
            # Must be integer
            subdiv_lvl = round(SUBDIV_LVL_MIN + (
                (SUBDIV_LVL_MAX - SUBDIV_LVL_MIN) * distort_extent))

            subdivision_modifier(target_obj, subdiv_lvl)

        elif step == 'vert_rand':
            # Meters
            VERT_RAND_MIN = 0
            # Set max in terms of object dimensions. This might need tuning.
            VERT_RAND_MAX = 10 * np.max(target_obj.dimensions)

            # Figure out offset magnitude
            vert_rand_amt = VERT_RAND_MIN + (
                (VERT_RAND_MAX - VERT_RAND_MIN) * distort_extent)

            mesh_vert_randomize(target_obj, vert_rand_amt, uniform=0.0,
                normal=1.0, seed=0)

        elif step == 'edge_subdiv':

            edge_subdivide(target_obj)

    # Export result to file
    out_path = os.path.splitext(file_path)[0] + '_distort' + \
        os.path.splitext(file_path)[1]
    # NOTE: COLLADA is not exporting texture correctly, not sure why.
    # NOTE: collada_export() does not expose relative path option.
    if out_path.lower().endswith('dae'):
        bpy.ops.wm.collada_export(filepath=out_path)
    elif out_path.lower().endswith('obj'):
        bpy.ops.export_scene.obj(filepath=out_path, path_mode='RELATIVE',
            axis_forward='X', axis_up='Z')
    else:
        print('ERROR: Only COLLADA (.dae) and OBJ formats are supported for exporting at the moment.')
        return

    print('Exported result to [{}]'.format(out_path))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Default values
    distort_extent = 0.1
    method = ['subdiv_mod', 'vert_rand', 'edge_subdiv']

    # Parse everything after `--`
    argStartI = 0
    for i in range(len(sys.argv)):
        if sys.argv[i] == '--':
            argStartI = i + 1
            break

    # Parse args
    if len(sys.argv) - argStartI < 2:
        print('ERROR: Mesh name prefix not provided. No object to distort.')
    else:
        file_path = sys.argv[argStartI]
        object_prefix = sys.argv[argStartI + 1]
        if len(sys.argv) - argStartI > 1:
            distort_extent = float(sys.argv[argStartI + 2])
        if len(sys.argv) - argStartI > 2:
            # If arg is not already a list (happens when script run from
            # bash command line, for example, as opposed to Blender Python
            # prompt), convert string literal of a list, to a list.
            if type(sys.argv[argStartI + 3]) != list:
                import ast
                method = ast.literal_eval(sys.argv[argStartI + 3])

        distort(file_path, object_prefix, distort_extent, method)