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#!/bin/bash | ||
gmt psbasemap -R10/70/-3/8 -JX8c/5c -Bx10 -By3 -B+t"Linear X-Y Plot" > GMT_tutor1_1.ps | ||
rm gmt.* |
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#!/bin/bash | ||
gmt psbasemap -R1/10000/1e20/1e25 -JX15cl/10cl -Bxa2+l"Wavelength (m)" -Bya1pf3+l"Power (W)" -BWS > GMT_tutor1_2.ps | ||
rm gmt.* |
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#!/bin/bash | ||
gmt pscoast -R-90/-70/0/20 -JM6i -P -Ba -Gchocolate > GMT_tutor1_3.ps | ||
rm gmt.* |
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#!/bin/bash | ||
gmt pscoast -Rg -JK180/9i -Bag -Dc -A5000 -Gchocolate -SDarkTurquoise -Wthinnest > GMT_tutor1_4.ps | ||
rm gmt.* |
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入门示例1 | ||
========= | ||
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这一节将使用GMT的 ``psbasemap`` 和 ``pscoast`` 模块绘制简单的坐标轴以及世界地图。 | ||
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线性投影 | ||
--------- | ||
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GMT可以绘制最简单的线性X-Y图。 | ||
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.. literalinclude:: ../scripts/GMT_tutor1_1.sh | ||
:language: bash | ||
:lines: 2 | ||
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绘图结果如图所示: | ||
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.. figure:: /images/GMT_tutor1_1.* | ||
:width: 500 px | ||
:align: center | ||
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线性X-Y图 | ||
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在这个示例中: | ||
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- ``-R10/70/-3/8`` 设置了X轴范围是10到70,Y轴范围为-3到8 | ||
- ``-JX8c/5c`` 指定了整张图为线性投影,图的宽度(X轴长度)为8厘米,图的高度(Y轴长度)为5厘米 | ||
- ``-Bx10 -By3`` 分别设置了X、Y轴标注以及刻度的间隔为10和3 | ||
- ``-B+t"Linear X-Y Plot"`` 为整张图添加了标题 | ||
- ``> GMT_tutor1_1.ps`` GMT绘图模块的输出是PS代码,因而需要使用重定向符号 ``>`` 将PS代码输出到PS文件中 | ||
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你可以尝试如下操作以增进对各个选项的理解: | ||
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#. 修改 ``-JX`` 中的值 | ||
#. 修改 ``-Bx`` 和 ``-By`` 中的值 | ||
#. 修改 ``-R`` 中的值 | ||
#. 增进 ``-P`` 选项并查看效果 | ||
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对数投影 | ||
-------- | ||
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下面展示如何用GMT绘制对数X-Y图。 | ||
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.. literalinclude:: ../scripts/GMT_tutor1_2.sh | ||
:language: bash | ||
:lines: 2 | ||
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绘图结果如图所示: | ||
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.. figure:: /images/GMT_tutor1_2.* | ||
:width: 500 px | ||
:align: center | ||
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对数X-Y图 | ||
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此示例中: | ||
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- ``-R1/10000/1e20/1e25`` 设置了X和Y轴的范围 | ||
- ``-JX15cl/10cl`` 中 ``l`` 表明用对数轴表示 | ||
- ``-B`` 选项中 ``+l`` 用于指定每个轴的轴标签 | ||
- ``-BWS`` 表示只绘制图边框左(W)和下(S)边框 | ||
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试试看: | ||
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#. 将 ``-Bya1pf3`` 改成 ``-Bya1f3`` | ||
#. 将 ``-BWS`` 改成 ``-BWSen`` 、 ``-BWSEN`` 、 ``-BwsEN`` 等 | ||
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区域地图 | ||
--------- | ||
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GMT自带了海岸线数据,通过 ``pscoast`` 模块可以直接调用。 | ||
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.. literalinclude:: ../scripts/GMT_tutor1_3.sh | ||
:language: bash | ||
:lines: 2 | ||
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绘图结果如图所示: | ||
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.. figure:: /images/GMT_tutor1_3.* | ||
:width: 500 px | ||
:align: center | ||
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区域地图 | ||
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此示例中使用 ``pscoast`` 绘制了拉丁美洲区域的海岸线。 | ||
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- ``-R-90/-70/0/20`` 指定了地理区域的范围 | ||
- ``-JM6i`` 表示使用墨卡托投影,地图的宽度为6英寸,高度由投影自动决定 | ||
- ``-Ba`` 会根据地理范围以及图片大小自动计算出适合的标注和刻度间隔 | ||
- ``-Gchocolate`` 将陆地区域填充颜色chocolate | ||
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``pscoast`` 还有很多常用的选项: | ||
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#. ``-D`` 选项海岸线数据的精度 | ||
#. ``-G`` 设置陆地区域的填充色 | ||
#. ``-S`` 设置海洋、湖泊区域的填充色 | ||
#. ``-W`` 绘制海岸线,并设置海岸线的画笔属性 | ||
#. ``-N`` 绘制政治边界 | ||
#. ``-I`` 绘制河流 | ||
#. ``-L`` 在图上绘制比例尺 | ||
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试试看: | ||
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#. 加上 ``-V`` 选项 | ||
#. 修改 ``-R`` 选择中的地理范围 | ||
#. 加上 ``-W1p`` 选项 | ||
#. 加上 ``-N1/thickest -N2/thinnest`` 选项 | ||
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全球地图 | ||
--------- | ||
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.. literalinclude:: ../scripts/GMT_tutor1_4.sh | ||
:language: bash | ||
:lines: 2 | ||
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绘图结果如图所示: | ||
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.. figure:: /images/GMT_tutor1_4.* | ||
:width: 500 px | ||
:align: center | ||
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全球地图 | ||
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此示例中: | ||
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#. ``-JK180/9i`` 表明使用Eckert投影,地图中心位于经度180度,地图宽度为9英寸 |