net/http: add Client.Timeout for end-to-end timeouts

Fixes #3362

LGTM=josharian
R=golang-codereviews, josharian
CC=adg, dsymonds, golang-codereviews, n13m3y3r
https://golang.org/cl/70120045

src/pkg/net/http/client.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
 )
 
 // A Client is an HTTP client. Its zero value (DefaultClient) is a
@@ -52,6 +54,21 @@ type Client struct {
 	// If Jar is nil, cookies are not sent in requests and ignored
 	// in responses.
 	Jar CookieJar
+
+	// Timeout specifies the end-to-end timeout for requests made
+	// via this Client. The timeout includes connection time, any
+	// redirects, and reading the response body. The timeout
+	// remains running once Get, Head, Post, or Do returns and
+	// will interrupt the read of the Response.Body if EOF hasn't
+	// been reached.
+	//
+	// A Timeout of zero means no timeout.
+	//
+	// The Client's Transport must support the CancelRequest
+	// method or Client will return errors when attempting to make
+	// a request with Get, Head, Post, or Do. Client's default
+	// Transport (DefaultTransport) supports CancelRequest.
+	Timeout time.Duration
 }
 
 // DefaultClient is the default Client and is used by Get, Head, and Post.
@@ -97,7 +114,7 @@ func (c *Client) send(req *Request) (*Response, error) {
 			req.AddCookie(cookie)
 		}
 	}
-	resp, err := send(req, c.Transport)
+	resp, err := send(req, c.transport())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -134,15 +151,18 @@ func (c *Client) Do(req *Request) (resp *Response, err error) {
 	return c.send(req)
 }
 
+func (c *Client) transport() RoundTripper {
+	if c.Transport != nil {
+		return c.Transport
+	}
+	return DefaultTransport
+}
+
 // send issues an HTTP request.
 // Caller should close resp.Body when done reading from it.
 func send(req *Request, t RoundTripper) (resp *Response, err error) {
 	if t == nil {
-		t = DefaultTransport
-		if t == nil {
-			err = errors.New("http: no Client.Transport or DefaultTransport")
-			return
-		}
+		return nil, errors.New("http: no Client.Transport or DefaultTransport")
 	}
 
 	if req.URL == nil {
@@ -260,34 +280,55 @@ func (c *Client) doFollowingRedirects(ireq *Request, shouldRedirect func(int) bo
 		return nil, errors.New("http: nil Request.URL")
 	}
 
+	var reqmu sync.Mutex // guards req
 	req := ireq
+
+	var timer *time.Timer
+	if c.Timeout > 0 {
+		type canceler interface {
+			CancelRequest(*Request)
+		}
+		tr, ok := c.transport().(canceler)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("net/http: Client Transport of type %T doesn't support CancelRequest; Timeout not supported", c.transport())
+		}
+		timer = time.AfterFunc(c.Timeout, func() {
+			reqmu.Lock()
+			defer reqmu.Unlock()
+			tr.CancelRequest(req)
+		})
+	}
+
 	urlStr := "" // next relative or absolute URL to fetch (after first request)
 	redirectFailed := false
 	for redirect := 0; ; redirect++ {
 		if redirect != 0 {
-			req = new(Request)
-			req.Method = ireq.Method
+			nreq := new(Request)
+			nreq.Method = ireq.Method
 			if ireq.Method == "POST" || ireq.Method == "PUT" {
-				req.Method = "GET"
+				nreq.Method = "GET"
 			}
-			req.Header = make(Header)
-			req.URL, err = base.Parse(urlStr)
+			nreq.Header = make(Header)
+			nreq.URL, err = base.Parse(urlStr)
 			if err != nil {
 				break
 			}
 			if len(via) > 0 {
 				// Add the Referer header.
 				lastReq := via[len(via)-1]
 				if lastReq.URL.Scheme != "https" {
-					req.Header.Set("Referer", lastReq.URL.String())
+					nreq.Header.Set("Referer", lastReq.URL.String())
 				}
 
-				err = redirectChecker(req, via)
+				err = redirectChecker(nreq, via)
 				if err != nil {
 					redirectFailed = true
 					break
 				}
 			}
+			reqmu.Lock()
+			req = nreq
+			reqmu.Unlock()
 		}
 
 		urlStr = req.URL.String()
@@ -305,7 +346,10 @@ func (c *Client) doFollowingRedirects(ireq *Request, shouldRedirect func(int) bo
 			via = append(via, req)
 			continue
 		}
-		return
+		if timer != nil {
+			resp.Body = &cancelTimerBody{timer, resp.Body}
+		}
+		return resp, nil
 	}
 
 	method := ireq.Method
@@ -408,3 +452,22 @@ func (c *Client) Head(url string) (resp *Response, err error) {
 	}
 	return c.doFollowingRedirects(req, shouldRedirectGet)
 }
+
+type cancelTimerBody struct {
+	t  *time.Timer
+	rc io.ReadCloser
+}
+
+func (b *cancelTimerBody) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = b.rc.Read(p)
+	if err == io.EOF {
+		b.t.Stop()
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (b *cancelTimerBody) Close() error {
+	err := b.rc.Close()
+	b.t.Stop()
+	return err
+}

src/pkg/net/http/client_test.go

@@ -812,3 +812,70 @@ func TestBasicAuth(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid auth %q", auth)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestClientTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skipping in short mode")
+	}
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	sawRoot := make(chan bool, 1)
+	sawSlow := make(chan bool, 1)
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path == "/" {
+			sawRoot <- true
+			Redirect(w, r, "/slow", StatusFound)
+			return
+		}
+		if r.URL.Path == "/slow" {
+			w.Write([]byte("Hello"))
+			w.(Flusher).Flush()
+			sawSlow <- true
+			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+			return
+		}
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+	const timeout = 500 * time.Millisecond
+	c := &Client{
+		Timeout: timeout,
+	}
+
+	res, err := c.Get(ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-sawRoot:
+		// good.
+	default:
+		t.Fatal("handler never got / request")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-sawSlow:
+		// good.
+	default:
+		t.Fatal("handler never got /slow request")
+	}
+
+	var all []byte
+	errc := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		var err error
+		all, err = ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+		errc <- err
+		res.Body.Close()
+	}()
+
+	const failTime = timeout * 2
+	select {
+	case err := <-errc:
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Error("expected error from ReadAll")
+		}
+		t.Logf("Got expected ReadAll error of %v after reading body %q", err, all)
+	case <-time.After(failTime):
+		t.Errorf("timeout after %v waiting for timeout of %v", failTime, timeout)
+	}
+}