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aGreekPrimerLessonFive.tex
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aGreekPrimerLessonFive.tex
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% %%
%% aGreekPrimer, Italian translation 2016.12 - 2017 %%
%% %%
%% From: Clarence W. Gleason, A Greek Primer %%
%% (1903, New York, American Book Company) %%
%% %%
%% https://archive.org/details/greekprimer00glea %%
%% %%
%% Translated by g.p.ciceri <gp.ciceri@gmail.com> %%
%% ---------------------------------------------------------- %%
%% This translation is Licensed under %%
%% Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International %%
%% https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ %%
%% %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% ᾶῖῶῆῦ
% ἀἰὐἐὀὠἠ
% ὰὲὶὸὺὼὴ
% ἁἱὑὁὡἡῥ
% άέίόύήώΆΉ
% ἂἒὒἲὂὢἢὒἚἊ
% ἃἳὓὃἣὣἓἋἛ
% ἄἔἴὄὔὤἤἌἬ
% ἅἕἵὅὕὥἥἍἭ
% ἆὦἶἦὖἯἏὯἇὧἷἧὗἯἏὯ
% ᾳῃῳ
% ᾱῑῡ
% ᾀᾐᾠ
% ᾰῐῠ
% ᾂᾒᾢ
% ϊ ϋ
% ᾄᾔᾤ
% ΰ ΐ
% ᾆᾖᾦ
% ᾲῂῲ
% ᾴῄῴ
% ᾷῇῷ
\documentclass[nols]{tufte-handout}
%\geometry{showframe} % display margins for debugging page layout
\usepackage{fontspec}
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\setmainfont[Path=./fonts/palatino-linotype/, ItalicFont=palai.ttf, BoldFont=palab.ttf]{pala.ttf}
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\newfontfamily\GFSDidot[Path=./fonts/GFS_Didot/]{GFSDidot.ttf}
\newcommand{\didobf}[1]{{\GFSDidotBf #1}}
\newcommand{\dido}[1]{{\GFSDidot #1}}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{stackengine}
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% concetti morfosintattici
\usepackage{xspace}
\newcommand{\noun}{\textsc{sostantivo}\xspace}
\newcommand{\nouns}{\textsc{sostantivi}\xspace}
\newcommand{\adject}{\textsc{aggettivo}\xspace}
\newcommand{\adjects}{\textsc{aggettivi}\xspace}
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\newcommand{\gen}{\textsc{gen}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dat}{\textsc{dat}\xspace}
\newcommand{\acc}{\textsc{acc}\xspace}
\newcommand{\voc}{\textsc{voc}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gexit}{\textsc{uscita}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gexits}{\textsc{uscite}\xspace}
\newcommand{\declinazione}{\textsc{declinazione}\xspace}
\newcommand{\masc}{\textsc{maschile}\xspace}
\newcommand{\femm}{\textsc{femminile}\xspace}
\newcommand{\neut}{\textsc{neutro}\xspace}
\newcommand{\indic}{\textsc{indicativo}\xspace}
\newcommand{\imper}{\textsc{imperativo}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gcong}{\textsc{congiuntivo}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ott}{\textsc{ottativo}\xspace}
\newcommand{\partic}{\textsc{participio}\xspace}
\newcommand{\infin}{\textsc{infinito}\xspace}
\newcommand{\pres}{\textsc{presente}\xspace}
\newcommand{\imperf}{\textsc{imperfetto}\xspace}
\newcommand{\aor}{\textsc{aoristo}\xspace}
\newcommand{\fut}{\textsc{futuro}\xspace}
\newcommand{\sing}{\textsc{singolare}\xspace}
\newcommand{\plur}{\textsc{plurale}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dual}{\textsc{duale}\xspace}
% italianitudini
\renewcommand{\figurename}{Figura}
\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tabella}
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% fix per un qualche problema
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\title{A Greek Primer. Introduzione al Greco Antico \newline Lezione V - L'imperfetto indicativo attivo. L'aumento.}
\author[gpciceri]{a cura di Milagathòs: Milo's help to enjoy humanities}
\date{31 Dicembre 2016} % without \date command, current date is supplied
\begin{document}
\maketitle% this prints the handout title, author, and date
\begin{marginfigure}[-2.5cm]
\includegraphics{smallthumb-lesson_I.jpeg}
\setfloatalignment{b}
\end{marginfigure}
\begin{abstract}
\noindent
Queste lezioni si articolano in \textsc{elementi grammaticali},
espressi sommariamente, seguiti da \textsc{vocabolari} per il lessico di base
e da \textsc{frasi da tradurre} dal greco e in greco.
\
L'approccio è quello del testo-laboratorio di morfosintassi:
si presenta punto per punto - riprendendone la numerazione -
l'esposizione di Gleason\cite{gleason1903}.\\
\bigskip
\noindent
Lezione V: l'imperfetto indicativo attivo, l'aumento sillabico e l'aumento temporale, le desinenze personali dei tempi secondari, vocabolario, esercizi.
\end{abstract}
%\printclassoptions
\newthought{73.} Nei tempi secondari\sidenote{imperfetto, aoristo, piuccheperfetto} dell'indicativo il verbo riceve, al suo inizio, un \textit{aumento}, che denota l'azione passata.
L'aumento può essere di due tipi.
\newthought{74. Aumento sillabico} L'imperfetto e l'aoristo indicativo dei verbi che iniziano per consonante
presentano come prefisso una sillaba \didobf{ε}, come in \didobf{ἔ-λυον} (imperfetto indicativo di \didobf{λύω}), \textit{io scioglievo}.
Questo fenomeno viene detto \textit{aumento sillabico}.
\newthought{74. Aumento temporale} L'imperfetto e l'aoristo indicativo dei verbi che iniziano per vocale o per dittongo
allungano la prima vocale, come in \didobf{ἦ-γον} (imperfetto indicativo di \didobf{ἄγω}), \textit{io conducevo}.
\begin{multicols}{2}
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{α, ε} diventano \didobf{η}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{ι, ο, υ} diventano \didobf{ῑ, ω, ῡ}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{αι , ᾳ} diventano \didobf{ῃ}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{οι} diventa \didobf{ῳ}. \\
\end{multicols}
Questo fenomeno viene detto \textit{aumento temporale}.
\newthought{76. L'Imperfetto Indicativo Attivo}
\begin{fullwidth}
\begin{table}[!htbp]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l}
%\toprule
\multicolumn{5}{c}{\textsc{coniugazione dell'imperfetto indicativo attivo}} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\didobf{λύω}} & \didobf{ἄγω} & \didobf{γράφω} \\
%\midrule
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{\textsc{singolare}} \\
\textsc{1.} & \didobf{ἔλυ-ον} & \textit{io scioglievo} & \didobf{ἦγον} & \didobf{ἔγραφον} \\
\textsc{2.} & \didobf{ἔλυ-ες} & \textit{tu scioglievi} & \didobf{ἦγες} & \didobf{ἔγραφες} \\
\textsc{3.} & \didobf{ἔλυ-ε} & \textit{egli scioglieva} & \didobf{ἦγε} & \didobf{ἔγραφε} \\
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{\textsc{plurale}} \\
\textsc{1.} & \didobf{ἔλυ-ομεν} & \textit{noi scioglievamo} & \didobf{ἦγομεν} & \didobf{ἔγραφομεν} \\
\textsc{2.} & \didobf{ἔλυ-ετε} & \textit{voi scioglievate} & \didobf{ἦγετε} & \didobf{ἔγραφετε} \\
\textsc{3.} & \didobf{ἔλυ-ον} & \textit{essi sciolgevano} & \didobf{ἦγουσι} & \didobf{ἔγραφον} \\
%\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{λύω, ἄγω, γράφω: imperfetto indicativo attivo}
\label{tab:normaltab}
%\zsavepos{pos:normaltab}
\end{table}
\end{fullwidth}
\newthought{Osservazioni}
\begin{itemize}
\item[\textsc{1.}] L'imperfetto è formato a partire dal tema del presente \didobf{λυ(ο-/ε-)}.
\item[\textsc{2.}] Confronta le terminazioni dell'imperfetto con quelle del presente (45) e impara le \textit{desinenze personali dei tempi secondari}.
\begin{table}[!htbp]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l c l}
\textsc{singolare} & \hspace{10 mm} & \textsc{plurale} \\
\didobf{ν} & \hspace{10 mm} & \didobf{μεν} \\
\didobf{ς} & \hspace{10 mm} & \didobf{τε} \\
\textemdash & \hspace{10 mm} & \didobf{ν} \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{desinenze personali dei tempi secondari}
\label{tab:normaltab}
%\zsavepos{pos:normaltab}
\end{table}
\item[\textsc{3.}] Osserva l'effetto sull'accento dell'aumento temporale \didobf{ἦγον} (da \didobf{ἄγω}).
\item[\textsc{4. Esercizio}] Scrivi l'imperfetto indicativo di \didobf{ἁρπάζω, παίω, πέμπω}.
\end{itemize}
\newthought{77. Vocabolario}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{ἄγγελος}, \textit{messaggero}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{ἀδελφός}, \textit{fratello}\marginnote{Il vocativo ha accento irregolare, \didobf{ἄδελφε}}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{θεός}, \textit{dio}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{παιδίον}, \textit{bambino}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{πλοῖον}, \textit{barca}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{δίκαιος, δίκαιον}, agg. \textit{giusto, corretto}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{πέντε}, agg.indecl. \textit{cinque}. \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{τίς; τί;} pronome \textit{chi? cosa?} \\
\noindent \hangindent=1em \didobf{ἐπί}, prep. con gen. \textit{in}; con dat. \textit{su, da}; con acc. \textit{a, contro}.\\
\end{multicols}
\newthought{78. Traduci:}
\textsc{1.}~\dido{οἱ τῶν θεῶν λόγοι ἦσαν σοφοί.} \quad
\textsc{2.}~\dido{τοῖς θεοῖς ἔθυον οἱ δίκαιοι ἄνθρωποι ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ.} \quad
\textsc{3.}~\dido{τίς γὰρ ἦγε τὰ παιδία ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόν;} \quad
\textsc{4.}~\dido{καὶ πέντε δοῦλοι ἔφευγον εἰς τὸ πεδίον.} \quad
\textsc{5.}~\dido{ὁ δὲ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀγγέλου ἔμενεν ἐν τῷ πλοιῷ.} \quad
\textsc{6.}~\dido{ἐπὶ γὰρ τῷ ποταμῷ ἔχει πλοῖον καλόν, δῶρον τοῦ (suo) ἀδελφοῦ.} \quad
\textsc{7.}~\dido{τίς δὲ ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππους; τί ἄχει ὀ ἄγγελος;} \quad
\textsc{8.}~\dido{τὸ παιδίον ἔλειπε τὸ ἱμάτιον ἐν τῷ ἰερῷ.} \quad
\textsc{9.}~\dido{ἐβάλλομεν, ἐπαίετε, κελεύσεις, ἥρπαζον.} \quad
\newthought{79. Scrivi in greco:}
\textsc{1.}~Egli non sacrificherà al saggio dio. \quad
\textsc{2.}~Infatti scrisse giuste parole. \quad
\textsc{3.}~Nella pianura vi erano cinque fiumi.
\newthought{80.}
\stackunder{\didobf{Διάλογος.}}{\scriptsize{Dialogo.}} \textemdash
\stackunder{\didobf{Θωμᾶς}}{\scriptsize{Tommaso}} \didobf{καὶ ὁ}
\stackunder{\didobf{Μαθητής}}{\scriptsize{Scolaro}}
\begin{itemize}
\item[\dido{Θ.}] \stackunder{Ἀλλὰ}{\scriptsize{Ma}}
\stackunder{νῦν}{\scriptsize{ora,}},
\stackunder{ὦ}{\scriptsize{o}} ἄδελφε, τί
\stackunder{τήμερον}{\scriptsize{oggi}}
\stackunder{ἔμαθες}{\scriptsize{hai imparato}} ἐν τῷ
\stackunder{διδασκαλείῷ;}{\scriptsize{scuola?}}
\item[\dido{Μ.}] \stackunder{Πολλὰ δὴ ἔμαθον,}{\scriptsize{Molte cose,}}
\stackunder{Θωμασίδιον,}{\scriptsize{Tommasino,}}
\stackunder{μάλιστα}{\scriptsize{specialmente}} δὲ τὰ
\stackunder{Ἑλληνικὰ}{\scriptsize{greci}}
\stackunder{ὀνόματα.}{\scriptsize{nomi.}}
\item[\dido{Θ.}] Τὰ δὲ Ἑλληνικὰ \stackunder{χαλεπά}{\scriptsize{difficile}}
\stackunder{ἐστιν;}{\scriptsize{è?}}
\item[\dido{Μ.}]\stackunder{Οὐ δῆτα·}{\scriptsize{No, davvero:}}\quad
\stackunder{ἐποί}{\scriptsize{a me}}\quad
\stackunder{γε}{\scriptsize{almeno}}\quad
\stackunder{δοκεῖ}{\scriptsize{sembra}}\quad
\stackunder{ῥᾴονα}{\scriptsize{più facile}}
\stackunder{ἢ}{\scriptsize{del}} ἡ Λατίνη.
\item[\dido{Θ.}] \stackunder{Καλὸν τοὺτο·}{\scriptsize{Benissimo!}} τὴν γὰρ Λατίνην
\stackunder{μισῶ.}{\scriptsize{detesto}} νὺν δὲ
\stackunder{ἴωμεν}{\scriptsize{andiamo}}
\stackunder{παιξόμενοι.}{\scriptsize{a giocare.}}
\item[\dido{Μ.}] Οὐ δῆτα· τὰ γὰρ
\stackunder{ἐπίθετα}{\scriptsize{aggettivi}} \quad
\stackunder{οὔπω}{\scriptsize{non ancora}} \quad
\stackunder{μεμάθηκα.}{\scriptsize{ho imparato}}
\item[\dido{Θ.}] \stackunder{Βαβαί.}{\scriptsize{Oh cielo!}}
\end{itemize}
\begin{figure}[!b]
\includegraphics{thumb-lesson_V.jpeg}
\caption{Museo Nazionale di Archeologia di Atene}
\label{fig:textfig}
%\zsavepos{pos:textfig}
\setfloatalignment{b}
\end{figure}
\nobibliography{greekBiblio}
\bibliographystyle{alpha}
\end{document}