Number stdlib Libary: Add following functions and values

[spotandjake]

Add The Following Functions to the number Libary.

• Number.sin()
• Number.cos()
• Number.tan()
• Number.asin()
• Number.acos()
• Number.atan()
• Number.atan2()
• Number.log()
• Number.log2()
• Number.log10()
• Number.factorial()
• Number.pow()
• Number.sign()
• Number.parseInt()
• Number.parseFloat()
• Number.toFixed()
• Number.lerp()
• Number.map()
• Number.toRadian: (degree: Number) => Number
• Number.toDegree: (radian: Number) => Number
• Number.exp()
• Number.exp2()
• Number.exp10()
  Along with the following values
• Number.PI
  And probably confirm that sin, cos, tan all would work on radians and maybe think about having a degrees to radian conversion along with a radians to degrees.

[cician]

I'd also add:

• A tau constant (https://www.khanacademy.org/math/trigonometry/unit-circle-trig-func/long-live-tau/v/tau-versus-pi) along with PI.
• lerp (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_interpolation)
• atan2 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan2)
• exp (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function)

For logarithms it's useful to have three variants for most common bases: log2, log10 and log for the natural logarithm. Same for exp.

Trigonometric functions should definitely take radians and conversion functions would be nice.

[spotandjake]

#1373 has been closed as the new plan is to use The range type I am linking it because it still contains some useful stuff related to documenting the map, clamp and lerp functions.