/
index.php
358 lines (266 loc) · 15.5 KB
/
index.php
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>grml.org - FAQ</title>
<meta name="Title" content="grml.org - FAQ" />
<meta name="Author" content="the grml team [www.grml.org/team/]" />
<meta name="Keywords" content="grml.org, grml" />
<meta name="Description" content="FAQ of grml.org" />
<meta name="Abstract" content="grml, just another linux-distribution" />
<meta name="fdse-index-as" content="http://www.grml.org/faq/" />
<meta name="Robots" content="index,follow" />
<meta name="Language" content="english" />
<meta name="identifier-url" content="http://www.grml.org/" />
<meta name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="true" />
<meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="no" />
<link rel="home" href="/" title="grml.org" />
<link rel="help" href="/features/" title="About" />
<link rel="author" href="/team/" title="Team" />
<link rel="icon" href="/favicon.png" type="image/png" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<?php include '../static.inc'; ?>
<div class="content">
<p><img style="float: right" src="/img/clanbomber.png" alt="*" /></p>
<h1 align="center">FAQ for grml</h1>
<p><strong>Up2date:</strong> 2011-12-09 - applies to Grml releases version 2011.12</p>
<p><a name="toc"></a><strong>Index:</strong></p>
<p class="toc"><a href="#general">General:</a></p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#whatis">What is Grml?</a></li>
<li><a href="#get">Where do I get Grml?</a></li>
<li><a href="#whatmeans">What does Grml mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#releasename">What about the release name?</a></li>
<li><a href="#requirements">Requirements for running Grml</a></li>
<li><a href="#bootoptions">Which bootoptions does Grml support?</a></li>
</ol>
<p class="toc"><a href="#features">Features</a>:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#usbboot">How do I boot Grml from a USB stick?</a></li>
<li><a href="#persistency">Is it possible to store my settings?</a></li>
<li><a href="#known_issues">Are there any known issues with this release? How about reporting bugs?</a></li>
<li><a href="#password">What are the passwords of users on Grml?</a></li>
<li><a href="#version">How do I find out the version of Grml</a></li>
<li><a href="#language">How do I change the language/keyboard settings?</a></li>
<li><a href="#wms">Which window managers can I use?</a></li>
<li><a href="#lvm">Where are my LVM devices?</a></li>
<li><a href="#swraid">Where are my Software-RAID devices?</a></li>
<li><a href="#booting">Which ways exist to boot Grml?</a></li>
<li><a href="#timezone">How do I configure timezone on my Grml system?</a></li>
<li><a href="#hdinstall">Is it possible to install Grml to harddisk?</a></li>
</ol>
<p class="toc"><a href="#software">Software:</a></p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#sw_version">Which package(s) and which version is available?</a></li>
<li><a href="#zsh">Why is Zsh the default shell?</a></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<p class="toc"><a href="#stuff">Support / Unanswered stuff</a></p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#questions">Further questions?</a></li>
<li><a href="#support">Commercial Support</a></li>
</ol>
<h2><a name="general"></a><a href="#toc">General</a></h2>
<h3><a name="whatis"></a><a href="#toc">What is Grml?</a></h3>
<p>Grml is a bootable CD (Live-CD) based
on <a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</a>. It is not
necessary to install anything to a harddisk. Grml includes a
collection of GNU/Linux software especially for system
administrators. It specializes on administrative tasks like
installation, deployment and system rescue.</p>
<h3><a name="get"></a><a href="#toc">Where do I get Grml?</a></h3>
<p>Grml is open source, you can download it from the mirrors
listed at <a href="/download">grml.org/download/</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="whatmeans"></a><a href="#toc">What does Grml mean?</a></h3>
<p>Grml comes close to 'argl' or 'grrr' in English. People use
this when they want to express their dissatisfaction with
software (amongst other things).</p>
<h3><a name="releasename"></a><a href="#toc">What about the release name?</a></h3>
<p>Codename of Grml 2011.12 is "Knetch Rootrecht". It's a wordplay on
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas">Knecht
Ruprecht</a>, which translates as Farmhand Ruprecht or Servant
Ruprecht.</p>
<h3><a name="requirements"></a><a href="#toc">Requirements for running Grml</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>Intel-compatible CPU (i586 or later, preferably Pentium class or higher)</li>
<li>>=128MB of RAM (>=256MB recommended)</p>
<li>either a bootable CD-/DVD-ROM drive,
a <a href="#usbboot">USB-boot capable system</a> or a
network card for booting via network/PXE (check
out <a href="#terminalserver">grml-terminalserver</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h3><a name="accessibility"></a><a href="#toc">What does accessibility at Grml mean?</a></h3>
<p>The Grml kernel includes support for speakup and software
like brltty (using bootoption 'grml blind
brltty=type,port,tbl') and espeakup.</p>
<h3><a name="bootoptions"></a><a href="#toc">Which bootoptions does Grml support?</a></h3>
<p>Check out the <a
href="http://git.grml.org/?p=grml-live.git;a=blob_plain;f=templates/GRML/grml-cheatcodes.txt;hb=HEAD">grml-cheatcodes
file</a> (also available via <a href="http://grml.org/cheatcodes/">grml.org/cheatcodes/</a>). Of
course <a
href="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt">kernel-parameters.txt</a>
of the Linux kernel applies to Grml as well.</p>
<h3><a name="usbboot"></a><a href="#toc">How do I boot Grml from a USB stick?</a></h3>
<!-- TODO: needs to be improved! -->
<p>Check
out <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=usb#grml2usb">grml2usb</a>
at the
<a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=usb">usb webpage in the
grml-wiki.</a></p>
<h3><a name="store"></a><a name="persistency"></a><a href="#toc">Is it possible to store my settings?</a></h3>
<p>Yes, using the
a <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=persistency">persistency
feature</a>.</p>
<h2><a name="problems"></a><a href="#toc">Problems</a></h2>
<a name="release"></a> <!-- old anchor -->
<a name="bugreport"></a> <!-- old anchor -->
<h3><a name="known_issues"></a><a href="#toc">Are there any known issues? How about reporting bugs?</a></h3>
<p>Please visit the <a href="/bugs/">bug webpage</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="password"></a><a href="#toc">What are the passwords of users on Grml?</a></h3>
<p>There are no default passwords - all accounts are locked by
default for security reasons. Even local logins are not
possible (unless you set a password or create new user
accounts as root). You can create valid passwords using "sudo
passwd [username]" from the shell individually.</p>
<h3><a name="version"></a><a href="#toc">How do I find out the version of Grml</a></h3>
<p>Run 'grml-version' or use the following command:</p>
<pre class="rahmen">
$ cat /etc/grml_version</pre>
<h3><a name="language"></a><a href="#toc">How do I change the language/keyboard settings?</a></h3>
<p>By default Grml uses english settings. But it is possible to
change the settings via using either the bootparam(s) lang,
keyboard and xkeyboard or via executing grml-lang when Grml is
already running. Usage examples:</p>
<pre class="rahmen">
grml lang=de # enter this at the bootprompt and you will get
# german keyboard layout and german $LANG, $LC_ALL,
# $LANGUAGE...
grml keyboard=de xkeyboard=de lang=at # enter this at the bootprompt
# and you will get german keyboard and austrian
# language variables
% grml-lang de # enter this in the shell to switch keyboard layout
# and $LANG settings in a running Grml system
</pre>
<p>Note: run grml-setlang to get a dialog based frontend for
/etc/default/locale. Run grml-setkeyboard to get a dialog
based frontend for /etc/sysconfig/keyboard.</p>
<h3><a name="wms"></a><a href="#toc">Which window managers can I use?</a></h3>
<p>Starting with the 2011.12 release Grml provides just
the <a href="http://www.fluxbox.org/">Fluxbox</a> window
manager.</p>
<h3><a name="lvm"></a><a href="#toc">Where are my LVM devices?</a></h3>
<p>LVM (Logival Volumes) is <strong>not</strong> started by default to
avoid any possible damage to your data. To get access to present LVM
devices just execute:</p>
<pre class="rahmen">
# /etc/init.d/lvm2 start
or use the shorter version:
# Start lvm2
</pre>
<p>If you want to enable LVM by default just boot using the 'lvm'
bootoption which automatically enables LVM.</p>
<h3><a name="swraid"></a><a href="#toc">Where are my Software-RAID devices?</a></h3>
<p>Software-RAID (usually known as the mdadm stuff) is
<strong>not</strong> started by default to avoid any possible damage to
your data. To get access to present SW-RAID devices just execute:</p>
<pre class="rahmen">
# /etc/init.d/mdadm-raid start
or use the shorter version:
# Start mdadm-raid
</pre>
<p>If you want to enable SW-RAID by default just boot using
the 'swraid' bootoption which enables automatic assembling of
software raid arrays.</p>
<a name="terminalserver"></a>
<h3><a name="booting"></a><a href="#toc">Which ways exist to boot Grml?</a></h3>
<!-- TODO: needs rework -->
<p>Of course running from CD/DVD is a common way to boot
Grml. But Grml provides many more ways to boot:</p>
<p>It is possible to boot Grml via USB (e.g. USB stick or
harddisk), firewire, or running from a Compact Flash disk. It
works out of the box; you don't need to modify anything. Check
out <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=usb">the usb
webpage in the grml-wiki</a> for more details.</p>
<p>Your computer can not boot from CD-ROM but provides a
floppy disk? Take a look
at <a href="http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/">btmgr</a>, <a href="http://ubcd4win.com/faq.htm#floppy">ubcd4win</a>
or <a href="http://linux.simple.be/tools/sbm">sbm</a>. They
provide support for booting from CD-ROM via a special floppy
disk.</p>
<p>grml-terminalserver makes it possible to boot your system
via network
using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preboot_Execution_Environment">PXE</a>
(Preboot Execution Environment). If your network card does not
provide support for booting via PXE you can still boot it
either using the provided grub image by grml-terminalserver
(for example via floppy drive) or
using <a href="http://etherboot.org/wiki/index.php">gPXE</a>.
For more information, refer to
the <a href="/terminalserver/">grml-terminalserver
webpage</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="timezone"></a><a href="#toc">How do I configure
timezone on my Grml system?</a></h3>
<h4>Available bootoptions relevant in live-cd mode:</h4>
<ul>
<li>utc: set UTC, if your system clock is set to UTC (GMT)
<li>gmt: set UTC, if your system clock is set to UTC (GMT) [like bootoption utc]
<li>tz=$option: set timezone to corresponding $option, usage example:
tz=Europe/Vienna
</ul>
<h4>Further information:</h4>
<p>Manpages: hwclock(8) tzselect(1) tzconfig(8); <a
href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/system-administrator/ch-sysadmin-time.html">Debian
GNU/Linux System Administrator's Manual Chapter 16 - Time</a> and <a
href="http://wiki.debian.org/TimeZoneChanges">TimeZoneChanges in the
Debian-Wiki</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="hdinstall"></a><a href="#toc">Is it possible to install Grml to harddisk?</a></h3>
<p>Short anwer: No.</p>
<p><strong>ProTip</strong>: If you want to get a plain Debian
system take a look
at <a href="/grml-debootstrap/">grml-debootstrap</a>.</p>
<h2><a name="software"></a><a href="#toc">Software</a></h2>
<h3><a name="sw_version"></a><a href="#toc">Which package(s) and which
version is available?</a></h3>
<p>If you want to get details about the provided packages and the
package versions without booting the Grml ISO check out the dpkg_...
files in the <a href="/files/#debian">Debian-Information section on
grml.org/files/</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="zsh"></a><a href="#toc">Why is Zsh the default shell?</a></h3>
<p>Short answer: because <a href="/zsh/">Zsh rocks</a>, really!</p>
<p>Longer answer taken
from <a href="http://zsh.sourceforge.net/FAQ/zshfaq01.html#l3">ZSH
FAQ: 1.2: What is it?</a>:</p>
<cite> Zsh is a UNIX command interpreter (shell) which of the
standard shells most resembles the Korn shell (ksh); its
compatibility with the 1988 Korn shell has been gradually
increasing. It includes enhancements of many types, notably in
the command-line editor, options for customising its
behaviour, filename globbing, features to make C-shell (csh)
users feel more at home and extra features drawn from tcsh
(another `custom' shell).</cite>
<p>If you don't know Zsh take a look
at <a href="http://zsh.sourceforge.net/FAQ/zshfaq02.html#l9">ZSH
FAQ: How does zsh differ from ...?</a>, 'man zsh | less -p
COMPATIBILITY', the <a href="/zsh/">Grml Zsh reference
card</a> and '<a href="/zsh/">man zsh-lovers</a>'.</p>
<p>If you are a bash user and don't know Zsh yet, don't be
afraid. Bash is largely a subset of Zsh and you don't have to
throw away your knowledge about shell stuff.</p>
<h2><a name="stuff"></a><a href="#toc">Support / Unanswered stuff</a></h2>
<h3><a name="questions"></a><a href="#toc">Further questions</a></h3>
<p>Do you have a question which is not answered in the FAQ or
in the provided <a href="/docs/">documentation</a> (execute
"grml-info" on your Grml system for offline
documentation)? Also check out 'grml-tips $KEYWORD' on your
Grml system. Take a look at
<a href="/">the Grml website</a> and <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/">the
grml-wiki</a>. A good place to become part of the community is the <a
href="/mailinglist/">Grml mailinglist</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="support"></a><a href="#toc">Commercial Support</a></h3>
<p>You want to deploy Grml in your data center, use it as part of your
business or have an emergency case? You're happy with Grml but would
like to get your very own live cd (providing your favourite software
selection, special configuration, setup and your bootsplash)?
Please get in <a href="/contact/">touch with us</a>.</p>
</div>
<?php include '../static_bottom.inc'; ?>