chore(provider-generator): Include Provider Version in Generated Bindings

[jsteinich]

Fixes #684
Fixes #228
Fixes #318
Fixes #43

The exact version of the resolved provider is now recorded as metadata for the generated provider and resources. For the provider, this exact version is used in required_providers block to ensure a consistent experience and give users more control over the provider version used.

Also omitting version constraints when either is undefined.

[ansgarm]

Nice work, @jsteinich

[jsteinich]

This does break compatibility in that the new cli will generate binding not compatible with the old cdktf lib since a new metadata property was added. We could just change the meaning of the existing one, but that seems like more of a breaking change. Also having both allows for something like this.addOverride("terraform.required_providers.null.version", nullProvider.terraformGeneratorMetadata?.providerVersionConstraint); to restore the previous behavior.

[hashicorp-cla]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[skorfmann]

@jsteinich could you fix the merge conflict, please? Seems like I can't do this on this PR

[vercel]

Deployment failed with the following error:

The provided GitHub repository does not contain the requested branch or commit reference. Please ensure the repository is not empty.

[ansgarm]

force merging this, as only Vercel fails – ignoring it in the Github action did not work sadly.

[github-actions]

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