Improve local calendar input validation error handling

[allenporter]

Proposed change

Improve local calendar input validation error handling by re-throwing pydantic input validation errors as voluptuous validation errors handled by home assistant. Also adds logging with the contents of the request.

I am not currently aware of how to reproduce this given the input validation in #83413 stops the known validation errors. However, when manually testing I reverted that PR and verified that the error is handled identically. (However, leaving the validation there in the websocket lets it handle to other calendar integrations like google calendar too).

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Deprecation (breaking change to happen in the future)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue:
• This PR is related to issue: Cannot add a new entry to Local Calendar #83401
• Link to documentation pull request:

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Local tests pass. Your PR cannot be merged unless tests pass
• There is no commented out code in this PR.
• I have followed the development checklist
• The code has been formatted using Black (black --fast homeassistant tests)
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works.

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated for www.home-assistant.io

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• The manifest file has all fields filled out correctly.
  Updated and included derived files by running: python3 -m script.hassfest.
• New or updated dependencies have been added to requirements_all.txt.
  Updated by running python3 -m script.gen_requirements_all.
• For the updated dependencies - a link to the changelog, or at minimum a diff between library versions is added to the PR description.
• Untested files have been added to .coveragerc.

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