modeling_owlvit.py

# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2022 Google AI and The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" PyTorch OWL-ViT model."""


import warnings
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union

import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.utils.checkpoint
from torch import Tensor, nn

from ...activations import ACT2FN
from ...modeling_outputs import BaseModelOutput, BaseModelOutputWithPooling
from ...modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
from ...utils import (
    ModelOutput,
    add_start_docstrings,
    add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
    is_vision_available,
    logging,
    replace_return_docstrings,
)
from .configuration_owlvit import OwlViTConfig, OwlViTTextConfig, OwlViTVisionConfig


if is_vision_available():
    from transformers.image_transforms import center_to_corners_format


logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC = "google/owlvit-base-patch32"

# See all OwlViT models at https://huggingface.co/models?filter=owlvit
OWLVIT_PRETRAINED_MODEL_ARCHIVE_LIST = [
    "google/owlvit-base-patch32",
    "google/owlvit-base-patch16",
    "google/owlvit-large-patch14",
]


# Copied from transformers.models.bart.modeling_bart._expand_mask
def _expand_mask(mask: torch.Tensor, dtype: torch.dtype, tgt_len: Optional[int] = None):
    """
    Expands attention_mask from `[bsz, seq_len]` to `[bsz, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]`.
    """
    bsz, src_len = mask.size()
    tgt_len = tgt_len if tgt_len is not None else src_len

    expanded_mask = mask[:, None, None, :].expand(bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len).to(dtype)

    inverted_mask = 1.0 - expanded_mask

    return inverted_mask.masked_fill(inverted_mask.to(torch.bool), torch.finfo(dtype).min)


# Copied from transformers.models.clip.modeling_clip.contrastive_loss with clip->owlvit
def contrastive_loss(logits: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
    return nn.functional.cross_entropy(logits, torch.arange(len(logits), device=logits.device))


# Copied from transformers.models.clip.modeling_clip.clip_loss with clip->owlvit
def owlvit_loss(similarity: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
    caption_loss = contrastive_loss(similarity)
    image_loss = contrastive_loss(similarity.t())
    return (caption_loss + image_loss) / 2.0


@dataclass
class OwlViTOutput(ModelOutput):
    """
    Args:
        loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, *optional*, returned when `return_loss` is `True`):
            Contrastive loss for image-text similarity.
        logits_per_image (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(image_batch_size, text_batch_size)`):
            The scaled dot product scores between `image_embeds` and `text_embeds`. This represents the image-text
            similarity scores.
        logits_per_text (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(text_batch_size, image_batch_size)`):
            The scaled dot product scores between `text_embeds` and `image_embeds`. This represents the text-image
            similarity scores.
        text_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size * num_max_text_queries, output_dim`):
            The text embeddings obtained by applying the projection layer to the pooled output of [`OwlViTTextModel`].
        image_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, output_dim`):
            The image embeddings obtained by applying the projection layer to the pooled output of
            [`OwlViTVisionModel`].
        text_model_output (Tuple[`BaseModelOutputWithPooling`]):
            The output of the [`OwlViTTextModel`].
        vision_model_output (`BaseModelOutputWithPooling`):
            The output of the [`OwlViTVisionModel`].
    """

    loss: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    logits_per_image: torch.FloatTensor = None
    logits_per_text: torch.FloatTensor = None
    text_embeds: torch.FloatTensor = None
    image_embeds: torch.FloatTensor = None
    text_model_output: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = None
    vision_model_output: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = None

    def to_tuple(self) -> Tuple[Any]:
        return tuple(
            self[k] if k not in ["text_model_output", "vision_model_output"] else getattr(self, k).to_tuple()
            for k in self.keys()
        )


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr._upcast
def _upcast(t: Tensor) -> Tensor:
    # Protects from numerical overflows in multiplications by upcasting to the equivalent higher type
    if t.is_floating_point():
        return t if t.dtype in (torch.float32, torch.float64) else t.float()
    else:
        return t if t.dtype in (torch.int32, torch.int64) else t.int()


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.box_area
def box_area(boxes: Tensor) -> Tensor:
    """
    Computes the area of a set of bounding boxes, which are specified by its (x1, y1, x2, y2) coordinates.

    Args:
        boxes (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(number_of_boxes, 4)`):
            Boxes for which the area will be computed. They are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format with `0 <= x1
            < x2` and `0 <= y1 < y2`.

    Returns:
        `torch.FloatTensor`: a tensor containing the area for each box.
    """
    boxes = _upcast(boxes)
    return (boxes[:, 2] - boxes[:, 0]) * (boxes[:, 3] - boxes[:, 1])


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.box_iou
def box_iou(boxes1, boxes2):
    area1 = box_area(boxes1)
    area2 = box_area(boxes2)

    left_top = torch.max(boxes1[:, None, :2], boxes2[:, :2])  # [N,M,2]
    right_bottom = torch.min(boxes1[:, None, 2:], boxes2[:, 2:])  # [N,M,2]

    width_height = (right_bottom - left_top).clamp(min=0)  # [N,M,2]
    inter = width_height[:, :, 0] * width_height[:, :, 1]  # [N,M]

    union = area1[:, None] + area2 - inter

    iou = inter / union
    return iou, union


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.generalized_box_iou
def generalized_box_iou(boxes1, boxes2):
    """
    Generalized IoU from https://giou.stanford.edu/. The boxes should be in [x0, y0, x1, y1] (corner) format.

    Returns:
        `torch.FloatTensor`: a [N, M] pairwise matrix, where N = len(boxes1) and M = len(boxes2)
    """
    # degenerate boxes gives inf / nan results
    # so do an early check
    if not (boxes1[:, 2:] >= boxes1[:, :2]).all():
        raise ValueError(f"boxes1 must be in [x0, y0, x1, y1] (corner) format, but got {boxes1}")
    if not (boxes2[:, 2:] >= boxes2[:, :2]).all():
        raise ValueError(f"boxes2 must be in [x0, y0, x1, y1] (corner) format, but got {boxes2}")
    iou, union = box_iou(boxes1, boxes2)

    top_left = torch.min(boxes1[:, None, :2], boxes2[:, :2])
    bottom_right = torch.max(boxes1[:, None, 2:], boxes2[:, 2:])

    width_height = (bottom_right - top_left).clamp(min=0)  # [N,M,2]
    area = width_height[:, :, 0] * width_height[:, :, 1]

    return iou - (area - union) / area


@dataclass
class OwlViTObjectDetectionOutput(ModelOutput):
    """
    Output type of [`OwlViTForObjectDetection`].

    Args:
        loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, *optional*, returned when `labels` are provided)):
            Total loss as a linear combination of a negative log-likehood (cross-entropy) for class prediction and a
            bounding box loss. The latter is defined as a linear combination of the L1 loss and the generalized
            scale-invariant IoU loss.
        loss_dict (`Dict`, *optional*):
            A dictionary containing the individual losses. Useful for logging.
        logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches, num_queries)`):
            Classification logits (including no-object) for all queries.
        pred_boxes (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches, 4)`):
            Normalized boxes coordinates for all queries, represented as (center_x, center_y, width, height). These
            values are normalized in [0, 1], relative to the size of each individual image in the batch (disregarding
            possible padding). You can use [`~OwlViTImageProcessor.post_process_object_detection`] to retrieve the
            unnormalized bounding boxes.
        text_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_max_text_queries, output_dim`):
            The text embeddings obtained by applying the projection layer to the pooled output of [`OwlViTTextModel`].
        image_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, patch_size, patch_size, output_dim`):
            Pooled output of [`OwlViTVisionModel`]. OWL-ViT represents images as a set of image patches and computes
            image embeddings for each patch.
        class_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches, hidden_size)`):
            Class embeddings of all image patches. OWL-ViT represents images as a set of image patches where the total
            number of patches is (image_size / patch_size)**2.
        text_model_output (Tuple[`BaseModelOutputWithPooling`]):
            The output of the [`OwlViTTextModel`].
        vision_model_output (`BaseModelOutputWithPooling`):
            The output of the [`OwlViTVisionModel`].
    """

    loss: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    loss_dict: Optional[Dict] = None
    logits: torch.FloatTensor = None
    pred_boxes: torch.FloatTensor = None
    text_embeds: torch.FloatTensor = None
    image_embeds: torch.FloatTensor = None
    class_embeds: torch.FloatTensor = None
    text_model_output: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = None
    vision_model_output: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = None

    def to_tuple(self) -> Tuple[Any]:
        return tuple(
            self[k] if k not in ["text_model_output", "vision_model_output"] else getattr(self, k).to_tuple()
            for k in self.keys()
        )


@dataclass
class OwlViTImageGuidedObjectDetectionOutput(ModelOutput):
    """
    Output type of [`OwlViTForObjectDetection.image_guided_detection`].

    Args:
        logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches, num_queries)`):
            Classification logits (including no-object) for all queries.
        target_pred_boxes (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches, 4)`):
            Normalized boxes coordinates for all queries, represented as (center_x, center_y, width, height). These
            values are normalized in [0, 1], relative to the size of each individual target image in the batch
            (disregarding possible padding). You can use [`~OwlViTImageProcessor.post_process_object_detection`] to
            retrieve the unnormalized bounding boxes.
        query_pred_boxes (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches, 4)`):
            Normalized boxes coordinates for all queries, represented as (center_x, center_y, width, height). These
            values are normalized in [0, 1], relative to the size of each individual query image in the batch
            (disregarding possible padding). You can use [`~OwlViTImageProcessor.post_process_object_detection`] to
            retrieve the unnormalized bounding boxes.
        image_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, patch_size, patch_size, output_dim`):
            Pooled output of [`OwlViTVisionModel`]. OWL-ViT represents images as a set of image patches and computes
            image embeddings for each patch.
        query_image_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, patch_size, patch_size, output_dim`):
            Pooled output of [`OwlViTVisionModel`]. OWL-ViT represents images as a set of image patches and computes
            image embeddings for each patch.
        class_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches, hidden_size)`):
            Class embeddings of all image patches. OWL-ViT represents images as a set of image patches where the total
            number of patches is (image_size / patch_size)**2.
        text_model_output (Tuple[`BaseModelOutputWithPooling`]):
            The output of the [`OwlViTTextModel`].
        vision_model_output (`BaseModelOutputWithPooling`):
            The output of the [`OwlViTVisionModel`].
    """

    logits: torch.FloatTensor = None
    image_embeds: torch.FloatTensor = None
    query_image_embeds: torch.FloatTensor = None
    target_pred_boxes: torch.FloatTensor = None
    query_pred_boxes: torch.FloatTensor = None
    class_embeds: torch.FloatTensor = None
    text_model_output: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = None
    vision_model_output: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = None

    def to_tuple(self) -> Tuple[Any]:
        return tuple(
            self[k] if k not in ["text_model_output", "vision_model_output"] else getattr(self, k).to_tuple()
            for k in self.keys()
        )


class OwlViTVisionEmbeddings(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTVisionConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.embed_dim = config.hidden_size
        self.class_embedding = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(config.hidden_size))

        self.patch_embedding = nn.Conv2d(
            in_channels=config.num_channels,
            out_channels=self.embed_dim,
            kernel_size=config.patch_size,
            stride=config.patch_size,
            bias=False,
        )

        self.num_patches = (config.image_size // config.patch_size) ** 2
        self.num_positions = self.num_patches + 1
        self.position_embedding = nn.Embedding(self.num_positions, self.embed_dim)
        self.register_buffer("position_ids", torch.arange(self.num_positions).expand((1, -1)), persistent=False)

    def forward(self, pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        batch_size = pixel_values.shape[0]
        patch_embeds = self.patch_embedding(pixel_values)  # shape = [batch_size, num_channels, height, width]
        patch_embeds = patch_embeds.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)

        class_embeds = self.class_embedding.expand(batch_size, 1, -1)
        embeddings = torch.cat([class_embeds, patch_embeds], dim=1)
        embeddings = embeddings + self.position_embedding(self.position_ids)

        return embeddings


class OwlViTTextEmbeddings(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTTextConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.token_embedding = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.hidden_size)
        self.position_embedding = nn.Embedding(config.max_position_embeddings, config.hidden_size)

        # position_ids (1, len position emb) is contiguous in memory and exported when serialized
        self.register_buffer(
            "position_ids", torch.arange(config.max_position_embeddings).expand((1, -1)), persistent=False
        )

    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        seq_length = input_ids.shape[-1] if input_ids is not None else inputs_embeds.shape[-2]

        if position_ids is None:
            position_ids = self.position_ids[:, :seq_length]

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            inputs_embeds = self.token_embedding(input_ids)

        position_embeddings = self.position_embedding(position_ids)
        embeddings = inputs_embeds + position_embeddings

        return embeddings


class OwlViTAttention(nn.Module):
    """Multi-headed attention from 'Attention Is All You Need' paper"""

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.embed_dim = config.hidden_size
        self.num_heads = config.num_attention_heads
        self.head_dim = self.embed_dim // self.num_heads
        if self.head_dim * self.num_heads != self.embed_dim:
            raise ValueError(
                f"embed_dim must be divisible by num_heads (got `embed_dim`: {self.embed_dim} and `num_heads`:"
                f" {self.num_heads})."
            )
        self.scale = self.head_dim**-0.5
        self.dropout = config.attention_dropout

        self.k_proj = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
        self.v_proj = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
        self.q_proj = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)

    def _shape(self, tensor: torch.Tensor, seq_len: int, bsz: int):
        return tensor.view(bsz, seq_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2).contiguous()

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        causal_attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]:
        """Input shape: Batch x Time x Channel"""

        bsz, tgt_len, embed_dim = hidden_states.size()

        # get query proj
        query_states = self.q_proj(hidden_states) * self.scale
        key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
        value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)

        proj_shape = (bsz * self.num_heads, -1, self.head_dim)
        query_states = self._shape(query_states, tgt_len, bsz).view(*proj_shape)
        key_states = key_states.view(*proj_shape)
        value_states = value_states.view(*proj_shape)

        src_len = key_states.size(1)
        attn_weights = torch.bmm(query_states, key_states.transpose(1, 2))

        if attn_weights.size() != (bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Attention weights should be of size {(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)}, but is"
                f" {attn_weights.size()}"
            )

        # apply the causal_attention_mask first
        if causal_attention_mask is not None:
            if causal_attention_mask.size() != (bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Attention mask should be of size {(bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len)}, but is"
                    f" {causal_attention_mask.size()}"
                )
            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len) + causal_attention_mask
            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)

        if attention_mask is not None:
            if attention_mask.size() != (bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Attention mask should be of size {(bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len)}, but is {attention_mask.size()}"
                )
            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len) + attention_mask
            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)

        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1)

        if output_attentions:
            # this operation is a bit akward, but it's required to
            # make sure that attn_weights keeps its gradient.
            # In order to do so, attn_weights have to reshaped
            # twice and have to be reused in the following
            attn_weights_reshaped = attn_weights.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)
            attn_weights = attn_weights_reshaped.view(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)
        else:
            attn_weights_reshaped = None

        attn_probs = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)

        # For int8 compatibility, sometimes the `attn_probs` are in `fp32`
        attn_probs = attn_probs.to(value_states.dtype)

        attn_output = torch.bmm(attn_probs, value_states)

        if attn_output.size() != (bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim):
            raise ValueError(
                f"`attn_output` should be of size {(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim)}, but is"
                f" {attn_output.size()}"
            )

        attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim)
        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2)
        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, tgt_len, embed_dim)

        attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)

        return attn_output, attn_weights_reshaped


# Copied from transformers.models.clip.modeling_clip.CLIPMLP with CLIP->OwlViT
class OwlViTMLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.activation_fn = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.intermediate_size)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(config.intermediate_size, config.hidden_size)

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        hidden_states = self.fc1(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.activation_fn(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.fc2(hidden_states)
        return hidden_states


# Copied from transformers.models.clip.modeling_clip.CLIPEncoderLayer with CLIP->OwlViT
class OwlViTEncoderLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.embed_dim = config.hidden_size
        self.self_attn = OwlViTAttention(config)
        self.layer_norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
        self.mlp = OwlViTMLP(config)
        self.layer_norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
        causal_attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]:
        """
        Args:
            hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor`): input to the layer of shape `(batch, seq_len, embed_dim)`
            attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor`): attention mask of size
                `(batch, 1, tgt_len, src_len)` where padding elements are indicated by very large negative values.
                `(config.encoder_attention_heads,)`.
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
        """
        residual = hidden_states

        hidden_states = self.layer_norm1(hidden_states)
        hidden_states, attn_weights = self.self_attn(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            causal_attention_mask=causal_attention_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states

        residual = hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.layer_norm2(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.mlp(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states

        outputs = (hidden_states,)

        if output_attentions:
            outputs += (attn_weights,)

        return outputs


class OwlViTPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
    """
    An abstract class to handle weights initialization and a simple interface for downloading and loading pretrained
    models.
    """

    config_class = OwlViTConfig
    base_model_prefix = "owlvit"
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
    _no_split_modules = ["OwlViTEncoderLayer"]

    def _init_weights(self, module):
        """Initialize the weights"""
        factor = self.config.initializer_factor
        if isinstance(module, OwlViTTextEmbeddings):
            module.token_embedding.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * 0.02)
            module.position_embedding.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * 0.02)
        elif isinstance(module, OwlViTVisionEmbeddings):
            factor = self.config.initializer_factor
            nn.init.normal_(module.class_embedding, mean=0.0, std=module.embed_dim**-0.5 * factor)
            nn.init.normal_(module.patch_embedding.weight, std=module.config.initializer_range * factor)
            nn.init.normal_(module.position_embedding.weight, std=module.config.initializer_range * factor)
        elif isinstance(module, OwlViTAttention):
            factor = self.config.initializer_factor
            in_proj_std = (module.embed_dim**-0.5) * ((2 * module.config.num_hidden_layers) ** -0.5) * factor
            out_proj_std = (module.embed_dim**-0.5) * factor
            nn.init.normal_(module.q_proj.weight, std=in_proj_std)
            nn.init.normal_(module.k_proj.weight, std=in_proj_std)
            nn.init.normal_(module.v_proj.weight, std=in_proj_std)
            nn.init.normal_(module.out_proj.weight, std=out_proj_std)
        elif isinstance(module, OwlViTMLP):
            factor = self.config.initializer_factor
            in_proj_std = (
                (module.config.hidden_size**-0.5) * ((2 * module.config.num_hidden_layers) ** -0.5) * factor
            )
            fc_std = (2 * module.config.hidden_size) ** -0.5 * factor
            nn.init.normal_(module.fc1.weight, std=fc_std)
            nn.init.normal_(module.fc2.weight, std=in_proj_std)
        elif isinstance(module, OwlViTModel):
            nn.init.normal_(
                module.text_projection.weight,
                std=module.text_embed_dim**-0.5 * self.config.initializer_factor,
            )
            nn.init.normal_(
                module.visual_projection.weight,
                std=module.vision_embed_dim**-0.5 * self.config.initializer_factor,
            )
        if isinstance(module, nn.LayerNorm):
            module.bias.data.zero_()
            module.weight.data.fill_(1.0)
        if isinstance(module, nn.Linear) and module.bias is not None:
            module.bias.data.zero_()

    def _set_gradient_checkpointing(self, module, value=False):
        if isinstance(module, OwlViTEncoder):
            module.gradient_checkpointing = value


OWLVIT_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Parameters:
    This model is a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https:
        //pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it
    as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and
    behavior.
        config ([`OwlViTConfig`]): Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model.
            Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the
            configuration. Check out the [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
"""

OWLVIT_TEXT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size * num_max_text_queries, sequence_length)`):
            Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details. [What are input
            IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
        attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_max_text_queries, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
            - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
            - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.
            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""

OWLVIT_VISION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)`):
            Pixel values.
        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""

OWLVIT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
            Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details. [What are input
            IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
        attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
            - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
            - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.
            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
        pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)`):
            Pixel values.
        return_loss (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the contrastive loss.
        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""

OWLVIT_OBJECT_DETECTION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)`):
            Pixel values.
        input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size * num_max_text_queries, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details. [What are input
            IDs?](../glossary#input-ids).
        attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_max_text_queries, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
            - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
            - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.
            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the last hidden state. See `text_model_last_hidden_state` and
            `vision_model_last_hidden_state` under returned tensors for more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""

OWLVIT_IMAGE_GUIDED_OBJECT_DETECTION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)`):
            Pixel values.
        query_pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)`):
            Pixel values of query image(s) to be detected. Pass in one query image per target image.
        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""


class OwlViTEncoder(nn.Module):
    """
    Transformer encoder consisting of `config.num_hidden_layers` self attention layers. Each layer is a
    [`OwlViTEncoderLayer`].

    Args:
        config: OwlViTConfig
    """

    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([OwlViTEncoderLayer(config) for _ in range(config.num_hidden_layers)])
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    def forward(
        self,
        inputs_embeds,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        causal_attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutput]:
        r"""
        Args:
            inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`).
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
                - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
                - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.
                [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
            causal_attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Causal mask for the text model. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
                - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
                - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.
                [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
            output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors
                for more detail.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
        """
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        encoder_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None

        hidden_states = inputs_embeds
        for encoder_layer in self.layers:
            if output_hidden_states:
                encoder_states = encoder_states + (hidden_states,)
            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:

                def create_custom_forward(module):
                    def custom_forward(*inputs):
                        return module(*inputs, output_attentions)

                    return custom_forward

                layer_outputs = torch.utils.checkpoint.checkpoint(
                    create_custom_forward(encoder_layer),
                    hidden_states,
                    attention_mask,
                    causal_attention_mask,
                )
            else:
                layer_outputs = encoder_layer(
                    hidden_states,
                    attention_mask,
                    causal_attention_mask,
                    output_attentions=output_attentions,
                )

            hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]

            if output_attentions:
                all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[1],)

        if output_hidden_states:
            encoder_states = encoder_states + (hidden_states,)

        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(v for v in [hidden_states, encoder_states, all_attentions] if v is not None)
        return BaseModelOutput(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states, hidden_states=encoder_states, attentions=all_attentions
        )


# Copied from transformers.models.bart.modeling_bart._make_causal_mask
def _make_causal_mask(
    input_ids_shape: torch.Size, dtype: torch.dtype, device: torch.device, past_key_values_length: int = 0
):
    """
    Make causal mask used for bi-directional self-attention.
    """
    bsz, tgt_len = input_ids_shape
    mask = torch.full((tgt_len, tgt_len), torch.finfo(dtype).min, device=device)
    mask_cond = torch.arange(mask.size(-1), device=device)
    mask.masked_fill_(mask_cond < (mask_cond + 1).view(mask.size(-1), 1), 0)
    mask = mask.to(dtype)

    if past_key_values_length > 0:
        mask = torch.cat([torch.zeros(tgt_len, past_key_values_length, dtype=dtype, device=device), mask], dim=-1)
    return mask[None, None, :, :].expand(bsz, 1, tgt_len, tgt_len + past_key_values_length)


class OwlViTTextTransformer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTTextConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        embed_dim = config.hidden_size
        self.embeddings = OwlViTTextEmbeddings(config)
        self.encoder = OwlViTEncoder(config)
        self.final_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(embed_dim, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(OWLVIT_TEXT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=BaseModelOutputWithPooling, config_class=OwlViTTextConfig)
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        position_ids: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutputWithPooling]:
        r"""
        Returns:
        """
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        input_shape = input_ids.size()
        input_ids = input_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
        hidden_states = self.embeddings(input_ids=input_ids, position_ids=position_ids)

        # num_samples, seq_len = input_shape  where num_samples = batch_size * num_max_text_queries
        # OWLVIT's text model uses causal mask, prepare it here.
        # https://github.com/openai/CLIP/blob/cfcffb90e69f37bf2ff1e988237a0fbe41f33c04/clip/model.py#L324
        causal_attention_mask = _make_causal_mask(input_shape, hidden_states.dtype, device=hidden_states.device)
        # expand attention_mask
        if attention_mask is not None:
            # [num_samples, seq_len] -> [num_samples, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]
            attention_mask = _expand_mask(attention_mask, hidden_states.dtype)

        encoder_outputs = self.encoder(
            inputs_embeds=hidden_states,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            causal_attention_mask=causal_attention_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        last_hidden_state = encoder_outputs[0]
        last_hidden_state = self.final_layer_norm(last_hidden_state)

        # take features from the end of tokens embedding (end of token is the highest number in each sequence)
        # casting to torch.int for onnx compatibility: argmax doesn't support int64 inputs with opset 14
        pooled_output = last_hidden_state[
            torch.arange(last_hidden_state.shape[0], device=last_hidden_state.device),
            input_ids.to(torch.int).argmax(dim=-1).to(last_hidden_state.device),
        ]

        if not return_dict:
            return (last_hidden_state, pooled_output) + encoder_outputs[1:]

        return BaseModelOutputWithPooling(
            last_hidden_state=last_hidden_state,
            pooler_output=pooled_output,
            hidden_states=encoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=encoder_outputs.attentions,
        )


class OwlViTTextModel(OwlViTPreTrainedModel):
    config_class = OwlViTTextConfig

    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTTextConfig):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.text_model = OwlViTTextTransformer(config)
        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_input_embeddings(self) -> nn.Module:
        return self.text_model.embeddings.token_embedding

    def set_input_embeddings(self, value):
        self.text_model.embeddings.token_embedding = value

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(OWLVIT_TEXT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=BaseModelOutputWithPooling, config_class=OwlViTTextConfig)
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutputWithPooling]:
        r"""
        Returns:

        Examples:
        ```python
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, OwlViTTextModel

        >>> model = OwlViTTextModel.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> inputs = processor(
        ...     text=[["a photo of a cat", "a photo of a dog"], ["photo of a astranaut"]], return_tensors="pt"
        ... )
        >>> outputs = model(**inputs)
        >>> last_hidden_state = outputs.last_hidden_state
        >>> pooled_output = outputs.pooler_output  # pooled (EOS token) states
        ```"""

        # Get embeddings for all text queries in all batch samples
        return self.text_model(
            input_ids=input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )


class OwlViTVisionTransformer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTVisionConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config

        self.embeddings = OwlViTVisionEmbeddings(config)
        self.pre_layernorm = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
        self.encoder = OwlViTEncoder(config)
        self.post_layernorm = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(OWLVIT_VISION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=BaseModelOutputWithPooling, config_class=OwlViTVisionConfig)
    def forward(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutputWithPooling]:
        r"""
        Returns:
        """
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        # Cast the input to the expected `dtype`
        expected_input_dtype = self.embeddings.patch_embedding.weight.dtype
        pixel_values = pixel_values.to(expected_input_dtype)

        hidden_states = self.embeddings(pixel_values)
        hidden_states = self.pre_layernorm(hidden_states)

        encoder_outputs = self.encoder(
            inputs_embeds=hidden_states,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        last_hidden_state = encoder_outputs[0]
        pooled_output = last_hidden_state[:, 0, :]

        pooled_output = self.post_layernorm(pooled_output)

        if not return_dict:
            return (last_hidden_state, pooled_output) + encoder_outputs[1:]

        return BaseModelOutputWithPooling(
            last_hidden_state=last_hidden_state,
            pooler_output=pooled_output,
            hidden_states=encoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=encoder_outputs.attentions,
        )


class OwlViTVisionModel(OwlViTPreTrainedModel):
    config_class = OwlViTVisionConfig
    main_input_name = "pixel_values"

    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTVisionConfig):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.vision_model = OwlViTVisionTransformer(config)
        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_input_embeddings(self) -> nn.Module:
        return self.vision_model.embeddings.patch_embedding

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(OWLVIT_VISION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=BaseModelOutputWithPooling, config_class=OwlViTVisionConfig)
    def forward(
        self,
        pixel_values: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutputWithPooling]:
        r"""
        Returns:

        Examples:
        ```python
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import requests
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, OwlViTVisionModel

        >>> model = OwlViTVisionModel.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

        >>> inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")

        >>> outputs = model(**inputs)
        >>> last_hidden_state = outputs.last_hidden_state
        >>> pooled_output = outputs.pooler_output  # pooled CLS states
        ```"""
        return self.vision_model(
            pixel_values=pixel_values,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(OWLVIT_START_DOCSTRING)
class OwlViTModel(OwlViTPreTrainedModel):
    config_class = OwlViTConfig

    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTConfig):
        super().__init__(config)

        if not isinstance(config.text_config, OwlViTTextConfig):
            raise ValueError(
                "config.text_config is expected to be of type OwlViTTextConfig but is of type"
                f" {type(config.text_config)}."
            )

        if not isinstance(config.vision_config, OwlViTVisionConfig):
            raise ValueError(
                "config.vision_config is expected to be of type OwlViTVisionConfig but is of type"
                f" {type(config.vision_config)}."
            )

        text_config = config.text_config
        vision_config = config.vision_config

        self.projection_dim = config.projection_dim
        self.text_embed_dim = text_config.hidden_size
        self.vision_embed_dim = vision_config.hidden_size

        self.text_model = OwlViTTextTransformer(text_config)
        self.vision_model = OwlViTVisionTransformer(vision_config)

        self.visual_projection = nn.Linear(self.vision_embed_dim, self.projection_dim, bias=False)
        self.text_projection = nn.Linear(self.text_embed_dim, self.projection_dim, bias=False)
        self.logit_scale = nn.Parameter(torch.tensor(config.logit_scale_init_value))

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(OWLVIT_TEXT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    def get_text_features(
        self,
        input_ids: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        r"""
        Returns:
            text_features (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, output_dim`): The text embeddings obtained by
            applying the projection layer to the pooled output of [`OwlViTTextModel`].

        Examples:
        ```python
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, OwlViTModel

        >>> model = OwlViTModel.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> inputs = processor(
        ...     text=[["a photo of a cat", "a photo of a dog"], ["photo of a astranaut"]], return_tensors="pt"
        ... )
        >>> text_features = model.get_text_features(**inputs)
        ```"""
        # Use OWL-ViT model's config for some fields (if specified) instead of those of vision & text components.
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        # Get embeddings for all text queries in all batch samples
        text_output = self.text_model(input_ids=input_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask, return_dict=return_dict)
        pooled_output = text_output[1]
        text_features = self.text_projection(pooled_output)

        return text_features

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(OWLVIT_VISION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    def get_image_features(
        self,
        pixel_values: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        r"""
        Returns:
            image_features (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, output_dim`): The image embeddings obtained by
            applying the projection layer to the pooled output of [`OwlViTVisionModel`].

        Examples:
        ```python
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import requests
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, OwlViTModel

        >>> model = OwlViTModel.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
        >>> inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
        >>> image_features = model.get_image_features(**inputs)
        ```"""
        # Use OWL-ViT model's config for some fields (if specified) instead of those of vision & text components.
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        vision_outputs = self.vision_model(
            pixel_values=pixel_values,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        pooled_output = vision_outputs[1]
        image_features = self.visual_projection(pooled_output)

        return image_features

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(OWLVIT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=OwlViTOutput, config_class=OwlViTConfig)
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        pixel_values: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        return_loss: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_base_image_embeds: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, OwlViTOutput]:
        r"""
        Returns:

        Examples:
        ```python
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import requests
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, OwlViTModel

        >>> model = OwlViTModel.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
        >>> inputs = processor(text=[["a photo of a cat", "a photo of a dog"]], images=image, return_tensors="pt")
        >>> outputs = model(**inputs)
        >>> logits_per_image = outputs.logits_per_image  # this is the image-text similarity score
        >>> probs = logits_per_image.softmax(dim=1)  # we can take the softmax to get the label probabilities
        ```"""
        # Use OWL-ViT model's config for some fields (if specified) instead of those of vision & text components.
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        vision_outputs = self.vision_model(
            pixel_values=pixel_values,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        # Get embeddings for all text queries in all batch samples
        text_outputs = self.text_model(
            input_ids=input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        text_embeds = text_outputs[1]
        text_embeds = self.text_projection(text_embeds)
        image_embeds = vision_outputs[1]
        image_embeds = self.visual_projection(image_embeds)

        # normalized features
        image_embeds = image_embeds / torch.linalg.norm(image_embeds, ord=2, dim=-1, keepdim=True)
        text_embeds_norm = text_embeds / torch.linalg.norm(text_embeds, ord=2, dim=-1, keepdim=True)

        # cosine similarity as logits and set it on the correct device
        logit_scale = self.logit_scale.exp().to(image_embeds.device)

        logits_per_text = torch.matmul(text_embeds_norm, image_embeds.t()) * logit_scale
        logits_per_image = logits_per_text.t()

        loss = None
        if return_loss:
            loss = owlvit_loss(logits_per_text)

        if return_base_image_embeds:
            warnings.warn(
                "`return_base_image_embeds` is deprecated and will be removed in v4.27 of Transformers, one can"
                " obtain the base (unprojected) image embeddings from outputs.vision_model_output.",
                FutureWarning,
            )
            last_hidden_state = vision_outputs[0]
            image_embeds = self.vision_model.post_layernorm(last_hidden_state)
        else:
            text_embeds = text_embeds_norm

        if not return_dict:
            output = (logits_per_image, logits_per_text, text_embeds, image_embeds, text_outputs, vision_outputs)
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return OwlViTOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits_per_image=logits_per_image,
            logits_per_text=logits_per_text,
            text_embeds=text_embeds,
            image_embeds=image_embeds,
            text_model_output=text_outputs,
            vision_model_output=vision_outputs,
        )


class OwlViTBoxPredictionHead(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTConfig):
        super().__init__()

        width = config.vision_config.hidden_size
        self.dense0 = nn.Linear(width, width)
        self.dense1 = nn.Linear(width, width)
        self.gelu = nn.GELU()
        self.dense2 = nn.Linear(width, 4)

    def forward(self, image_features: torch.Tensor) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        output = self.dense0(image_features)
        output = self.gelu(output)
        output = self.dense1(output)
        output = self.gelu(output)
        output = self.dense2(output)
        return output


class OwlViTClassPredictionHead(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTConfig):
        super().__init__()

        out_dim = config.text_config.hidden_size
        self.query_dim = config.vision_config.hidden_size

        self.dense0 = nn.Linear(self.query_dim, out_dim)
        self.logit_shift = nn.Linear(self.query_dim, 1)
        self.logit_scale = nn.Linear(self.query_dim, 1)
        self.elu = nn.ELU()

    def forward(
        self,
        image_embeds: torch.FloatTensor,
        query_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor],
        query_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor],
    ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]:
        image_class_embeds = self.dense0(image_embeds)
        if query_embeds is None:
            device = image_class_embeds.device
            batch_size, num_patches = image_class_embeds.shape[:2]
            pred_logits = torch.zeros((batch_size, num_patches, self.query_dim)).to(device)
            return (pred_logits, image_class_embeds)

        # Normalize image and text features
        image_class_embeds = image_class_embeds / (torch.linalg.norm(image_class_embeds, dim=-1, keepdim=True) + 1e-6)
        query_embeds = query_embeds / (torch.linalg.norm(query_embeds, dim=-1, keepdim=True) + 1e-6)

        # Get class predictions
        pred_logits = torch.einsum("...pd,...qd->...pq", image_class_embeds, query_embeds)

        # Apply a learnable shift and scale to logits
        logit_shift = self.logit_shift(image_embeds)
        logit_scale = self.logit_scale(image_embeds)
        logit_scale = self.elu(logit_scale) + 1
        pred_logits = (pred_logits + logit_shift) * logit_scale

        if query_mask is not None:
            if query_mask.ndim > 1:
                query_mask = torch.unsqueeze(query_mask, dim=-2)

            pred_logits = pred_logits.to(torch.float64)
            pred_logits = torch.where(query_mask == 0, -1e6, pred_logits)
            pred_logits = pred_logits.to(torch.float32)

        return (pred_logits, image_class_embeds)


class OwlViTForObjectDetection(OwlViTPreTrainedModel):
    config_class = OwlViTConfig

    def __init__(self, config: OwlViTConfig):
        super().__init__(config)

        self.owlvit = OwlViTModel(config)
        self.class_head = OwlViTClassPredictionHead(config)
        self.box_head = OwlViTBoxPredictionHead(config)

        self.layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(config.vision_config.hidden_size, eps=config.vision_config.layer_norm_eps)
        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()

    def normalize_grid_corner_coordinates(self, feature_map: torch.FloatTensor):
        # Computes normalized xy corner coordinates from feature_map.
        if not feature_map.ndim == 4:
            raise ValueError("Expected input shape is [batch_size, num_patches, num_patches, hidden_dim]")

        device = feature_map.device
        num_patches = feature_map.shape[1]

        box_coordinates = np.stack(
            np.meshgrid(np.arange(1, num_patches + 1), np.arange(1, num_patches + 1)), axis=-1
        ).astype(np.float32)
        box_coordinates /= np.array([num_patches, num_patches], np.float32)

        # Flatten (h, w, 2) -> (h*w, 2)
        box_coordinates = box_coordinates.reshape(
            box_coordinates.shape[0] * box_coordinates.shape[1], box_coordinates.shape[2]
        )
        box_coordinates = torch.from_numpy(box_coordinates).to(device)

        return box_coordinates

    def compute_box_bias(self, feature_map: torch.FloatTensor) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        # The box center is biased to its position on the feature grid
        box_coordinates = self.normalize_grid_corner_coordinates(feature_map)
        box_coordinates = torch.clip(box_coordinates, 0.0, 1.0)

        # Unnormalize xy
        box_coord_bias = torch.log(box_coordinates + 1e-4) - torch.log1p(-box_coordinates + 1e-4)

        # The box size is biased to the patch size
        box_size = torch.full_like(box_coord_bias, 1.0 / feature_map.shape[-2])
        box_size_bias = torch.log(box_size + 1e-4) - torch.log1p(-box_size + 1e-4)

        # Compute box bias
        box_bias = torch.cat([box_coord_bias, box_size_bias], dim=-1)
        return box_bias

    def box_predictor(
        self,
        image_feats: torch.FloatTensor,
        feature_map: torch.FloatTensor,
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        """
        Args:
            image_feats:
                Features extracted from the image, returned by the `image_text_embedder` method.
            feature_map:
                A spatial re-arrangement of image_features, also returned by the `image_text_embedder` method.
        Returns:
            pred_boxes:
                List of predicted boxes (cxcywh normalized to 0, 1) nested within a dictionary.
        """
        # Bounding box detection head [batch_size, num_boxes, 4].
        pred_boxes = self.box_head(image_feats)

        # Compute the location of each token on the grid and use it to compute a bias for the bbox prediction
        pred_boxes += self.compute_box_bias(feature_map)
        pred_boxes = self.sigmoid(pred_boxes)
        return pred_boxes

    def class_predictor(
        self,
        image_feats: torch.FloatTensor,
        query_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        query_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]:
        """
        Args:
            image_feats:
                Features extracted from the `image_text_embedder`.
            query_embeds:
                Text query embeddings.
            query_mask:
                Must be provided with query_embeddings. A mask indicating which query embeddings are valid.
        """
        (pred_logits, image_class_embeds) = self.class_head(image_feats, query_embeds, query_mask)

        return (pred_logits, image_class_embeds)

    def image_text_embedder(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
        pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]:
        # Encode text and image
        outputs = self.owlvit(
            pixel_values=pixel_values,
            input_ids=input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=True,
        )

        # Get image embeddings
        last_hidden_state = outputs.vision_model_output[0]
        image_embeds = self.owlvit.vision_model.post_layernorm(last_hidden_state)

        # Resize class token
        new_size = tuple(np.array(image_embeds.shape) - np.array((0, 1, 0)))
        class_token_out = torch.broadcast_to(image_embeds[:, :1, :], new_size)

        # Merge image embedding with class tokens
        image_embeds = image_embeds[:, 1:, :] * class_token_out
        image_embeds = self.layer_norm(image_embeds)

        # Resize to [batch_size, num_patches, num_patches, hidden_size]
        new_size = (
            image_embeds.shape[0],
            int(np.sqrt(image_embeds.shape[1])),
            int(np.sqrt(image_embeds.shape[1])),
            image_embeds.shape[-1],
        )
        image_embeds = image_embeds.reshape(new_size)
        text_embeds = outputs[-4]

        return (text_embeds, image_embeds, outputs)

    def image_embedder(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]:
        # Get OwlViTModel vision embeddings (same as CLIP)
        vision_outputs = self.owlvit.vision_model(pixel_values=pixel_values, return_dict=True)

        # Apply post_layernorm to last_hidden_state, return non-projected output
        last_hidden_state = vision_outputs[0]
        image_embeds = self.owlvit.vision_model.post_layernorm(last_hidden_state)

        # Resize class token
        new_size = tuple(np.array(image_embeds.shape) - np.array((0, 1, 0)))
        class_token_out = torch.broadcast_to(image_embeds[:, :1, :], new_size)

        # Merge image embedding with class tokens
        image_embeds = image_embeds[:, 1:, :] * class_token_out
        image_embeds = self.layer_norm(image_embeds)

        # Resize to [batch_size, num_patches, num_patches, hidden_size]
        new_size = (
            image_embeds.shape[0],
            int(np.sqrt(image_embeds.shape[1])),
            int(np.sqrt(image_embeds.shape[1])),
            image_embeds.shape[-1],
        )
        image_embeds = image_embeds.reshape(new_size)

        return (image_embeds, vision_outputs)

    def embed_image_query(
        self, query_image_features: torch.FloatTensor, query_feature_map: torch.FloatTensor
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        _, class_embeds = self.class_predictor(query_image_features)
        pred_boxes = self.box_predictor(query_image_features, query_feature_map)
        pred_boxes_as_corners = center_to_corners_format(pred_boxes)

        # Loop over query images
        best_class_embeds = []
        best_box_indices = []
        pred_boxes_device = pred_boxes_as_corners.device

        for i in range(query_image_features.shape[0]):
            each_query_box = torch.tensor([[0, 0, 1, 1]], device=pred_boxes_device)
            each_query_pred_boxes = pred_boxes_as_corners[i]
            ious, _ = box_iou(each_query_box, each_query_pred_boxes)

            # If there are no overlapping boxes, fall back to generalized IoU
            if torch.all(ious[0] == 0.0):
                ious = generalized_box_iou(each_query_box, each_query_pred_boxes)

            # Use an adaptive threshold to include all boxes within 80% of the best IoU
            iou_threshold = torch.max(ious) * 0.8

            selected_inds = (ious[0] >= iou_threshold).nonzero()
            if selected_inds.numel():
                selected_embeddings = class_embeds[i][selected_inds.squeeze(1)]
                mean_embeds = torch.mean(class_embeds[i], axis=0)
                mean_sim = torch.einsum("d,id->i", mean_embeds, selected_embeddings)
                best_box_ind = selected_inds[torch.argmin(mean_sim)]
                best_class_embeds.append(class_embeds[i][best_box_ind])
                best_box_indices.append(best_box_ind)

        if best_class_embeds:
            query_embeds = torch.stack(best_class_embeds)
            box_indices = torch.stack(best_box_indices)
        else:
            query_embeds, box_indices = None, None

        return query_embeds, box_indices, pred_boxes

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(OWLVIT_IMAGE_GUIDED_OBJECT_DETECTION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=OwlViTImageGuidedObjectDetectionOutput, config_class=OwlViTConfig)
    def image_guided_detection(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor,
        query_pixel_values: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> OwlViTImageGuidedObjectDetectionOutput:
        r"""
        Returns:

        Examples:
        ```python
        >>> import requests
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import torch
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, OwlViTForObjectDetection

        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch16")
        >>> model = OwlViTForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch16")
        >>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
        >>> query_url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000001675.jpg"
        >>> query_image = Image.open(requests.get(query_url, stream=True).raw)
        >>> inputs = processor(images=image, query_images=query_image, return_tensors="pt")
        >>> with torch.no_grad():
        ...     outputs = model.image_guided_detection(**inputs)
        >>> # Target image sizes (height, width) to rescale box predictions [batch_size, 2]
        >>> target_sizes = torch.Tensor([image.size[::-1]])
        >>> # Convert outputs (bounding boxes and class logits) to COCO API
        >>> results = processor.post_process_image_guided_detection(
        ...     outputs=outputs, threshold=0.6, nms_threshold=0.3, target_sizes=target_sizes
        ... )
        >>> i = 0  # Retrieve predictions for the first image
        >>> boxes, scores = results[i]["boxes"], results[i]["scores"]
        >>> for box, score in zip(boxes, scores):
        ...     box = [round(i, 2) for i in box.tolist()]
        ...     print(f"Detected similar object with confidence {round(score.item(), 3)} at location {box}")
        Detected similar object with confidence 0.856 at location [10.94, 50.4, 315.8, 471.39]
        Detected similar object with confidence 1.0 at location [334.84, 25.33, 636.16, 374.71]
        ```"""
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.return_dict

        # Compute feature maps for the input and query images
        query_feature_map = self.image_embedder(pixel_values=query_pixel_values)[0]
        feature_map, vision_outputs = self.image_embedder(
            pixel_values=pixel_values,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
        )

        batch_size, num_patches, num_patches, hidden_dim = feature_map.shape
        image_feats = torch.reshape(feature_map, (batch_size, num_patches * num_patches, hidden_dim))

        batch_size, num_patches, num_patches, hidden_dim = query_feature_map.shape
        query_image_feats = torch.reshape(query_feature_map, (batch_size, num_patches * num_patches, hidden_dim))
        # Get top class embedding and best box index for each query image in batch
        query_embeds, best_box_indices, query_pred_boxes = self.embed_image_query(query_image_feats, query_feature_map)

        # Predict object classes [batch_size, num_patches, num_queries+1]
        (pred_logits, class_embeds) = self.class_predictor(image_feats=image_feats, query_embeds=query_embeds)

        # Predict object boxes
        target_pred_boxes = self.box_predictor(image_feats, feature_map)

        if not return_dict:
            output = (
                feature_map,
                query_feature_map,
                target_pred_boxes,
                query_pred_boxes,
                pred_logits,
                class_embeds,
                vision_outputs.to_tuple(),
            )
            output = tuple(x for x in output if x is not None)
            return output

        return OwlViTImageGuidedObjectDetectionOutput(
            image_embeds=feature_map,
            query_image_embeds=query_feature_map,
            target_pred_boxes=target_pred_boxes,
            query_pred_boxes=query_pred_boxes,
            logits=pred_logits,
            class_embeds=class_embeds,
            text_model_output=None,
            vision_model_output=vision_outputs,
        )

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(OWLVIT_OBJECT_DETECTION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=OwlViTObjectDetectionOutput, config_class=OwlViTConfig)
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
        pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> OwlViTObjectDetectionOutput:
        r"""
        Returns:

        Examples:
        ```python
        >>> import requests
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import torch
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, OwlViTForObjectDetection

        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")
        >>> model = OwlViTForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("google/owlvit-base-patch32")

        >>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
        >>> texts = [["a photo of a cat", "a photo of a dog"]]
        >>> inputs = processor(text=texts, images=image, return_tensors="pt")
        >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

        >>> # Target image sizes (height, width) to rescale box predictions [batch_size, 2]
        >>> target_sizes = torch.Tensor([image.size[::-1]])
        >>> # Convert outputs (bounding boxes and class logits) to final bounding boxes and scores
        >>> results = processor.post_process_object_detection(
        ...     outputs=outputs, threshold=0.1, target_sizes=target_sizes
        ... )

        >>> i = 0  # Retrieve predictions for the first image for the corresponding text queries
        >>> text = texts[i]
        >>> boxes, scores, labels = results[i]["boxes"], results[i]["scores"], results[i]["labels"]

        >>> for box, score, label in zip(boxes, scores, labels):
        ...     box = [round(i, 2) for i in box.tolist()]
        ...     print(f"Detected {text[label]} with confidence {round(score.item(), 3)} at location {box}")
        Detected a photo of a cat with confidence 0.707 at location [324.97, 20.44, 640.58, 373.29]
        Detected a photo of a cat with confidence 0.717 at location [1.46, 55.26, 315.55, 472.17]
        ```"""
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.return_dict

        # Embed images and text queries
        query_embeds, feature_map, outputs = self.image_text_embedder(
            input_ids=input_ids,
            pixel_values=pixel_values,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
        )

        # Text and vision model outputs
        text_outputs = outputs.text_model_output
        vision_outputs = outputs.vision_model_output

        batch_size, num_patches, num_patches, hidden_dim = feature_map.shape
        image_feats = torch.reshape(feature_map, (batch_size, num_patches * num_patches, hidden_dim))

        # Reshape from [batch_size * max_text_queries, hidden_dim] -> [batch_size, max_text_queries, hidden_dim]
        max_text_queries = input_ids.shape[0] // batch_size
        query_embeds = query_embeds.reshape(batch_size, max_text_queries, query_embeds.shape[-1])

        # If first token is 0, then this is a padded query [batch_size, num_queries].
        input_ids = input_ids.reshape(batch_size, max_text_queries, input_ids.shape[-1])
        query_mask = input_ids[..., 0] > 0

        # Predict object classes [batch_size, num_patches, num_queries+1]
        (pred_logits, class_embeds) = self.class_predictor(image_feats, query_embeds, query_mask)

        # Predict object boxes
        pred_boxes = self.box_predictor(image_feats, feature_map)

        if not return_dict:
            output = (
                pred_logits,
                pred_boxes,
                query_embeds,
                feature_map,
                class_embeds,
                text_outputs.to_tuple(),
                vision_outputs.to_tuple(),
            )
            output = tuple(x for x in output if x is not None)
            return output

        return OwlViTObjectDetectionOutput(
            image_embeds=feature_map,
            text_embeds=query_embeds,
            pred_boxes=pred_boxes,
            logits=pred_logits,
            class_embeds=class_embeds,
            text_model_output=text_outputs,
            vision_model_output=vision_outputs,
        )