tokenization_markuplm_fast.py

# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2022 The HuggingFace Inc. team.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""
Fast tokenization class for MarkupLM. It overwrites 2 methods of the slow tokenizer class, namely _batch_encode_plus
and _encode_plus, in which the Rust tokenizer is used.
"""

import json
from functools import lru_cache
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

from tokenizers import pre_tokenizers, processors

from ...file_utils import PaddingStrategy, TensorType, add_end_docstrings
from ...tokenization_utils_base import (
    ENCODE_KWARGS_DOCSTRING,
    AddedToken,
    BatchEncoding,
    EncodedInput,
    PreTokenizedInput,
    TextInput,
    TextInputPair,
    TruncationStrategy,
)
from ...tokenization_utils_fast import PreTrainedTokenizerFast
from ...utils import logging
from .tokenization_markuplm import MARKUPLM_ENCODE_PLUS_ADDITIONAL_KWARGS_DOCSTRING, MarkupLMTokenizer


logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

VOCAB_FILES_NAMES = {"vocab_file": "vocab.json", "merges_file": "merges.txt", "tokenizer_file": "tokenizer.json"}

PRETRAINED_VOCAB_FILES_MAP = {
    "vocab_file": {
        "microsoft/markuplm-base": "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/markuplm-base/resolve/main/vocab.json",
        "microsoft/markuplm-large": "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/markuplm-large/resolve/main/vocab.json",
    },
    "merges_file": {
        "microsoft/markuplm-base": "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/markuplm-base/resolve/main/merges.txt",
        "microsoft/markuplm-large": "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/markuplm-large/resolve/main/merges.txt",
    },
}


PRETRAINED_POSITIONAL_EMBEDDINGS_SIZES = {
    "microsoft/markuplm-base": 512,
    "microsoft/markuplm-large": 512,
}


@lru_cache()
def bytes_to_unicode():
    """
    Returns list of utf-8 byte and a mapping to unicode strings. We specifically avoids mapping to whitespace/control
    characters the bpe code barfs on. The reversible bpe codes work on unicode strings. This means you need a large #
    of unicode characters in your vocab if you want to avoid UNKs. When you're at something like a 10B token dataset
    you end up needing around 5K for decent coverage. This is a significant percentage of your normal, say, 32K bpe
    vocab. To avoid that, we want lookup tables between utf-8 bytes and unicode strings.
    """
    bs = (
        list(range(ord("!"), ord("~") + 1)) + list(range(ord("¡"), ord("¬") + 1)) + list(range(ord("®"), ord("ÿ") + 1))
    )
    cs = bs[:]
    n = 0
    for b in range(2**8):
        if b not in bs:
            bs.append(b)
            cs.append(2**8 + n)
            n += 1
    cs = [chr(n) for n in cs]
    return dict(zip(bs, cs))


def get_pairs(word):
    """
    Return set of symbol pairs in a word. Word is represented as tuple of symbols (symbols being variable-length
    strings).
    """
    pairs = set()
    prev_char = word[0]
    for char in word[1:]:
        pairs.add((prev_char, char))
        prev_char = char
    return pairs


class MarkupLMTokenizerFast(PreTrainedTokenizerFast):
    r"""
    Construct a MarkupLM tokenizer. Based on byte-level Byte-Pair-Encoding (BPE).

    [`MarkupLMTokenizerFast`] can be used to turn HTML strings into to token-level `input_ids`, `attention_mask`,
    `token_type_ids`, `xpath_tags_seq` and `xpath_tags_seq`. This tokenizer inherits from [`PreTrainedTokenizer`] which
    contains most of the main methods.

    Users should refer to this superclass for more information regarding those methods.

    Args:
        vocab_file (`str`):
            Path to the vocabulary file.
        merges_file (`str`):
            Path to the merges file.
        errors (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"replace"`):
            Paradigm to follow when decoding bytes to UTF-8. See
            [bytes.decode](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes.decode) for more information.
        bos_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<s>"`):
            The beginning of sequence token that was used during pretraining. Can be used a sequence classifier token.

            <Tip>

            When building a sequence using special tokens, this is not the token that is used for the beginning of
            sequence. The token used is the `cls_token`.

            </Tip>

        eos_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"</s>"`):
            The end of sequence token.

            <Tip>

            When building a sequence using special tokens, this is not the token that is used for the end of sequence.
            The token used is the `sep_token`.

            </Tip>

        sep_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"</s>"`):
            The separator token, which is used when building a sequence from multiple sequences, e.g. two sequences for
            sequence classification or for a text and a question for question answering. It is also used as the last
            token of a sequence built with special tokens.
        cls_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<s>"`):
            The classifier token which is used when doing sequence classification (classification of the whole sequence
            instead of per-token classification). It is the first token of the sequence when built with special tokens.
        unk_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<unk>"`):
            The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this
            token instead.
        pad_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<pad>"`):
            The token used for padding, for example when batching sequences of different lengths.
        mask_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<mask>"`):
            The token used for masking values. This is the token used when training this model with masked language
            modeling. This is the token which the model will try to predict.
        add_prefix_space (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
            Whether or not to add an initial space to the input. This allows to treat the leading word just as any
            other word. (RoBERTa tokenizer detect beginning of words by the preceding space).
    """

    vocab_files_names = VOCAB_FILES_NAMES
    pretrained_vocab_files_map = PRETRAINED_VOCAB_FILES_MAP
    max_model_input_sizes = PRETRAINED_POSITIONAL_EMBEDDINGS_SIZES
    slow_tokenizer_class = MarkupLMTokenizer

    def __init__(
        self,
        vocab_file,
        merges_file,
        tags_dict,
        tokenizer_file=None,
        errors="replace",
        bos_token="<s>",
        eos_token="</s>",
        sep_token="</s>",
        cls_token="<s>",
        unk_token="<unk>",
        pad_token="<pad>",
        mask_token="<mask>",
        add_prefix_space=False,
        max_depth=50,
        max_width=1000,
        pad_width=1001,
        pad_token_label=-100,
        only_label_first_subword=True,
        trim_offsets=False,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        bos_token = AddedToken(bos_token, lstrip=False, rstrip=False) if isinstance(bos_token, str) else bos_token
        eos_token = AddedToken(eos_token, lstrip=False, rstrip=False) if isinstance(eos_token, str) else eos_token
        sep_token = AddedToken(sep_token, lstrip=False, rstrip=False) if isinstance(sep_token, str) else sep_token
        cls_token = AddedToken(cls_token, lstrip=False, rstrip=False) if isinstance(cls_token, str) else cls_token
        unk_token = AddedToken(unk_token, lstrip=False, rstrip=False) if isinstance(unk_token, str) else unk_token
        pad_token = AddedToken(pad_token, lstrip=False, rstrip=False) if isinstance(pad_token, str) else pad_token

        # Mask token behave like a normal word, i.e. include the space before it
        mask_token = AddedToken(mask_token, lstrip=True, rstrip=False) if isinstance(mask_token, str) else mask_token

        super().__init__(
            vocab_file=vocab_file,
            merges_file=merges_file,
            tags_dict=tags_dict,
            tokenizer_file=tokenizer_file,
            errors=errors,
            bos_token=bos_token,
            eos_token=eos_token,
            unk_token=unk_token,
            sep_token=sep_token,
            cls_token=cls_token,
            pad_token=pad_token,
            mask_token=mask_token,
            add_prefix_space=add_prefix_space,
            trim_offsets=trim_offsets,
            max_depth=max_depth,
            max_width=max_width,
            pad_width=pad_width,
            pad_token_label=pad_token_label,
            only_label_first_subword=only_label_first_subword,
            **kwargs,
        )
        if trim_offsets:
            # Not implemented yet, because we need to chain two post processors which is not possible yet
            # We need to wait for https://github.com/huggingface/tokenizers/pull/1005
            # With `trim_offsets=False` we don't need to do add `processors.ByteLevel(trim_offsets=False)`
            # because it's not doing anything
            raise NotImplementedError(
                "`trim_offsets=True` is not implemented for MarkupLMTokenizerFast. Please set it to False."
            )

        self.tags_dict = tags_dict

        pre_tok_state = json.loads(self.backend_tokenizer.pre_tokenizer.__getstate__())
        if pre_tok_state.get("add_prefix_space", add_prefix_space) != add_prefix_space:
            pre_tok_class = getattr(pre_tokenizers, pre_tok_state.pop("type"))
            pre_tok_state["add_prefix_space"] = add_prefix_space
            self.backend_tokenizer.pre_tokenizer = pre_tok_class(**pre_tok_state)

        self.add_prefix_space = add_prefix_space

        tokenizer_component = "post_processor"
        tokenizer_component_instance = getattr(self.backend_tokenizer, tokenizer_component, None)
        if tokenizer_component_instance:
            state = json.loads(tokenizer_component_instance.__getstate__())

            # The lists 'sep' and 'cls' must be cased in tuples for the object `post_processor_class`
            if "sep" in state:
                state["sep"] = tuple(state["sep"])
            if "cls" in state:
                state["cls"] = tuple(state["cls"])

            changes_to_apply = False

            if state.get("add_prefix_space", add_prefix_space) != add_prefix_space:
                state["add_prefix_space"] = add_prefix_space
                changes_to_apply = True

            if changes_to_apply:
                component_class = getattr(processors, state.pop("type"))
                new_value = component_class(**state)
                setattr(self.backend_tokenizer, tokenizer_component, new_value)

        # additional properties
        self.max_depth = max_depth
        self.max_width = max_width
        self.pad_width = pad_width
        self.unk_tag_id = len(self.tags_dict)
        self.pad_tag_id = self.unk_tag_id + 1
        self.pad_xpath_tags_seq = [self.pad_tag_id] * self.max_depth
        self.pad_xpath_subs_seq = [self.pad_width] * self.max_depth
        self.pad_token_label = pad_token_label
        self.only_label_first_subword = only_label_first_subword

    def get_xpath_seq(self, xpath):
        """
        Given the xpath expression of one particular node (like "/html/body/div/li[1]/div/span[2]"), return a list of
        tag IDs and corresponding subscripts, taking into account max depth.
        """
        xpath_tags_list = []
        xpath_subs_list = []

        xpath_units = xpath.split("/")
        for unit in xpath_units:
            if not unit.strip():
                continue
            name_subs = unit.strip().split("[")
            tag_name = name_subs[0]
            sub = 0 if len(name_subs) == 1 else int(name_subs[1][:-1])
            xpath_tags_list.append(self.tags_dict.get(tag_name, self.unk_tag_id))
            xpath_subs_list.append(min(self.max_width, sub))

        xpath_tags_list = xpath_tags_list[: self.max_depth]
        xpath_subs_list = xpath_subs_list[: self.max_depth]
        xpath_tags_list += [self.pad_tag_id] * (self.max_depth - len(xpath_tags_list))
        xpath_subs_list += [self.pad_width] * (self.max_depth - len(xpath_subs_list))

        return xpath_tags_list, xpath_subs_list

    @add_end_docstrings(ENCODE_KWARGS_DOCSTRING, MARKUPLM_ENCODE_PLUS_ADDITIONAL_KWARGS_DOCSTRING)
    def __call__(
        self,
        text: Union[TextInput, PreTokenizedInput, List[TextInput], List[PreTokenizedInput]],
        text_pair: Optional[Union[PreTokenizedInput, List[PreTokenizedInput]]] = None,
        xpaths: Union[List[List[int]], List[List[List[int]]]] = None,
        node_labels: Optional[Union[List[int], List[List[int]]]] = None,
        add_special_tokens: bool = True,
        padding: Union[bool, str, PaddingStrategy] = False,
        truncation: Union[bool, str, TruncationStrategy] = None,
        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
        stride: int = 0,
        pad_to_multiple_of: Optional[int] = None,
        return_tensors: Optional[Union[str, TensorType]] = None,
        return_token_type_ids: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_attention_mask: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_overflowing_tokens: bool = False,
        return_special_tokens_mask: bool = False,
        return_offsets_mapping: bool = False,
        return_length: bool = False,
        verbose: bool = True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> BatchEncoding:
        """
        Main method to tokenize and prepare for the model one or several sequence(s) or one or several pair(s) of
        sequences with nodes, xpaths and optional labels.

        Args:
            text (`str`, `List[str]`, `List[List[str]]`):
                The sequence or batch of sequences to be encoded. Each sequence can be a string, a list of strings
                (words of a single example or questions of a batch of examples) or a list of list of strings (batch of
                words).
            text_pair (`List[str]`, `List[List[str]]`):
                The sequence or batch of sequences to be encoded. Each sequence should be a list of strings
                (pretokenized string).
            xpaths (`List[List[int]]`, `List[List[List[int]]]`):
                Node-level xpaths. Each bounding box should be normalized to be on a 0-1000 scale.
            node_labels (`List[int]`, `List[List[int]]`, *optional*):
                Node-level integer labels (for token classification tasks).
        """

        # Input type checking for clearer error
        def _is_valid_text_input(t):
            if isinstance(t, str):
                # Strings are fine
                return True
            elif isinstance(t, (list, tuple)):
                # List are fine as long as they are...
                if len(t) == 0:
                    # ... empty
                    return True
                elif isinstance(t[0], str):
                    # ... list of strings
                    return True
                elif isinstance(t[0], (list, tuple)):
                    # ... list with an empty list or with a list of strings
                    return len(t[0]) == 0 or isinstance(t[0][0], str)
                else:
                    return False
            else:
                return False

        if text_pair is not None:
            # in case text + text_pair are provided, text = questions, text_pair = nodes
            if not _is_valid_text_input(text):
                raise ValueError("text input must of type `str` (single example) or `List[str]` (batch of examples). ")
            if not isinstance(text_pair, (list, tuple)):
                raise ValueError(
                    "Nodes must be of type `List[str]` (single pretokenized example), "
                    "or `List[List[str]]` (batch of pretokenized examples)."
                )
        else:
            # in case only text is provided => must be nodes
            if not isinstance(text, (list, tuple)):
                raise ValueError(
                    "Nodes must be of type `List[str]` (single pretokenized example), "
                    "or `List[List[str]]` (batch of pretokenized examples)."
                )

        if text_pair is not None:
            is_batched = isinstance(text, (list, tuple))
        else:
            is_batched = isinstance(text, (list, tuple)) and text and isinstance(text[0], (list, tuple))

        nodes = text if text_pair is None else text_pair
        assert xpaths is not None, "You must provide corresponding xpaths"
        if is_batched:
            assert len(nodes) == len(xpaths), "You must provide nodes and xpaths for an equal amount of examples"
            for nodes_example, xpaths_example in zip(nodes, xpaths):
                assert len(nodes_example) == len(xpaths_example), "You must provide as many nodes as there are xpaths"
        else:
            assert len(nodes) == len(xpaths), "You must provide as many nodes as there are xpaths"

        if is_batched:
            if text_pair is not None and len(text) != len(text_pair):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"batch length of `text`: {len(text)} does not match batch length of `text_pair`:"
                    f" {len(text_pair)}."
                )
            batch_text_or_text_pairs = list(zip(text, text_pair)) if text_pair is not None else text
            is_pair = bool(text_pair is not None)
            return self.batch_encode_plus(
                batch_text_or_text_pairs=batch_text_or_text_pairs,
                is_pair=is_pair,
                xpaths=xpaths,
                node_labels=node_labels,
                add_special_tokens=add_special_tokens,
                padding=padding,
                truncation=truncation,
                max_length=max_length,
                stride=stride,
                pad_to_multiple_of=pad_to_multiple_of,
                return_tensors=return_tensors,
                return_token_type_ids=return_token_type_ids,
                return_attention_mask=return_attention_mask,
                return_overflowing_tokens=return_overflowing_tokens,
                return_special_tokens_mask=return_special_tokens_mask,
                return_offsets_mapping=return_offsets_mapping,
                return_length=return_length,
                verbose=verbose,
                **kwargs,
            )
        else:
            return self.encode_plus(
                text=text,
                text_pair=text_pair,
                xpaths=xpaths,
                node_labels=node_labels,
                add_special_tokens=add_special_tokens,
                padding=padding,
                truncation=truncation,
                max_length=max_length,
                stride=stride,
                pad_to_multiple_of=pad_to_multiple_of,
                return_tensors=return_tensors,
                return_token_type_ids=return_token_type_ids,
                return_attention_mask=return_attention_mask,
                return_overflowing_tokens=return_overflowing_tokens,
                return_special_tokens_mask=return_special_tokens_mask,
                return_offsets_mapping=return_offsets_mapping,
                return_length=return_length,
                verbose=verbose,
                **kwargs,
            )

    @add_end_docstrings(ENCODE_KWARGS_DOCSTRING, MARKUPLM_ENCODE_PLUS_ADDITIONAL_KWARGS_DOCSTRING)
    def batch_encode_plus(
        self,
        batch_text_or_text_pairs: Union[
            List[TextInput],
            List[TextInputPair],
            List[PreTokenizedInput],
        ],
        is_pair: bool = None,
        xpaths: Optional[List[List[List[int]]]] = None,
        node_labels: Optional[Union[List[int], List[List[int]]]] = None,
        add_special_tokens: bool = True,
        padding: Union[bool, str, PaddingStrategy] = False,
        truncation: Union[bool, str, TruncationStrategy] = None,
        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
        stride: int = 0,
        pad_to_multiple_of: Optional[int] = None,
        return_tensors: Optional[Union[str, TensorType]] = None,
        return_token_type_ids: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_attention_mask: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_overflowing_tokens: bool = False,
        return_special_tokens_mask: bool = False,
        return_offsets_mapping: bool = False,
        return_length: bool = False,
        verbose: bool = True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> BatchEncoding:
        # Backward compatibility for 'truncation_strategy', 'pad_to_max_length'
        padding_strategy, truncation_strategy, max_length, kwargs = self._get_padding_truncation_strategies(
            padding=padding,
            truncation=truncation,
            max_length=max_length,
            pad_to_multiple_of=pad_to_multiple_of,
            verbose=verbose,
            **kwargs,
        )

        return self._batch_encode_plus(
            batch_text_or_text_pairs=batch_text_or_text_pairs,
            is_pair=is_pair,
            xpaths=xpaths,
            node_labels=node_labels,
            add_special_tokens=add_special_tokens,
            padding_strategy=padding_strategy,
            truncation_strategy=truncation_strategy,
            max_length=max_length,
            stride=stride,
            pad_to_multiple_of=pad_to_multiple_of,
            return_tensors=return_tensors,
            return_token_type_ids=return_token_type_ids,
            return_attention_mask=return_attention_mask,
            return_overflowing_tokens=return_overflowing_tokens,
            return_special_tokens_mask=return_special_tokens_mask,
            return_offsets_mapping=return_offsets_mapping,
            return_length=return_length,
            verbose=verbose,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def tokenize(self, text: str, pair: Optional[str] = None, add_special_tokens: bool = False, **kwargs) -> List[str]:
        batched_input = [(text, pair)] if pair else [text]
        encodings = self._tokenizer.encode_batch(
            batched_input, add_special_tokens=add_special_tokens, is_pretokenized=False, **kwargs
        )

        return encodings[0].tokens

    @add_end_docstrings(ENCODE_KWARGS_DOCSTRING, MARKUPLM_ENCODE_PLUS_ADDITIONAL_KWARGS_DOCSTRING)
    def encode_plus(
        self,
        text: Union[TextInput, PreTokenizedInput],
        text_pair: Optional[PreTokenizedInput] = None,
        xpaths: Optional[List[List[int]]] = None,
        node_labels: Optional[List[int]] = None,
        add_special_tokens: bool = True,
        padding: Union[bool, str, PaddingStrategy] = False,
        truncation: Union[bool, str, TruncationStrategy] = None,
        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
        stride: int = 0,
        pad_to_multiple_of: Optional[int] = None,
        return_tensors: Optional[Union[str, TensorType]] = None,
        return_token_type_ids: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_attention_mask: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_overflowing_tokens: bool = False,
        return_special_tokens_mask: bool = False,
        return_offsets_mapping: bool = False,
        return_length: bool = False,
        verbose: bool = True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> BatchEncoding:
        """
        Tokenize and prepare for the model a sequence or a pair of sequences. .. warning:: This method is deprecated,
        `__call__` should be used instead.

        Args:
            text (`str`, `List[str]`, `List[List[str]]`):
                The first sequence to be encoded. This can be a string, a list of strings or a list of list of strings.
            text_pair (`List[str]` or `List[int]`, *optional*):
                Optional second sequence to be encoded. This can be a list of strings (words of a single example) or a
                list of list of strings (words of a batch of examples).
        """

        # Backward compatibility for 'truncation_strategy', 'pad_to_max_length'
        padding_strategy, truncation_strategy, max_length, kwargs = self._get_padding_truncation_strategies(
            padding=padding,
            truncation=truncation,
            max_length=max_length,
            pad_to_multiple_of=pad_to_multiple_of,
            verbose=verbose,
            **kwargs,
        )

        return self._encode_plus(
            text=text,
            xpaths=xpaths,
            text_pair=text_pair,
            node_labels=node_labels,
            add_special_tokens=add_special_tokens,
            padding_strategy=padding_strategy,
            truncation_strategy=truncation_strategy,
            max_length=max_length,
            stride=stride,
            pad_to_multiple_of=pad_to_multiple_of,
            return_tensors=return_tensors,
            return_token_type_ids=return_token_type_ids,
            return_attention_mask=return_attention_mask,
            return_overflowing_tokens=return_overflowing_tokens,
            return_special_tokens_mask=return_special_tokens_mask,
            return_offsets_mapping=return_offsets_mapping,
            return_length=return_length,
            verbose=verbose,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def _batch_encode_plus(
        self,
        batch_text_or_text_pairs: Union[
            List[TextInput],
            List[TextInputPair],
            List[PreTokenizedInput],
        ],
        is_pair: bool = None,
        xpaths: Optional[List[List[List[int]]]] = None,
        node_labels: Optional[List[List[int]]] = None,
        add_special_tokens: bool = True,
        padding_strategy: PaddingStrategy = PaddingStrategy.DO_NOT_PAD,
        truncation_strategy: TruncationStrategy = TruncationStrategy.DO_NOT_TRUNCATE,
        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
        stride: int = 0,
        pad_to_multiple_of: Optional[int] = None,
        return_tensors: Optional[str] = None,
        return_token_type_ids: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_attention_mask: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_overflowing_tokens: bool = False,
        return_special_tokens_mask: bool = False,
        return_offsets_mapping: bool = False,
        return_length: bool = False,
        verbose: bool = True,
    ) -> BatchEncoding:
        if not isinstance(batch_text_or_text_pairs, list):
            raise TypeError(f"batch_text_or_text_pairs has to be a list (got {type(batch_text_or_text_pairs)})")

        # Set the truncation and padding strategy and restore the initial configuration
        self.set_truncation_and_padding(
            padding_strategy=padding_strategy,
            truncation_strategy=truncation_strategy,
            max_length=max_length,
            stride=stride,
            pad_to_multiple_of=pad_to_multiple_of,
        )

        if is_pair:
            batch_text_or_text_pairs = [([text], text_pair) for text, text_pair in batch_text_or_text_pairs]

        encodings = self._tokenizer.encode_batch(
            batch_text_or_text_pairs,
            add_special_tokens=add_special_tokens,
            is_pretokenized=True,  # we set this to True as MarkupLM always expects pretokenized inputs
        )

        # Convert encoding to dict
        # `Tokens` is a tuple of (List[Dict[str, List[List[int]]]] or List[Dict[str, 2D-Tensor]],
        #  List[EncodingFast]) with nested dimensions corresponding to batch, overflows, sequence length
        tokens_and_encodings = [
            self._convert_encoding(
                encoding=encoding,
                return_token_type_ids=return_token_type_ids,
                return_attention_mask=return_attention_mask,
                return_overflowing_tokens=return_overflowing_tokens,
                return_special_tokens_mask=return_special_tokens_mask,
                return_offsets_mapping=True
                if node_labels is not None
                else return_offsets_mapping,  # we use offsets to create the labels
                return_length=return_length,
                verbose=verbose,
            )
            for encoding in encodings
        ]

        # Convert the output to have dict[list] from list[dict] and remove the additional overflows dimension
        # From (variable) shape (batch, overflows, sequence length) to ~ (batch * overflows, sequence length)
        # (we say ~ because the number of overflow varies with the example in the batch)
        #
        # To match each overflowing sample with the original sample in the batch
        # we add an overflow_to_sample_mapping array (see below)
        sanitized_tokens = {}
        for key in tokens_and_encodings[0][0].keys():
            stack = [e for item, _ in tokens_and_encodings for e in item[key]]
            sanitized_tokens[key] = stack
        sanitized_encodings = [e for _, item in tokens_and_encodings for e in item]

        # If returning overflowing tokens, we need to return a mapping
        # from the batch idx to the original sample
        if return_overflowing_tokens:
            overflow_to_sample_mapping = []
            for i, (toks, _) in enumerate(tokens_and_encodings):
                overflow_to_sample_mapping += [i] * len(toks["input_ids"])
            sanitized_tokens["overflow_to_sample_mapping"] = overflow_to_sample_mapping

        for input_ids in sanitized_tokens["input_ids"]:
            self._eventual_warn_about_too_long_sequence(input_ids, max_length, verbose)

        # create the token-level xpaths tags and subscripts
        xpath_tags_seq = []
        xpath_subs_seq = []
        for batch_index in range(len(sanitized_tokens["input_ids"])):
            if return_overflowing_tokens:
                original_index = sanitized_tokens["overflow_to_sample_mapping"][batch_index]
            else:
                original_index = batch_index
            xpath_tags_seq_example = []
            xpath_subs_seq_example = []
            for id, sequence_id, word_id in zip(
                sanitized_tokens["input_ids"][batch_index],
                sanitized_encodings[batch_index].sequence_ids,
                sanitized_encodings[batch_index].word_ids,
            ):
                if word_id is not None:
                    if is_pair and sequence_id == 0:
                        xpath_tags_seq_example.append(self.pad_xpath_tags_seq)
                        xpath_subs_seq_example.append(self.pad_xpath_subs_seq)
                    else:
                        xpath_tags_list, xpath_subs_list = self.get_xpath_seq(xpaths[original_index][word_id])
                        xpath_tags_seq_example.extend([xpath_tags_list])
                        xpath_subs_seq_example.extend([xpath_subs_list])
                else:
                    if id in [self.cls_token_id, self.sep_token_id, self.pad_token_id]:
                        xpath_tags_seq_example.append(self.pad_xpath_tags_seq)
                        xpath_subs_seq_example.append(self.pad_xpath_subs_seq)
                    else:
                        raise ValueError("Id not recognized")
            xpath_tags_seq.append(xpath_tags_seq_example)
            xpath_subs_seq.append(xpath_subs_seq_example)

        sanitized_tokens["xpath_tags_seq"] = xpath_tags_seq
        sanitized_tokens["xpath_subs_seq"] = xpath_subs_seq

        # optionally, create the labels
        if node_labels is not None:
            labels = []
            for batch_index in range(len(sanitized_tokens["input_ids"])):
                if return_overflowing_tokens:
                    original_index = sanitized_tokens["overflow_to_sample_mapping"][batch_index]
                else:
                    original_index = batch_index
                labels_example = []
                for id, offset, word_id in zip(
                    sanitized_tokens["input_ids"][batch_index],
                    sanitized_tokens["offset_mapping"][batch_index],
                    sanitized_encodings[batch_index].word_ids,
                ):
                    if word_id is not None:
                        if self.only_label_first_subword:
                            if offset[0] == 0:
                                # Use the real label id for the first token of the word, and padding ids for the remaining tokens
                                labels_example.append(node_labels[original_index][word_id])
                            else:
                                labels_example.append(self.pad_token_label)
                        else:
                            labels_example.append(node_labels[original_index][word_id])
                    else:
                        labels_example.append(self.pad_token_label)
                labels.append(labels_example)

            sanitized_tokens["labels"] = labels
            # finally, remove offsets if the user didn't want them
            if not return_offsets_mapping:
                del sanitized_tokens["offset_mapping"]

        return BatchEncoding(sanitized_tokens, sanitized_encodings, tensor_type=return_tensors)

    def _encode_plus(
        self,
        text: Union[TextInput, PreTokenizedInput],
        text_pair: Optional[PreTokenizedInput] = None,
        xpaths: Optional[List[List[int]]] = None,
        node_labels: Optional[List[int]] = None,
        add_special_tokens: bool = True,
        padding_strategy: PaddingStrategy = PaddingStrategy.DO_NOT_PAD,
        truncation_strategy: TruncationStrategy = TruncationStrategy.DO_NOT_TRUNCATE,
        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
        stride: int = 0,
        pad_to_multiple_of: Optional[int] = None,
        return_tensors: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_token_type_ids: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_attention_mask: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_overflowing_tokens: bool = False,
        return_special_tokens_mask: bool = False,
        return_offsets_mapping: bool = False,
        return_length: bool = False,
        verbose: bool = True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> BatchEncoding:
        # make it a batched input
        # 2 options:
        # 1) only text, in case text must be a list of str
        # 2) text + text_pair, in which case text = str and text_pair a list of str
        batched_input = [(text, text_pair)] if text_pair else [text]
        batched_xpaths = [xpaths]
        batched_node_labels = [node_labels] if node_labels is not None else None
        batched_output = self._batch_encode_plus(
            batched_input,
            is_pair=bool(text_pair is not None),
            xpaths=batched_xpaths,
            node_labels=batched_node_labels,
            add_special_tokens=add_special_tokens,
            padding_strategy=padding_strategy,
            truncation_strategy=truncation_strategy,
            max_length=max_length,
            stride=stride,
            pad_to_multiple_of=pad_to_multiple_of,
            return_tensors=return_tensors,
            return_token_type_ids=return_token_type_ids,
            return_attention_mask=return_attention_mask,
            return_overflowing_tokens=return_overflowing_tokens,
            return_special_tokens_mask=return_special_tokens_mask,
            return_offsets_mapping=return_offsets_mapping,
            return_length=return_length,
            verbose=verbose,
            **kwargs,
        )

        # Return tensor is None, then we can remove the leading batch axis
        # Overflowing tokens are returned as a batch of output so we keep them in this case
        if return_tensors is None and not return_overflowing_tokens:
            batched_output = BatchEncoding(
                {
                    key: value[0] if len(value) > 0 and isinstance(value[0], list) else value
                    for key, value in batched_output.items()
                },
                batched_output.encodings,
            )

        self._eventual_warn_about_too_long_sequence(batched_output["input_ids"], max_length, verbose)

        return batched_output

    def _pad(
        self,
        encoded_inputs: Union[Dict[str, EncodedInput], BatchEncoding],
        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
        padding_strategy: PaddingStrategy = PaddingStrategy.DO_NOT_PAD,
        pad_to_multiple_of: Optional[int] = None,
        return_attention_mask: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> dict:
        """
        Args:
        Pad encoded inputs (on left/right and up to predefined length or max length in the batch)
            encoded_inputs:
                Dictionary of tokenized inputs (`List[int]`) or batch of tokenized inputs (`List[List[int]]`).
            max_length: maximum length of the returned list and optionally padding length (see below).
                Will truncate by taking into account the special tokens.
            padding_strategy: PaddingStrategy to use for padding.
                - PaddingStrategy.LONGEST Pad to the longest sequence in the batch
                - PaddingStrategy.MAX_LENGTH: Pad to the max length (default)
                - PaddingStrategy.DO_NOT_PAD: Do not pad
                The tokenizer padding sides are defined in self.padding_side:
                    - 'left': pads on the left of the sequences
                    - 'right': pads on the right of the sequences
            pad_to_multiple_of: (optional) Integer if set will pad the sequence to a multiple of the provided value.
                This is especially useful to enable the use of Tensor Core on NVIDIA hardware with compute capability
                `>= 7.5` (Volta).
            return_attention_mask:
                (optional) Set to False to avoid returning attention mask (default: set to model specifics)
        """
        # Load from model defaults
        if return_attention_mask is None:
            return_attention_mask = "attention_mask" in self.model_input_names

        required_input = encoded_inputs[self.model_input_names[0]]

        if padding_strategy == PaddingStrategy.LONGEST:
            max_length = len(required_input)

        if max_length is not None and pad_to_multiple_of is not None and (max_length % pad_to_multiple_of != 0):
            max_length = ((max_length // pad_to_multiple_of) + 1) * pad_to_multiple_of

        needs_to_be_padded = padding_strategy != PaddingStrategy.DO_NOT_PAD and len(required_input) != max_length

        # Initialize attention mask if not present.
        if return_attention_mask and "attention_mask" not in encoded_inputs:
            encoded_inputs["attention_mask"] = [1] * len(required_input)

        if needs_to_be_padded:
            difference = max_length - len(required_input)
            if self.padding_side == "right":
                if return_attention_mask:
                    encoded_inputs["attention_mask"] = encoded_inputs["attention_mask"] + [0] * difference
                if "token_type_ids" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["token_type_ids"] = (
                        encoded_inputs["token_type_ids"] + [self.pad_token_type_id] * difference
                    )
                if "xpath_tags_seq" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["xpath_tags_seq"] = (
                        encoded_inputs["xpath_tags_seq"] + [self.pad_xpath_tags_seq] * difference
                    )
                if "xpath_subs_seq" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["xpath_subs_seq"] = (
                        encoded_inputs["xpath_subs_seq"] + [self.pad_xpath_subs_seq] * difference
                    )
                if "labels" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["labels"] = encoded_inputs["labels"] + [self.pad_token_label] * difference
                if "special_tokens_mask" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["special_tokens_mask"] = encoded_inputs["special_tokens_mask"] + [1] * difference
                encoded_inputs[self.model_input_names[0]] = required_input + [self.pad_token_id] * difference
            elif self.padding_side == "left":
                if return_attention_mask:
                    encoded_inputs["attention_mask"] = [0] * difference + encoded_inputs["attention_mask"]
                if "token_type_ids" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["token_type_ids"] = [self.pad_token_type_id] * difference + encoded_inputs[
                        "token_type_ids"
                    ]
                if "xpath_tags_seq" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["xpath_tags_seq"] = [self.pad_xpath_tags_seq] * difference + encoded_inputs[
                        "xpath_tags_seq"
                    ]
                if "xpath_subs_seq" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["xpath_subs_seq"] = [self.pad_xpath_subs_seq] * difference + encoded_inputs[
                        "xpath_subs_seq"
                    ]
                if "labels" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["labels"] = [self.pad_token_label] * difference + encoded_inputs["labels"]
                if "special_tokens_mask" in encoded_inputs:
                    encoded_inputs["special_tokens_mask"] = [1] * difference + encoded_inputs["special_tokens_mask"]
                encoded_inputs[self.model_input_names[0]] = [self.pad_token_id] * difference + required_input
            else:
                raise ValueError("Invalid padding strategy:" + str(self.padding_side))

        return encoded_inputs

    def build_inputs_with_special_tokens(
        self, token_ids_0: List[int], token_ids_1: Optional[List[int]] = None
    ) -> List[int]:
        """
        Build model inputs from a sequence or a pair of sequence for sequence classification tasks by concatenating and
        adding special tokens. A RoBERTa sequence has the following format:
        - single sequence: `<s> X </s>`
        - pair of sequences: `<s> A </s></s> B </s>`

        Args:
            token_ids_0 (`List[int]`):
                List of IDs to which the special tokens will be added.
            token_ids_1 (`List[int]`, *optional*):
                Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.
        Returns:
            `List[int]`: List of [input IDs](../glossary#input-ids) with the appropriate special tokens.
        """
        if token_ids_1 is None:
            return [self.cls_token_id] + token_ids_0 + [self.sep_token_id]
        cls = [self.cls_token_id]
        sep = [self.sep_token_id]
        return cls + token_ids_0 + sep + token_ids_1 + sep

    def create_token_type_ids_from_sequences(
        self, token_ids_0: List[int], token_ids_1: Optional[List[int]] = None
    ) -> List[int]:
        """
        Create a mask from the two sequences passed to be used in a sequence-pair classification task. RoBERTa does not
        make use of token type ids, therefore a list of zeros is returned.

        Args:
            token_ids_0 (`List[int]`):
                List of IDs.
            token_ids_1 (`List[int]`, *optional*):
                Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.
        Returns:
            `List[int]`: List of zeros.
        """
        sep = [self.sep_token_id]
        cls = [self.cls_token_id]

        if token_ids_1 is None:
            return len(cls + token_ids_0 + sep) * [0]
        return len(cls + token_ids_0 + sep + token_ids_1 + sep) * [0]

    def save_vocabulary(self, save_directory: str, filename_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[str]:
        files = self._tokenizer.model.save(save_directory, name=filename_prefix)
        return tuple(files)