modeling_deta.py

# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2022 SenseTime and The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" PyTorch DETA model."""


import copy
import math
import os
import warnings
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import Tensor, nn
from torch.autograd import Function
from torch.autograd.function import once_differentiable

from ...activations import ACT2FN
from ...file_utils import (
    ModelOutput,
    add_start_docstrings,
    add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
    is_scipy_available,
    is_torch_cuda_available,
    is_vision_available,
    replace_return_docstrings,
)
from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import _prepare_4d_attention_mask
from ...modeling_outputs import BaseModelOutput
from ...modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
from ...pytorch_utils import meshgrid
from ...utils import is_accelerate_available, is_ninja_available, is_torchvision_available, logging, requires_backends
from ...utils.backbone_utils import load_backbone
from .configuration_deta import DetaConfig


logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

MultiScaleDeformableAttention = None


# Copied from models.deformable_detr.load_cuda_kernels
def load_cuda_kernels():
    from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load

    global MultiScaleDeformableAttention

    root = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "kernels" / "deta"
    src_files = [
        root / filename
        for filename in [
            "vision.cpp",
            os.path.join("cpu", "ms_deform_attn_cpu.cpp"),
            os.path.join("cuda", "ms_deform_attn_cuda.cu"),
        ]
    ]

    load(
        "MultiScaleDeformableAttention",
        src_files,
        with_cuda=True,
        extra_include_paths=[str(root)],
        extra_cflags=["-DWITH_CUDA=1"],
        extra_cuda_cflags=[
            "-DCUDA_HAS_FP16=1",
            "-D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__",
            "-D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__",
            "-D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__",
        ],
    )


# Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.MultiScaleDeformableAttentionFunction
class MultiScaleDeformableAttentionFunction(Function):
    @staticmethod
    def forward(
        context,
        value,
        value_spatial_shapes,
        value_level_start_index,
        sampling_locations,
        attention_weights,
        im2col_step,
    ):
        context.im2col_step = im2col_step
        output = MultiScaleDeformableAttention.ms_deform_attn_forward(
            value,
            value_spatial_shapes,
            value_level_start_index,
            sampling_locations,
            attention_weights,
            context.im2col_step,
        )
        context.save_for_backward(
            value, value_spatial_shapes, value_level_start_index, sampling_locations, attention_weights
        )
        return output

    @staticmethod
    @once_differentiable
    def backward(context, grad_output):
        (
            value,
            value_spatial_shapes,
            value_level_start_index,
            sampling_locations,
            attention_weights,
        ) = context.saved_tensors
        grad_value, grad_sampling_loc, grad_attn_weight = MultiScaleDeformableAttention.ms_deform_attn_backward(
            value,
            value_spatial_shapes,
            value_level_start_index,
            sampling_locations,
            attention_weights,
            grad_output,
            context.im2col_step,
        )

        return grad_value, None, None, grad_sampling_loc, grad_attn_weight, None


if is_accelerate_available():
    from accelerate import PartialState
    from accelerate.utils import reduce

if is_vision_available():
    from transformers.image_transforms import center_to_corners_format

if is_torchvision_available():
    from torchvision.ops.boxes import batched_nms

if is_scipy_available():
    from scipy.optimize import linear_sum_assignment

logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

_CONFIG_FOR_DOC = "DetaConfig"
_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC = "jozhang97/deta-swin-large-o365"


@dataclass
# Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrDecoderOutput with DeformableDetr->Deta
class DetaDecoderOutput(ModelOutput):
    """
    Base class for outputs of the DetaDecoder. This class adds two attributes to
    BaseModelOutputWithCrossAttentions, namely:
    - a stacked tensor of intermediate decoder hidden states (i.e. the output of each decoder layer)
    - a stacked tensor of intermediate reference points.

    Args:
        last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
            Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.
        intermediate_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.decoder_layers, num_queries, hidden_size)`):
            Stacked intermediate hidden states (output of each layer of the decoder).
        intermediate_reference_points (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.decoder_layers, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
            Stacked intermediate reference points (reference points of each layer of the decoder).
        hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of
            shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`. Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer
            plus the initial embedding outputs.
        attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length,
            sequence_length)`. Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in
            the self-attention heads.
        cross_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` and `config.add_cross_attention=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length,
            sequence_length)`. Attentions weights of the decoder's cross-attention layer, after the attention softmax,
            used to compute the weighted average in the cross-attention heads.
    """

    last_hidden_state: torch.FloatTensor = None
    intermediate_hidden_states: torch.FloatTensor = None
    intermediate_reference_points: torch.FloatTensor = None
    hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    cross_attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None


@dataclass
class DetaModelOutput(ModelOutput):
    """
    Base class for outputs of the Deformable DETR encoder-decoder model.

    Args:
        init_reference_points (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape  `(batch_size, num_queries, 4)`):
            Initial reference points sent through the Transformer decoder.
        last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, hidden_size)`):
            Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the decoder of the model.
        intermediate_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.decoder_layers, num_queries, hidden_size)`):
            Stacked intermediate hidden states (output of each layer of the decoder).
        intermediate_reference_points (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.decoder_layers, num_queries, 4)`):
            Stacked intermediate reference points (reference points of each layer of the decoder).
        decoder_hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of
            shape `(batch_size, num_queries, hidden_size)`. Hidden-states of the decoder at the output of each layer
            plus the initial embedding outputs.
        decoder_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, num_queries,
            num_queries)`. Attentions weights of the decoder, after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted
            average in the self-attention heads.
        cross_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, num_heads, 4, 4)`.
            Attentions weights of the decoder's cross-attention layer, after the attention softmax, used to compute the
            weighted average in the cross-attention heads.
        encoder_last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder of the model.
        encoder_hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of
            shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`. Hidden-states of the encoder at the output of each
            layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
        encoder_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, num_heads, 4, 4)`.
            Attentions weights of the encoder, after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the
            self-attention heads.
        enc_outputs_class (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)`, *optional*, returned when `config.with_box_refine=True` and `config.two_stage=True`):
            Predicted bounding boxes scores where the top `config.two_stage_num_proposals` scoring bounding boxes are
            picked as region proposals in the first stage. Output of bounding box binary classification (i.e.
            foreground and background).
        enc_outputs_coord_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, 4)`, *optional*, returned when `config.with_box_refine=True` and `config.two_stage=True`):
            Logits of predicted bounding boxes coordinates in the first stage.
        output_proposals (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, 4)`, *optional*, returned when `config.two_stage=True`):
            Logits of proposal bounding boxes coordinates in the gen_encoder_output_proposals.
    """

    init_reference_points: torch.FloatTensor = None
    last_hidden_state: torch.FloatTensor = None
    intermediate_hidden_states: torch.FloatTensor = None
    intermediate_reference_points: torch.FloatTensor = None
    decoder_hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    decoder_attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    cross_attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    encoder_last_hidden_state: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    encoder_hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    encoder_attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    enc_outputs_class: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    enc_outputs_coord_logits: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    output_proposals: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None


@dataclass
class DetaObjectDetectionOutput(ModelOutput):
    """
    Output type of [`DetaForObjectDetection`].

    Args:
        loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, *optional*, returned when `labels` are provided)):
            Total loss as a linear combination of a negative log-likehood (cross-entropy) for class prediction and a
            bounding box loss. The latter is defined as a linear combination of the L1 loss and the generalized
            scale-invariant IoU loss.
        loss_dict (`Dict`, *optional*):
            A dictionary containing the individual losses. Useful for logging.
        logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, num_classes + 1)`):
            Classification logits (including no-object) for all queries.
        pred_boxes (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, 4)`):
            Normalized boxes coordinates for all queries, represented as (center_x, center_y, width, height). These
            values are normalized in [0, 1], relative to the size of each individual image in the batch (disregarding
            possible padding). You can use [`~DetaProcessor.post_process_object_detection`] to retrieve the
            unnormalized bounding boxes.
        auxiliary_outputs (`list[Dict]`, *optional*):
            Optional, only returned when auxilary losses are activated (i.e. `config.auxiliary_loss` is set to `True`)
            and labels are provided. It is a list of dictionaries containing the two above keys (`logits` and
            `pred_boxes`) for each decoder layer.
        last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the decoder of the model.
        decoder_hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of
            shape `(batch_size, num_queries, hidden_size)`. Hidden-states of the decoder at the output of each layer
            plus the initial embedding outputs.
        decoder_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, num_queries,
            num_queries)`. Attentions weights of the decoder, after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted
            average in the self-attention heads.
        cross_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, num_heads, 4, 4)`.
            Attentions weights of the decoder's cross-attention layer, after the attention softmax, used to compute the
            weighted average in the cross-attention heads.
        encoder_last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder of the model.
        encoder_hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of
            shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`. Hidden-states of the encoder at the output of each
            layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
        encoder_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, num_heads, 4,
            4)`. Attentions weights of the encoder, after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average
            in the self-attention heads.
        intermediate_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.decoder_layers, num_queries, hidden_size)`):
            Stacked intermediate hidden states (output of each layer of the decoder).
        intermediate_reference_points (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.decoder_layers, num_queries, 4)`):
            Stacked intermediate reference points (reference points of each layer of the decoder).
        init_reference_points (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape  `(batch_size, num_queries, 4)`):
            Initial reference points sent through the Transformer decoder.
        enc_outputs_class (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)`, *optional*, returned when `config.with_box_refine=True` and `config.two_stage=True`):
            Predicted bounding boxes scores where the top `config.two_stage_num_proposals` scoring bounding boxes are
            picked as region proposals in the first stage. Output of bounding box binary classification (i.e.
            foreground and background).
        enc_outputs_coord_logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, 4)`, *optional*, returned when `config.with_box_refine=True` and `config.two_stage=True`):
            Logits of predicted bounding boxes coordinates in the first stage.
        output_proposals (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, 4)`, *optional*, returned when `config.two_stage=True`):
            Logits of proposal bounding boxes coordinates in the gen_encoder_output_proposals.
    """

    loss: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    loss_dict: Optional[Dict] = None
    logits: torch.FloatTensor = None
    pred_boxes: torch.FloatTensor = None
    auxiliary_outputs: Optional[List[Dict]] = None
    init_reference_points: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    last_hidden_state: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    intermediate_hidden_states: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    intermediate_reference_points: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    decoder_hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    decoder_attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    cross_attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    encoder_last_hidden_state: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    encoder_hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    encoder_attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
    enc_outputs_class: Optional = None
    enc_outputs_coord_logits: Optional = None
    output_proposals: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None


def _get_clones(module, N):
    return nn.ModuleList([copy.deepcopy(module) for i in range(N)])


def inverse_sigmoid(x, eps=1e-5):
    x = x.clamp(min=0, max=1)
    x1 = x.clamp(min=eps)
    x2 = (1 - x).clamp(min=eps)
    return torch.log(x1 / x2)


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.DetrFrozenBatchNorm2d with Detr->Deta
class DetaFrozenBatchNorm2d(nn.Module):
    """
    BatchNorm2d where the batch statistics and the affine parameters are fixed.

    Copy-paste from torchvision.misc.ops with added eps before rqsrt, without which any other models than
    torchvision.models.resnet[18,34,50,101] produce nans.
    """

    def __init__(self, n):
        super().__init__()
        self.register_buffer("weight", torch.ones(n))
        self.register_buffer("bias", torch.zeros(n))
        self.register_buffer("running_mean", torch.zeros(n))
        self.register_buffer("running_var", torch.ones(n))

    def _load_from_state_dict(
        self, state_dict, prefix, local_metadata, strict, missing_keys, unexpected_keys, error_msgs
    ):
        num_batches_tracked_key = prefix + "num_batches_tracked"
        if num_batches_tracked_key in state_dict:
            del state_dict[num_batches_tracked_key]

        super()._load_from_state_dict(
            state_dict, prefix, local_metadata, strict, missing_keys, unexpected_keys, error_msgs
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        # move reshapes to the beginning
        # to make it user-friendly
        weight = self.weight.reshape(1, -1, 1, 1)
        bias = self.bias.reshape(1, -1, 1, 1)
        running_var = self.running_var.reshape(1, -1, 1, 1)
        running_mean = self.running_mean.reshape(1, -1, 1, 1)
        epsilon = 1e-5
        scale = weight * (running_var + epsilon).rsqrt()
        bias = bias - running_mean * scale
        return x * scale + bias


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.replace_batch_norm with Detr->Deta
def replace_batch_norm(model):
    r"""
    Recursively replace all `torch.nn.BatchNorm2d` with `DetaFrozenBatchNorm2d`.

    Args:
        model (torch.nn.Module):
            input model
    """
    for name, module in model.named_children():
        if isinstance(module, nn.BatchNorm2d):
            new_module = DetaFrozenBatchNorm2d(module.num_features)

            if not module.weight.device == torch.device("meta"):
                new_module.weight.data.copy_(module.weight)
                new_module.bias.data.copy_(module.bias)
                new_module.running_mean.data.copy_(module.running_mean)
                new_module.running_var.data.copy_(module.running_var)

            model._modules[name] = new_module

        if len(list(module.children())) > 0:
            replace_batch_norm(module)


class DetaBackboneWithPositionalEncodings(nn.Module):
    """
    Backbone model with positional embeddings.

    nn.BatchNorm2d layers are replaced by DetaFrozenBatchNorm2d as defined above.
    """

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()

        backbone = load_backbone(config)
        with torch.no_grad():
            replace_batch_norm(backbone)
        self.model = backbone
        self.intermediate_channel_sizes = self.model.channels

        # TODO fix this
        if config.backbone_config.model_type == "resnet":
            for name, parameter in self.model.named_parameters():
                if "stages.1" not in name and "stages.2" not in name and "stages.3" not in name:
                    parameter.requires_grad_(False)

        self.position_embedding = build_position_encoding(config)

    def forward(self, pixel_values: torch.Tensor, pixel_mask: torch.Tensor):
        """
        Outputs feature maps of latter stages C_3 through C_5 in ResNet if `config.num_feature_levels > 1`, otherwise
        outputs feature maps of C_5.
        """
        # first, send pixel_values through the backbone to get list of feature maps
        features = self.model(pixel_values).feature_maps

        # next, create position embeddings
        out = []
        pos = []
        for feature_map in features:
            # downsample pixel_mask to match shape of corresponding feature_map
            mask = nn.functional.interpolate(pixel_mask[None].float(), size=feature_map.shape[-2:]).to(torch.bool)[0]
            position_embeddings = self.position_embedding(feature_map, mask).to(feature_map.dtype)
            out.append((feature_map, mask))
            pos.append(position_embeddings)

        return out, pos


# Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrSinePositionEmbedding with DeformableDetr->Deta
class DetaSinePositionEmbedding(nn.Module):
    """
    This is a more standard version of the position embedding, very similar to the one used by the Attention is all you
    need paper, generalized to work on images.
    """

    def __init__(self, embedding_dim=64, temperature=10000, normalize=False, scale=None):
        super().__init__()
        self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim
        self.temperature = temperature
        self.normalize = normalize
        if scale is not None and normalize is False:
            raise ValueError("normalize should be True if scale is passed")
        if scale is None:
            scale = 2 * math.pi
        self.scale = scale

    def forward(self, pixel_values, pixel_mask):
        if pixel_mask is None:
            raise ValueError("No pixel mask provided")
        y_embed = pixel_mask.cumsum(1, dtype=torch.float32)
        x_embed = pixel_mask.cumsum(2, dtype=torch.float32)
        if self.normalize:
            eps = 1e-6
            y_embed = (y_embed - 0.5) / (y_embed[:, -1:, :] + eps) * self.scale
            x_embed = (x_embed - 0.5) / (x_embed[:, :, -1:] + eps) * self.scale

        dim_t = torch.arange(self.embedding_dim, dtype=torch.int64, device=pixel_values.device).float()
        dim_t = self.temperature ** (2 * torch.div(dim_t, 2, rounding_mode="floor") / self.embedding_dim)

        pos_x = x_embed[:, :, :, None] / dim_t
        pos_y = y_embed[:, :, :, None] / dim_t
        pos_x = torch.stack((pos_x[:, :, :, 0::2].sin(), pos_x[:, :, :, 1::2].cos()), dim=4).flatten(3)
        pos_y = torch.stack((pos_y[:, :, :, 0::2].sin(), pos_y[:, :, :, 1::2].cos()), dim=4).flatten(3)
        pos = torch.cat((pos_y, pos_x), dim=3).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        return pos


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.DetrLearnedPositionEmbedding
class DetaLearnedPositionEmbedding(nn.Module):
    """
    This module learns positional embeddings up to a fixed maximum size.
    """

    def __init__(self, embedding_dim=256):
        super().__init__()
        self.row_embeddings = nn.Embedding(50, embedding_dim)
        self.column_embeddings = nn.Embedding(50, embedding_dim)

    def forward(self, pixel_values, pixel_mask=None):
        height, width = pixel_values.shape[-2:]
        width_values = torch.arange(width, device=pixel_values.device)
        height_values = torch.arange(height, device=pixel_values.device)
        x_emb = self.column_embeddings(width_values)
        y_emb = self.row_embeddings(height_values)
        pos = torch.cat([x_emb.unsqueeze(0).repeat(height, 1, 1), y_emb.unsqueeze(1).repeat(1, width, 1)], dim=-1)
        pos = pos.permute(2, 0, 1)
        pos = pos.unsqueeze(0)
        pos = pos.repeat(pixel_values.shape[0], 1, 1, 1)
        return pos


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.build_position_encoding with Detr->Deta
def build_position_encoding(config):
    n_steps = config.d_model // 2
    if config.position_embedding_type == "sine":
        # TODO find a better way of exposing other arguments
        position_embedding = DetaSinePositionEmbedding(n_steps, normalize=True)
    elif config.position_embedding_type == "learned":
        position_embedding = DetaLearnedPositionEmbedding(n_steps)
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Not supported {config.position_embedding_type}")

    return position_embedding


# Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.multi_scale_deformable_attention
def multi_scale_deformable_attention(
    value: Tensor, value_spatial_shapes: Tensor, sampling_locations: Tensor, attention_weights: Tensor
) -> Tensor:
    batch_size, _, num_heads, hidden_dim = value.shape
    _, num_queries, num_heads, num_levels, num_points, _ = sampling_locations.shape
    value_list = value.split([height.item() * width.item() for height, width in value_spatial_shapes], dim=1)
    sampling_grids = 2 * sampling_locations - 1
    sampling_value_list = []
    for level_id, (height, width) in enumerate(value_spatial_shapes):
        # batch_size, height*width, num_heads, hidden_dim
        # -> batch_size, height*width, num_heads*hidden_dim
        # -> batch_size, num_heads*hidden_dim, height*width
        # -> batch_size*num_heads, hidden_dim, height, width
        value_l_ = (
            value_list[level_id].flatten(2).transpose(1, 2).reshape(batch_size * num_heads, hidden_dim, height, width)
        )
        # batch_size, num_queries, num_heads, num_points, 2
        # -> batch_size, num_heads, num_queries, num_points, 2
        # -> batch_size*num_heads, num_queries, num_points, 2
        sampling_grid_l_ = sampling_grids[:, :, :, level_id].transpose(1, 2).flatten(0, 1)
        # batch_size*num_heads, hidden_dim, num_queries, num_points
        sampling_value_l_ = nn.functional.grid_sample(
            value_l_, sampling_grid_l_, mode="bilinear", padding_mode="zeros", align_corners=False
        )
        sampling_value_list.append(sampling_value_l_)
    # (batch_size, num_queries, num_heads, num_levels, num_points)
    # -> (batch_size, num_heads, num_queries, num_levels, num_points)
    # -> (batch_size, num_heads, 1, num_queries, num_levels*num_points)
    attention_weights = attention_weights.transpose(1, 2).reshape(
        batch_size * num_heads, 1, num_queries, num_levels * num_points
    )
    output = (
        (torch.stack(sampling_value_list, dim=-2).flatten(-2) * attention_weights)
        .sum(-1)
        .view(batch_size, num_heads * hidden_dim, num_queries)
    )
    return output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()


# Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrMultiscaleDeformableAttention with DeformableDetr->Deta
class DetaMultiscaleDeformableAttention(nn.Module):
    """
    Multiscale deformable attention as proposed in Deformable DETR.
    """

    def __init__(self, config: DetaConfig, num_heads: int, n_points: int):
        super().__init__()

        kernel_loaded = MultiScaleDeformableAttention is not None
        if is_torch_cuda_available() and is_ninja_available() and not kernel_loaded:
            try:
                load_cuda_kernels()
            except Exception as e:
                logger.warning(f"Could not load the custom kernel for multi-scale deformable attention: {e}")

        if config.d_model % num_heads != 0:
            raise ValueError(
                f"embed_dim (d_model) must be divisible by num_heads, but got {config.d_model} and {num_heads}"
            )
        dim_per_head = config.d_model // num_heads
        # check if dim_per_head is power of 2
        if not ((dim_per_head & (dim_per_head - 1) == 0) and dim_per_head != 0):
            warnings.warn(
                "You'd better set embed_dim (d_model) in DetaMultiscaleDeformableAttention to make the"
                " dimension of each attention head a power of 2 which is more efficient in the authors' CUDA"
                " implementation."
            )

        self.im2col_step = 64

        self.d_model = config.d_model
        self.n_levels = config.num_feature_levels
        self.n_heads = num_heads
        self.n_points = n_points

        self.sampling_offsets = nn.Linear(config.d_model, num_heads * self.n_levels * n_points * 2)
        self.attention_weights = nn.Linear(config.d_model, num_heads * self.n_levels * n_points)
        self.value_proj = nn.Linear(config.d_model, config.d_model)
        self.output_proj = nn.Linear(config.d_model, config.d_model)

        self.disable_custom_kernels = config.disable_custom_kernels

        self._reset_parameters()

    def _reset_parameters(self):
        nn.init.constant_(self.sampling_offsets.weight.data, 0.0)
        default_dtype = torch.get_default_dtype()
        thetas = torch.arange(self.n_heads, dtype=torch.int64).to(default_dtype) * (2.0 * math.pi / self.n_heads)
        grid_init = torch.stack([thetas.cos(), thetas.sin()], -1)
        grid_init = (
            (grid_init / grid_init.abs().max(-1, keepdim=True)[0])
            .view(self.n_heads, 1, 1, 2)
            .repeat(1, self.n_levels, self.n_points, 1)
        )
        for i in range(self.n_points):
            grid_init[:, :, i, :] *= i + 1
        with torch.no_grad():
            self.sampling_offsets.bias = nn.Parameter(grid_init.view(-1))
        nn.init.constant_(self.attention_weights.weight.data, 0.0)
        nn.init.constant_(self.attention_weights.bias.data, 0.0)
        nn.init.xavier_uniform_(self.value_proj.weight.data)
        nn.init.constant_(self.value_proj.bias.data, 0.0)
        nn.init.xavier_uniform_(self.output_proj.weight.data)
        nn.init.constant_(self.output_proj.bias.data, 0.0)

    def with_pos_embed(self, tensor: torch.Tensor, position_embeddings: Optional[Tensor]):
        return tensor if position_embeddings is None else tensor + position_embeddings

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_hidden_states=None,
        encoder_attention_mask=None,
        position_embeddings: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        reference_points=None,
        spatial_shapes=None,
        level_start_index=None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
    ):
        # add position embeddings to the hidden states before projecting to queries and keys
        if position_embeddings is not None:
            hidden_states = self.with_pos_embed(hidden_states, position_embeddings)

        batch_size, num_queries, _ = hidden_states.shape
        batch_size, sequence_length, _ = encoder_hidden_states.shape
        if (spatial_shapes[:, 0] * spatial_shapes[:, 1]).sum() != sequence_length:
            raise ValueError(
                "Make sure to align the spatial shapes with the sequence length of the encoder hidden states"
            )

        value = self.value_proj(encoder_hidden_states)
        if attention_mask is not None:
            # we invert the attention_mask
            value = value.masked_fill(~attention_mask[..., None], float(0))
        value = value.view(batch_size, sequence_length, self.n_heads, self.d_model // self.n_heads)
        sampling_offsets = self.sampling_offsets(hidden_states).view(
            batch_size, num_queries, self.n_heads, self.n_levels, self.n_points, 2
        )
        attention_weights = self.attention_weights(hidden_states).view(
            batch_size, num_queries, self.n_heads, self.n_levels * self.n_points
        )
        attention_weights = F.softmax(attention_weights, -1).view(
            batch_size, num_queries, self.n_heads, self.n_levels, self.n_points
        )
        # batch_size, num_queries, n_heads, n_levels, n_points, 2
        num_coordinates = reference_points.shape[-1]
        if num_coordinates == 2:
            offset_normalizer = torch.stack([spatial_shapes[..., 1], spatial_shapes[..., 0]], -1)
            sampling_locations = (
                reference_points[:, :, None, :, None, :]
                + sampling_offsets / offset_normalizer[None, None, None, :, None, :]
            )
        elif num_coordinates == 4:
            sampling_locations = (
                reference_points[:, :, None, :, None, :2]
                + sampling_offsets / self.n_points * reference_points[:, :, None, :, None, 2:] * 0.5
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Last dim of reference_points must be 2 or 4, but got {reference_points.shape[-1]}")

        if self.disable_custom_kernels:
            # PyTorch implementation
            output = multi_scale_deformable_attention(value, spatial_shapes, sampling_locations, attention_weights)
        else:
            try:
                # custom kernel
                output = MultiScaleDeformableAttentionFunction.apply(
                    value,
                    spatial_shapes,
                    level_start_index,
                    sampling_locations,
                    attention_weights,
                    self.im2col_step,
                )
            except Exception:
                # PyTorch implementation
                output = multi_scale_deformable_attention(value, spatial_shapes, sampling_locations, attention_weights)
        output = self.output_proj(output)

        return output, attention_weights


# Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrMultiheadAttention with DeformableDetr->Deta,Deformable DETR->DETA
class DetaMultiheadAttention(nn.Module):
    """
    Multi-headed attention from 'Attention Is All You Need' paper.

    Here, we add position embeddings to the queries and keys (as explained in the Deformable DETR paper).
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        embed_dim: int,
        num_heads: int,
        dropout: float = 0.0,
        bias: bool = True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.dropout = dropout
        self.head_dim = embed_dim // num_heads
        if self.head_dim * num_heads != self.embed_dim:
            raise ValueError(
                f"embed_dim must be divisible by num_heads (got `embed_dim`: {self.embed_dim} and `num_heads`:"
                f" {num_heads})."
            )
        self.scaling = self.head_dim**-0.5

        self.k_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
        self.v_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
        self.q_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)

    def _shape(self, tensor: torch.Tensor, seq_len: int, batch_size: int):
        return tensor.view(batch_size, seq_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2).contiguous()

    def with_pos_embed(self, tensor: torch.Tensor, position_embeddings: Optional[Tensor]):
        return tensor if position_embeddings is None else tensor + position_embeddings

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        position_embeddings: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]:
        """Input shape: Batch x Time x Channel"""

        batch_size, target_len, embed_dim = hidden_states.size()
        # add position embeddings to the hidden states before projecting to queries and keys
        if position_embeddings is not None:
            hidden_states_original = hidden_states
            hidden_states = self.with_pos_embed(hidden_states, position_embeddings)

        # get queries, keys and values
        query_states = self.q_proj(hidden_states) * self.scaling
        key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, batch_size)
        value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(hidden_states_original), -1, batch_size)

        proj_shape = (batch_size * self.num_heads, -1, self.head_dim)
        query_states = self._shape(query_states, target_len, batch_size).view(*proj_shape)
        key_states = key_states.view(*proj_shape)
        value_states = value_states.view(*proj_shape)

        source_len = key_states.size(1)

        attn_weights = torch.bmm(query_states, key_states.transpose(1, 2))

        if attn_weights.size() != (batch_size * self.num_heads, target_len, source_len):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Attention weights should be of size {(batch_size * self.num_heads, target_len, source_len)}, but is"
                f" {attn_weights.size()}"
            )

        # expand attention_mask
        if attention_mask is not None:
            # [batch_size, seq_len] -> [batch_size, 1, target_seq_len, source_seq_len]
            attention_mask = _prepare_4d_attention_mask(attention_mask, hidden_states.dtype)

        if attention_mask is not None:
            if attention_mask.size() != (batch_size, 1, target_len, source_len):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Attention mask should be of size {(batch_size, 1, target_len, source_len)}, but is"
                    f" {attention_mask.size()}"
                )
            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(batch_size, self.num_heads, target_len, source_len) + attention_mask
            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(batch_size * self.num_heads, target_len, source_len)

        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1)

        if output_attentions:
            # this operation is a bit awkward, but it's required to
            # make sure that attn_weights keeps its gradient.
            # In order to do so, attn_weights have to reshaped
            # twice and have to be reused in the following
            attn_weights_reshaped = attn_weights.view(batch_size, self.num_heads, target_len, source_len)
            attn_weights = attn_weights_reshaped.view(batch_size * self.num_heads, target_len, source_len)
        else:
            attn_weights_reshaped = None

        attn_probs = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)

        attn_output = torch.bmm(attn_probs, value_states)

        if attn_output.size() != (batch_size * self.num_heads, target_len, self.head_dim):
            raise ValueError(
                f"`attn_output` should be of size {(batch_size, self.num_heads, target_len, self.head_dim)}, but is"
                f" {attn_output.size()}"
            )

        attn_output = attn_output.view(batch_size, self.num_heads, target_len, self.head_dim)
        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2)
        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(batch_size, target_len, embed_dim)

        attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)

        return attn_output, attn_weights_reshaped


class DetaEncoderLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: DetaConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.embed_dim = config.d_model
        self.self_attn = DetaMultiscaleDeformableAttention(
            config,
            num_heads=config.encoder_attention_heads,
            n_points=config.encoder_n_points,
        )
        self.self_attn_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
        self.dropout = config.dropout
        self.activation_fn = ACT2FN[config.activation_function]
        self.activation_dropout = config.activation_dropout
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, config.encoder_ffn_dim)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(config.encoder_ffn_dim, self.embed_dim)
        self.final_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
        position_embeddings: torch.Tensor = None,
        reference_points=None,
        spatial_shapes=None,
        level_start_index=None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
    ):
        """
        Args:
            hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
                Input to the layer.
            attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
                Attention mask.
            position_embeddings (`torch.FloatTensor`, *optional*):
                Position embeddings, to be added to `hidden_states`.
            reference_points (`torch.FloatTensor`, *optional*):
                Reference points.
            spatial_shapes (`torch.LongTensor`, *optional*):
                Spatial shapes of the backbone feature maps.
            level_start_index (`torch.LongTensor`, *optional*):
                Level start index.
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
        """
        residual = hidden_states

        # Apply Multi-scale Deformable Attention Module on the multi-scale feature maps.
        hidden_states, attn_weights = self.self_attn(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            encoder_hidden_states=hidden_states,
            encoder_attention_mask=attention_mask,
            position_embeddings=position_embeddings,
            reference_points=reference_points,
            spatial_shapes=spatial_shapes,
            level_start_index=level_start_index,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )

        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.self_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        residual = hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.activation_fn(self.fc1(hidden_states))
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.activation_dropout, training=self.training)

        hidden_states = self.fc2(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)

        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.final_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        if self.training:
            if torch.isinf(hidden_states).any() or torch.isnan(hidden_states).any():
                clamp_value = torch.finfo(hidden_states.dtype).max - 1000
                hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)

        outputs = (hidden_states,)

        if output_attentions:
            outputs += (attn_weights,)

        return outputs


class DetaDecoderLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: DetaConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.embed_dim = config.d_model

        # self-attention
        self.self_attn = DetaMultiheadAttention(
            embed_dim=self.embed_dim,
            num_heads=config.decoder_attention_heads,
            dropout=config.attention_dropout,
        )
        self.dropout = config.dropout
        self.activation_fn = ACT2FN[config.activation_function]
        self.activation_dropout = config.activation_dropout

        self.self_attn_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
        # cross-attention
        self.encoder_attn = DetaMultiscaleDeformableAttention(
            config,
            num_heads=config.decoder_attention_heads,
            n_points=config.decoder_n_points,
        )
        self.encoder_attn_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
        # feedforward neural networks
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, config.decoder_ffn_dim)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(config.decoder_ffn_dim, self.embed_dim)
        self.final_layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        position_embeddings: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        reference_points=None,
        spatial_shapes=None,
        level_start_index=None,
        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
    ):
        """
        Args:
            hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                Input to the layer of shape `(batch, seq_len, embed_dim)`.
            position_embeddings (`torch.FloatTensor`, *optional*):
                Position embeddings that are added to the queries and keys in the self-attention layer.
            reference_points (`torch.FloatTensor`, *optional*):
                Reference points.
            spatial_shapes (`torch.LongTensor`, *optional*):
                Spatial shapes.
            level_start_index (`torch.LongTensor`, *optional*):
                Level start index.
            encoder_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                cross attention input to the layer of shape `(batch, seq_len, embed_dim)`
            encoder_attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor`): encoder attention mask of size
                `(batch, 1, target_len, source_len)` where padding elements are indicated by very large negative
                values.
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
        """
        residual = hidden_states

        # Self Attention
        hidden_states, self_attn_weights = self.self_attn(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            position_embeddings=position_embeddings,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )

        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.self_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        second_residual = hidden_states

        # Cross-Attention
        cross_attn_weights = None
        hidden_states, cross_attn_weights = self.encoder_attn(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
            encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
            position_embeddings=position_embeddings,
            reference_points=reference_points,
            spatial_shapes=spatial_shapes,
            level_start_index=level_start_index,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )

        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = second_residual + hidden_states

        hidden_states = self.encoder_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        # Fully Connected
        residual = hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.activation_fn(self.fc1(hidden_states))
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.activation_dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = self.fc2(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.final_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        outputs = (hidden_states,)

        if output_attentions:
            outputs += (self_attn_weights, cross_attn_weights)

        return outputs


class DetaPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
    config_class = DetaConfig
    base_model_prefix = "model"
    main_input_name = "pixel_values"
    _no_split_modules = [r"DetaBackboneWithPositionalEncodings", r"DetaEncoderLayer", r"DetaDecoderLayer"]
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True

    def _init_weights(self, module):
        std = self.config.init_std

        if isinstance(module, DetaLearnedPositionEmbedding):
            nn.init.uniform_(module.row_embeddings.weight)
            nn.init.uniform_(module.column_embeddings.weight)
        elif isinstance(module, DetaMultiscaleDeformableAttention):
            module._reset_parameters()
        elif isinstance(module, (nn.Linear, nn.Conv2d, nn.BatchNorm2d)):
            # Slightly different from the TF version which uses truncated_normal for initialization
            # cf https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/5617
            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
            if module.bias is not None:
                module.bias.data.zero_()
        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
            if module.padding_idx is not None:
                module.weight.data[module.padding_idx].zero_()
        if hasattr(module, "reference_points") and not self.config.two_stage:
            nn.init.xavier_uniform_(module.reference_points.weight.data, gain=1.0)
            nn.init.constant_(module.reference_points.bias.data, 0.0)
        if hasattr(module, "level_embed"):
            nn.init.normal_(module.level_embed)


DETA_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
    This model inherits from [`PreTrainedModel`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
    library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
    etc.)

    This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
    Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
    and behavior.

    Parameters:
        config ([`DetaConfig`]):
            Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not
            load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the
            [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
"""

DETA_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)`):
            Pixel values. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

            Pixel values can be obtained using [`AutoImageProcessor`]. See [`AutoImageProcessor.__call__`] for details.

        pixel_mask (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, height, width)`, *optional*):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding pixel values. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

            - 1 for pixels that are real (i.e. **not masked**),
            - 0 for pixels that are padding (i.e. **masked**).

            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)

        decoder_attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries)`, *optional*):
            Not used by default. Can be used to mask object queries.
        encoder_outputs (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*):
            Tuple consists of (`last_hidden_state`, *optional*: `hidden_states`, *optional*: `attentions`)
            `last_hidden_state` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*) is a sequence of
            hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention of the decoder.
        inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Optionally, instead of passing the flattened feature map (output of the backbone + projection layer), you
            can choose to directly pass a flattened representation of an image.
        decoder_inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Optionally, instead of initializing the queries with a tensor of zeros, you can choose to directly pass an
            embedded representation.
        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~file_utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""


class DetaEncoder(DetaPreTrainedModel):
    """
    Transformer encoder consisting of *config.encoder_layers* deformable attention layers. Each layer is a
    [`DetaEncoderLayer`].

    The encoder updates the flattened multi-scale feature maps through multiple deformable attention layers.

    Args:
        config: DetaConfig
    """

    def __init__(self, config: DetaConfig):
        super().__init__(config)

        self.dropout = config.dropout
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([DetaEncoderLayer(config) for _ in range(config.encoder_layers)])
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    @staticmethod
    def get_reference_points(spatial_shapes, valid_ratios, device):
        """
        Get reference points for each feature map. Used in decoder.

        Args:
            spatial_shapes (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(num_feature_levels, 2)`):
                Spatial shapes of each feature map.
            valid_ratios (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_feature_levels, 2)`):
                Valid ratios of each feature map.
            device (`torch.device`):
                Device on which to create the tensors.
        Returns:
            `torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, num_feature_levels, 2)`
        """
        reference_points_list = []
        for level, (height, width) in enumerate(spatial_shapes):
            ref_y, ref_x = meshgrid(
                torch.linspace(0.5, height - 0.5, height, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
                torch.linspace(0.5, width - 0.5, width, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
                indexing="ij",
            )
            # TODO: valid_ratios could be useless here. check https://github.com/fundamentalvision/Deformable-DETR/issues/36
            ref_y = ref_y.reshape(-1)[None] / (valid_ratios[:, None, level, 1] * height)
            ref_x = ref_x.reshape(-1)[None] / (valid_ratios[:, None, level, 0] * width)
            ref = torch.stack((ref_x, ref_y), -1)
            reference_points_list.append(ref)
        reference_points = torch.cat(reference_points_list, 1)
        reference_points = reference_points[:, :, None] * valid_ratios[:, None]
        return reference_points

    def forward(
        self,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        attention_mask=None,
        position_embeddings=None,
        spatial_shapes=None,
        level_start_index=None,
        valid_ratios=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        return_dict=None,
    ):
        r"""
        Args:
            inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
                Flattened feature map (output of the backbone + projection layer) that is passed to the encoder.
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Mask to avoid performing attention on padding pixel features. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
                - 1 for pixel features that are real (i.e. **not masked**),
                - 0 for pixel features that are padding (i.e. **masked**).
                [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
            position_embeddings (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
                Position embeddings that are added to the queries and keys in each self-attention layer.
            spatial_shapes (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(num_feature_levels, 2)`):
                Spatial shapes of each feature map.
            level_start_index (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(num_feature_levels)`):
                Starting index of each feature map.
            valid_ratios (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_feature_levels, 2)`):
                Ratio of valid area in each feature level.
            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
            output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors
                for more detail.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return a [`~file_utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
        """
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        hidden_states = inputs_embeds
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)

        reference_points = self.get_reference_points(spatial_shapes, valid_ratios, device=inputs_embeds.device)

        encoder_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
        for i, encoder_layer in enumerate(self.layers):
            if output_hidden_states:
                encoder_states = encoder_states + (hidden_states,)
            layer_outputs = encoder_layer(
                hidden_states,
                attention_mask,
                position_embeddings=position_embeddings,
                reference_points=reference_points,
                spatial_shapes=spatial_shapes,
                level_start_index=level_start_index,
                output_attentions=output_attentions,
            )

            hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]

            if output_attentions:
                all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[1],)

        if output_hidden_states:
            encoder_states = encoder_states + (hidden_states,)

        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(v for v in [hidden_states, encoder_states, all_attentions] if v is not None)
        return BaseModelOutput(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states, hidden_states=encoder_states, attentions=all_attentions
        )


class DetaDecoder(DetaPreTrainedModel):
    """
    Transformer decoder consisting of *config.decoder_layers* layers. Each layer is a [`DetaDecoderLayer`].

    The decoder updates the query embeddings through multiple self-attention and cross-attention layers.

    Some tweaks for Deformable DETR:

    - `position_embeddings`, `reference_points`, `spatial_shapes` and `valid_ratios` are added to the forward pass.
    - it also returns a stack of intermediate outputs and reference points from all decoding layers.

    Args:
        config: DetaConfig
    """

    def __init__(self, config: DetaConfig):
        super().__init__(config)

        self.dropout = config.dropout
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([DetaDecoderLayer(config) for _ in range(config.decoder_layers)])
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

        # hack implementation for iterative bounding box refinement and two-stage Deformable DETR
        self.bbox_embed = None
        self.class_embed = None

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def forward(
        self,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        encoder_hidden_states=None,
        encoder_attention_mask=None,
        position_embeddings=None,
        reference_points=None,
        spatial_shapes=None,
        level_start_index=None,
        valid_ratios=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        return_dict=None,
    ):
        r"""
        Args:
            inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, hidden_size)`):
                The query embeddings that are passed into the decoder.
            encoder_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
                Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention
                of the decoder.
            encoder_attention_mask (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Mask to avoid performing cross-attention on padding pixel_values of the encoder. Mask values selected
                in `[0, 1]`:
                - 1 for pixels that are real (i.e. **not masked**),
                - 0 for pixels that are padding (i.e. **masked**).
            position_embeddings (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
                Position embeddings that are added to the queries and keys in each self-attention layer.
            reference_points (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_queries, 4)` is `as_two_stage` else `(batch_size, num_queries, 2)` or , *optional*):
                Reference point in range `[0, 1]`, top-left (0,0), bottom-right (1, 1), including padding area.
            spatial_shapes (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_feature_levels, 2)`):
                Spatial shapes of the feature maps.
            level_start_index (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(num_feature_levels)`, *optional*):
                Indexes for the start of each feature level. In range `[0, sequence_length]`.
            valid_ratios (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_feature_levels, 2)`, *optional*):
                Ratio of valid area in each feature level.

            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
                returned tensors for more detail.
            output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors
                for more detail.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
                Whether or not to return a [`~file_utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
        """
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        if inputs_embeds is not None:
            hidden_states = inputs_embeds

        # decoder layers
        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        all_self_attns = () if output_attentions else None
        all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions and encoder_hidden_states is not None) else None
        intermediate = ()
        intermediate_reference_points = ()

        for idx, decoder_layer in enumerate(self.layers):
            if reference_points.shape[-1] == 4:
                reference_points_input = (
                    reference_points[:, :, None] * torch.cat([valid_ratios, valid_ratios], -1)[:, None]
                )
            else:
                if reference_points.shape[-1] != 2:
                    raise ValueError("Reference points' last dimension must be of size 2")
                reference_points_input = reference_points[:, :, None] * valid_ratios[:, None]

            if output_hidden_states:
                all_hidden_states += (hidden_states,)

            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                    decoder_layer.__call__,
                    hidden_states,
                    position_embeddings,
                    reference_points_input,
                    spatial_shapes,
                    level_start_index,
                    encoder_hidden_states,
                    encoder_attention_mask,
                    output_attentions,
                )
            else:
                layer_outputs = decoder_layer(
                    hidden_states,
                    position_embeddings=position_embeddings,
                    encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                    reference_points=reference_points_input,
                    spatial_shapes=spatial_shapes,
                    level_start_index=level_start_index,
                    encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                    output_attentions=output_attentions,
                )

            hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]

            # hack implementation for iterative bounding box refinement
            if self.bbox_embed is not None:
                tmp = self.bbox_embed[idx](hidden_states)
                if reference_points.shape[-1] == 4:
                    new_reference_points = tmp + inverse_sigmoid(reference_points)
                    new_reference_points = new_reference_points.sigmoid()
                else:
                    if reference_points.shape[-1] != 2:
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"Reference points' last dimension must be of size 2, but is {reference_points.shape[-1]}"
                        )
                    new_reference_points = tmp
                    new_reference_points[..., :2] = tmp[..., :2] + inverse_sigmoid(reference_points)
                    new_reference_points = new_reference_points.sigmoid()
                reference_points = new_reference_points.detach()

            intermediate += (hidden_states,)
            intermediate_reference_points += (reference_points,)

            if output_attentions:
                all_self_attns += (layer_outputs[1],)

                if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                    all_cross_attentions += (layer_outputs[2],)

        # Keep batch_size as first dimension
        intermediate = torch.stack(intermediate, dim=1)
        intermediate_reference_points = torch.stack(intermediate_reference_points, dim=1)

        # add hidden states from the last decoder layer
        if output_hidden_states:
            all_hidden_states += (hidden_states,)

        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(
                v
                for v in [
                    hidden_states,
                    intermediate,
                    intermediate_reference_points,
                    all_hidden_states,
                    all_self_attns,
                    all_cross_attentions,
                ]
                if v is not None
            )
        return DetaDecoderOutput(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
            intermediate_hidden_states=intermediate,
            intermediate_reference_points=intermediate_reference_points,
            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
            attentions=all_self_attns,
            cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    """
    The bare DETA Model (consisting of a backbone and encoder-decoder Transformer) outputting raw hidden-states without
    any specific head on top.
    """,
    DETA_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class DetaModel(DetaPreTrainedModel):
    def __init__(self, config: DetaConfig):
        super().__init__(config)

        if config.two_stage:
            requires_backends(self, ["torchvision"])

        # Create backbone with positional encoding
        self.backbone = DetaBackboneWithPositionalEncodings(config)
        intermediate_channel_sizes = self.backbone.intermediate_channel_sizes

        # Create input projection layers
        if config.num_feature_levels > 1:
            num_backbone_outs = len(intermediate_channel_sizes)
            input_proj_list = []
            for _ in range(num_backbone_outs):
                in_channels = intermediate_channel_sizes[_]
                input_proj_list.append(
                    nn.Sequential(
                        nn.Conv2d(in_channels, config.d_model, kernel_size=1),
                        nn.GroupNorm(32, config.d_model),
                    )
                )
            for _ in range(config.num_feature_levels - num_backbone_outs):
                input_proj_list.append(
                    nn.Sequential(
                        nn.Conv2d(in_channels, config.d_model, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1),
                        nn.GroupNorm(32, config.d_model),
                    )
                )
                in_channels = config.d_model
            self.input_proj = nn.ModuleList(input_proj_list)
        else:
            self.input_proj = nn.ModuleList(
                [
                    nn.Sequential(
                        nn.Conv2d(intermediate_channel_sizes[-1], config.d_model, kernel_size=1),
                        nn.GroupNorm(32, config.d_model),
                    )
                ]
            )

        if not config.two_stage:
            self.query_position_embeddings = nn.Embedding(config.num_queries, config.d_model * 2)

        self.encoder = DetaEncoder(config)
        self.decoder = DetaDecoder(config)

        self.level_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.Tensor(config.num_feature_levels, config.d_model))

        if config.two_stage:
            self.enc_output = nn.Linear(config.d_model, config.d_model)
            self.enc_output_norm = nn.LayerNorm(config.d_model)
            self.pos_trans = nn.Linear(config.d_model * 2, config.d_model * 2)
            self.pos_trans_norm = nn.LayerNorm(config.d_model * 2)
            self.pix_trans = nn.Linear(config.d_model, config.d_model)
            self.pix_trans_norm = nn.LayerNorm(config.d_model)
        else:
            self.reference_points = nn.Linear(config.d_model, 2)

        self.assign_first_stage = config.assign_first_stage
        self.two_stage_num_proposals = config.two_stage_num_proposals

        self.post_init()

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrModel.get_encoder
    def get_encoder(self):
        return self.encoder

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrModel.get_decoder
    def get_decoder(self):
        return self.decoder

    def freeze_backbone(self):
        for name, param in self.backbone.model.named_parameters():
            param.requires_grad_(False)

    def unfreeze_backbone(self):
        for name, param in self.backbone.model.named_parameters():
            param.requires_grad_(True)

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrModel.get_valid_ratio
    def get_valid_ratio(self, mask, dtype=torch.float32):
        """Get the valid ratio of all feature maps."""

        _, height, width = mask.shape
        valid_height = torch.sum(mask[:, :, 0], 1)
        valid_width = torch.sum(mask[:, 0, :], 1)
        valid_ratio_height = valid_height.to(dtype) / height
        valid_ratio_width = valid_width.to(dtype) / width
        valid_ratio = torch.stack([valid_ratio_width, valid_ratio_height], -1)
        return valid_ratio

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrModel.get_proposal_pos_embed
    def get_proposal_pos_embed(self, proposals):
        """Get the position embedding of the proposals."""

        num_pos_feats = self.config.d_model // 2
        temperature = 10000
        scale = 2 * math.pi

        dim_t = torch.arange(num_pos_feats, dtype=torch.int64, device=proposals.device).float()
        dim_t = temperature ** (2 * torch.div(dim_t, 2, rounding_mode="floor") / num_pos_feats)
        # batch_size, num_queries, 4
        proposals = proposals.sigmoid() * scale
        # batch_size, num_queries, 4, 128
        pos = proposals[:, :, :, None] / dim_t
        # batch_size, num_queries, 4, 64, 2 -> batch_size, num_queries, 512
        pos = torch.stack((pos[:, :, :, 0::2].sin(), pos[:, :, :, 1::2].cos()), dim=4).flatten(2)
        return pos

    def gen_encoder_output_proposals(self, enc_output, padding_mask, spatial_shapes):
        """Generate the encoder output proposals from encoded enc_output.

        Args:
            enc_output (Tensor[batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size]): Output of the encoder.
            padding_mask (Tensor[batch_size, sequence_length]): Padding mask for `enc_output`.
            spatial_shapes (Tensor[num_feature_levels, 2]): Spatial shapes of the feature maps.

        Returns:
            `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`: A tuple of feature map and bbox prediction.
                - object_query (Tensor[batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size]): Object query features. Later used to
                  directly predict a bounding box. (without the need of a decoder)
                - output_proposals (Tensor[batch_size, sequence_length, 4]): Normalized proposals, after an inverse
                  sigmoid.
        """
        batch_size = enc_output.shape[0]
        proposals = []
        _cur = 0
        level_ids = []
        for level, (height, width) in enumerate(spatial_shapes):
            mask_flatten_ = padding_mask[:, _cur : (_cur + height * width)].view(batch_size, height, width, 1)
            valid_height = torch.sum(~mask_flatten_[:, :, 0, 0], 1)
            valid_width = torch.sum(~mask_flatten_[:, 0, :, 0], 1)

            grid_y, grid_x = meshgrid(
                torch.linspace(0, height - 1, height, dtype=torch.float32, device=enc_output.device),
                torch.linspace(0, width - 1, width, dtype=torch.float32, device=enc_output.device),
                indexing="ij",
            )
            grid = torch.cat([grid_x.unsqueeze(-1), grid_y.unsqueeze(-1)], -1)

            scale = torch.cat([valid_width.unsqueeze(-1), valid_height.unsqueeze(-1)], 1).view(batch_size, 1, 1, 2)
            grid = (grid.unsqueeze(0).expand(batch_size, -1, -1, -1) + 0.5) / scale
            width_heigth = torch.ones_like(grid) * 0.05 * (2.0**level)
            proposal = torch.cat((grid, width_heigth), -1).view(batch_size, -1, 4)
            proposals.append(proposal)
            _cur += height * width
            level_ids.append(grid.new_ones(height * width, dtype=torch.long) * level)
        output_proposals = torch.cat(proposals, 1)
        output_proposals_valid = ((output_proposals > 0.01) & (output_proposals < 0.99)).all(-1, keepdim=True)
        output_proposals = torch.log(output_proposals / (1 - output_proposals))  # inverse sigmoid
        output_proposals = output_proposals.masked_fill(padding_mask.unsqueeze(-1), float("inf"))
        output_proposals = output_proposals.masked_fill(~output_proposals_valid, float("inf"))

        # assign each pixel as an object query
        object_query = enc_output
        object_query = object_query.masked_fill(padding_mask.unsqueeze(-1), float(0))
        object_query = object_query.masked_fill(~output_proposals_valid, float(0))
        object_query = self.enc_output_norm(self.enc_output(object_query))
        level_ids = torch.cat(level_ids)
        return object_query, output_proposals, level_ids

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(DETA_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=DetaModelOutput, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    def forward(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor,
        pixel_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        decoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        encoder_outputs: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        decoder_inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], DetaModelOutput]:
        r"""
        Returns:

        Examples:

        ```python
        >>> from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, DetaModel
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import requests

        >>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

        >>> image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("jozhang97/deta-swin-large-o365")
        >>> model = DetaModel.from_pretrained("jozhang97/deta-swin-large-o365", two_stage=False)

        >>> inputs = image_processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")

        >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

        >>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state
        >>> list(last_hidden_states.shape)
        [1, 900, 256]
        ```"""
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        batch_size, num_channels, height, width = pixel_values.shape
        device = pixel_values.device

        if pixel_mask is None:
            pixel_mask = torch.ones(((batch_size, height, width)), dtype=torch.long, device=device)

        # Extract multi-scale feature maps of same resolution `config.d_model` (cf Figure 4 in paper)
        # First, sent pixel_values + pixel_mask through Backbone to obtain the features
        # which is a list of tuples
        features, position_embeddings_list = self.backbone(pixel_values, pixel_mask)

        # Then, apply 1x1 convolution to reduce the channel dimension to d_model (256 by default)
        sources = []
        masks = []
        for level, (source, mask) in enumerate(features):
            sources.append(self.input_proj[level](source))
            masks.append(mask)
            if mask is None:
                raise ValueError("No attention mask was provided")

        # Lowest resolution feature maps are obtained via 3x3 stride 2 convolutions on the final stage
        if self.config.num_feature_levels > len(sources):
            _len_sources = len(sources)
            for level in range(_len_sources, self.config.num_feature_levels):
                if level == _len_sources:
                    source = self.input_proj[level](features[-1][0])
                else:
                    source = self.input_proj[level](sources[-1])
                mask = nn.functional.interpolate(pixel_mask[None].float(), size=source.shape[-2:]).to(torch.bool)[0]
                pos_l = self.backbone.position_embedding(source, mask).to(source.dtype)
                sources.append(source)
                masks.append(mask)
                position_embeddings_list.append(pos_l)

        # Create queries
        query_embeds = None
        if not self.config.two_stage:
            query_embeds = self.query_position_embeddings.weight

        # Prepare encoder inputs (by flattening)
        spatial_shapes = [(source.shape[2:]) for source in sources]
        source_flatten = [source.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2) for source in sources]
        mask_flatten = [mask.flatten(1) for mask in masks]

        lvl_pos_embed_flatten = []
        for level, pos_embed in enumerate(position_embeddings_list):
            pos_embed = pos_embed.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
            lvl_pos_embed = pos_embed + self.level_embed[level].view(1, 1, -1)
            lvl_pos_embed_flatten.append(lvl_pos_embed)

        source_flatten = torch.cat(source_flatten, 1)
        mask_flatten = torch.cat(mask_flatten, 1)
        lvl_pos_embed_flatten = torch.cat(lvl_pos_embed_flatten, 1)
        spatial_shapes = torch.as_tensor(spatial_shapes, dtype=torch.long, device=source_flatten.device)
        level_start_index = torch.cat((spatial_shapes.new_zeros((1,)), spatial_shapes.prod(1).cumsum(0)[:-1]))
        valid_ratios = torch.stack([self.get_valid_ratio(m) for m in masks], 1)
        valid_ratios = valid_ratios.float()

        # Fourth, sent source_flatten + mask_flatten + lvl_pos_embed_flatten (backbone + proj layer output) through encoder
        # Also provide spatial_shapes, level_start_index and valid_ratios
        if encoder_outputs is None:
            encoder_outputs = self.encoder(
                inputs_embeds=source_flatten,
                attention_mask=mask_flatten,
                position_embeddings=lvl_pos_embed_flatten,
                spatial_shapes=spatial_shapes,
                level_start_index=level_start_index,
                valid_ratios=valid_ratios,
                output_attentions=output_attentions,
                output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
                return_dict=return_dict,
            )
        # If the user passed a tuple for encoder_outputs, we wrap it in a BaseModelOutput when return_dict=True
        elif return_dict and not isinstance(encoder_outputs, BaseModelOutput):
            encoder_outputs = BaseModelOutput(
                last_hidden_state=encoder_outputs[0],
                hidden_states=encoder_outputs[1] if len(encoder_outputs) > 1 else None,
                attentions=encoder_outputs[2] if len(encoder_outputs) > 2 else None,
            )

        # Fifth, prepare decoder inputs
        batch_size, _, num_channels = encoder_outputs[0].shape
        enc_outputs_class = None
        enc_outputs_coord_logits = None
        output_proposals = None
        if self.config.two_stage:
            object_query_embedding, output_proposals, level_ids = self.gen_encoder_output_proposals(
                encoder_outputs[0], ~mask_flatten, spatial_shapes
            )

            # hack implementation for two-stage DETA
            # apply a detection head to each pixel (A.4 in paper)
            # linear projection for bounding box binary classification (i.e. foreground and background)
            enc_outputs_class = self.decoder.class_embed[-1](object_query_embedding)
            # 3-layer FFN to predict bounding boxes coordinates (bbox regression branch)
            delta_bbox = self.decoder.bbox_embed[-1](object_query_embedding)
            enc_outputs_coord_logits = delta_bbox + output_proposals

            # only keep top scoring `config.two_stage_num_proposals` proposals
            topk = self.two_stage_num_proposals
            proposal_logit = enc_outputs_class[..., 0]

            if self.assign_first_stage:
                proposal_boxes = center_to_corners_format(enc_outputs_coord_logits.sigmoid().float()).clamp(0, 1)
                topk_proposals = []
                for b in range(batch_size):
                    prop_boxes_b = proposal_boxes[b]
                    prop_logits_b = proposal_logit[b]

                    # pre-nms per-level topk
                    pre_nms_topk = 1000
                    pre_nms_inds = []
                    for lvl in range(len(spatial_shapes)):
                        lvl_mask = level_ids == lvl
                        pre_nms_inds.append(torch.topk(prop_logits_b.sigmoid() * lvl_mask, pre_nms_topk)[1])
                    pre_nms_inds = torch.cat(pre_nms_inds)

                    # nms on topk indices
                    post_nms_inds = batched_nms(
                        prop_boxes_b[pre_nms_inds], prop_logits_b[pre_nms_inds], level_ids[pre_nms_inds], 0.9
                    )
                    keep_inds = pre_nms_inds[post_nms_inds]

                    if len(keep_inds) < self.two_stage_num_proposals:
                        print(
                            f"[WARNING] nms proposals ({len(keep_inds)}) < {self.two_stage_num_proposals}, running"
                            " naive topk"
                        )
                        keep_inds = torch.topk(proposal_logit[b], topk)[1]

                    # keep top Q/L indices for L levels
                    q_per_l = topk // len(spatial_shapes)
                    is_level_ordered = (
                        level_ids[keep_inds][None]
                        == torch.arange(len(spatial_shapes), device=level_ids.device)[:, None]
                    )
                    keep_inds_mask = is_level_ordered & (is_level_ordered.cumsum(1) <= q_per_l)  # LS
                    keep_inds_mask = keep_inds_mask.any(0)  # S

                    # pad to Q indices (might let ones filtered from pre-nms sneak by... unlikely because we pick high conf anyways)
                    if keep_inds_mask.sum() < topk:
                        num_to_add = topk - keep_inds_mask.sum()
                        pad_inds = (~keep_inds_mask).nonzero()[:num_to_add]
                        keep_inds_mask[pad_inds] = True

                    keep_inds_topk = keep_inds[keep_inds_mask]
                    topk_proposals.append(keep_inds_topk)
                topk_proposals = torch.stack(topk_proposals)
            else:
                topk_proposals = torch.topk(enc_outputs_class[..., 0], topk, dim=1)[1]

            topk_coords_logits = torch.gather(
                enc_outputs_coord_logits, 1, topk_proposals.unsqueeze(-1).repeat(1, 1, 4)
            )
            topk_coords_logits = topk_coords_logits.detach()
            reference_points = topk_coords_logits.sigmoid()
            init_reference_points = reference_points
            pos_trans_out = self.pos_trans_norm(self.pos_trans(self.get_proposal_pos_embed(topk_coords_logits)))
            query_embed, target = torch.split(pos_trans_out, num_channels, dim=2)

            topk_feats = torch.stack(
                [object_query_embedding[b][topk_proposals[b]] for b in range(batch_size)]
            ).detach()
            target = target + self.pix_trans_norm(self.pix_trans(topk_feats))
        else:
            query_embed, target = torch.split(query_embeds, num_channels, dim=1)
            query_embed = query_embed.unsqueeze(0).expand(batch_size, -1, -1)
            target = target.unsqueeze(0).expand(batch_size, -1, -1)
            reference_points = self.reference_points(query_embed).sigmoid()
            init_reference_points = reference_points

        decoder_outputs = self.decoder(
            inputs_embeds=target,
            position_embeddings=query_embed,
            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_outputs[0],
            encoder_attention_mask=mask_flatten,
            reference_points=reference_points,
            spatial_shapes=spatial_shapes,
            level_start_index=level_start_index,
            valid_ratios=valid_ratios,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        if not return_dict:
            enc_outputs = tuple(value for value in [enc_outputs_class, enc_outputs_coord_logits] if value is not None)
            tuple_outputs = (init_reference_points,) + decoder_outputs + encoder_outputs + enc_outputs

            return tuple_outputs

        return DetaModelOutput(
            init_reference_points=init_reference_points,
            last_hidden_state=decoder_outputs.last_hidden_state,
            intermediate_hidden_states=decoder_outputs.intermediate_hidden_states,
            intermediate_reference_points=decoder_outputs.intermediate_reference_points,
            decoder_hidden_states=decoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            decoder_attentions=decoder_outputs.attentions,
            cross_attentions=decoder_outputs.cross_attentions,
            encoder_last_hidden_state=encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state,
            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            encoder_attentions=encoder_outputs.attentions,
            enc_outputs_class=enc_outputs_class,
            enc_outputs_coord_logits=enc_outputs_coord_logits,
            output_proposals=output_proposals,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    """
    DETA Model (consisting of a backbone and encoder-decoder Transformer) with object detection heads on top, for tasks
    such as COCO detection.
    """,
    DETA_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class DetaForObjectDetection(DetaPreTrainedModel):
    # When using clones, all layers > 0 will be clones, but layer 0 *is* required
    _tied_weights_keys = [r"bbox_embed\.\d+", r"class_embed\.\d+"]
    # We can't initialize the model on meta device as some weights are modified during the initialization
    _no_split_modules = None

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrForObjectDetection.__init__ with DeformableDetr->Deta
    def __init__(self, config: DetaConfig):
        super().__init__(config)

        # Deformable DETR encoder-decoder model
        self.model = DetaModel(config)

        # Detection heads on top
        self.class_embed = nn.Linear(config.d_model, config.num_labels)
        self.bbox_embed = DetaMLPPredictionHead(
            input_dim=config.d_model, hidden_dim=config.d_model, output_dim=4, num_layers=3
        )

        prior_prob = 0.01
        bias_value = -math.log((1 - prior_prob) / prior_prob)
        self.class_embed.bias.data = torch.ones(config.num_labels) * bias_value
        nn.init.constant_(self.bbox_embed.layers[-1].weight.data, 0)
        nn.init.constant_(self.bbox_embed.layers[-1].bias.data, 0)

        # if two-stage, the last class_embed and bbox_embed is for region proposal generation
        num_pred = (config.decoder_layers + 1) if config.two_stage else config.decoder_layers
        if config.with_box_refine:
            self.class_embed = _get_clones(self.class_embed, num_pred)
            self.bbox_embed = _get_clones(self.bbox_embed, num_pred)
            nn.init.constant_(self.bbox_embed[0].layers[-1].bias.data[2:], -2.0)
            # hack implementation for iterative bounding box refinement
            self.model.decoder.bbox_embed = self.bbox_embed
        else:
            nn.init.constant_(self.bbox_embed.layers[-1].bias.data[2:], -2.0)
            self.class_embed = nn.ModuleList([self.class_embed for _ in range(num_pred)])
            self.bbox_embed = nn.ModuleList([self.bbox_embed for _ in range(num_pred)])
            self.model.decoder.bbox_embed = None
        if config.two_stage:
            # hack implementation for two-stage
            self.model.decoder.class_embed = self.class_embed
            for box_embed in self.bbox_embed:
                nn.init.constant_(box_embed.layers[-1].bias.data[2:], 0.0)

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    @torch.jit.unused
    def _set_aux_loss(self, outputs_class, outputs_coord):
        # this is a workaround to make torchscript happy, as torchscript
        # doesn't support dictionary with non-homogeneous values, such
        # as a dict having both a Tensor and a list.
        aux_loss = [
            {"logits": logits, "pred_boxes": pred_boxes}
            for logits, pred_boxes in zip(outputs_class.transpose(0, 1)[:-1], outputs_coord.transpose(0, 1)[:-1])
        ]
        return aux_loss

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(DETA_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=DetaObjectDetectionOutput, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    def forward(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor,
        pixel_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        decoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        encoder_outputs: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        decoder_inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        labels: Optional[List[dict]] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], DetaObjectDetectionOutput]:
        r"""
        labels (`List[Dict]` of len `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
            Labels for computing the bipartite matching loss. List of dicts, each dictionary containing at least the
            following 2 keys: 'class_labels' and 'boxes' (the class labels and bounding boxes of an image in the batch
            respectively). The class labels themselves should be a `torch.LongTensor` of len `(number of bounding boxes
            in the image,)` and the boxes a `torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(number of bounding boxes in the image, 4)`.

        Returns:

        Examples:

        ```python
        >>> from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, DetaForObjectDetection
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import requests

        >>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

        >>> image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("jozhang97/deta-swin-large")
        >>> model = DetaForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("jozhang97/deta-swin-large")

        >>> inputs = image_processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
        >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

        >>> # convert outputs (bounding boxes and class logits) to Pascal VOC format (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax)
        >>> target_sizes = torch.tensor([image.size[::-1]])
        >>> results = image_processor.post_process_object_detection(outputs, threshold=0.5, target_sizes=target_sizes)[
        ...     0
        ... ]
        >>> for score, label, box in zip(results["scores"], results["labels"], results["boxes"]):
        ...     box = [round(i, 2) for i in box.tolist()]
        ...     print(
        ...         f"Detected {model.config.id2label[label.item()]} with confidence "
        ...         f"{round(score.item(), 3)} at location {box}"
        ...     )
        Detected cat with confidence 0.802 at location [9.87, 54.36, 316.93, 473.44]
        Detected cat with confidence 0.795 at location [346.62, 24.35, 639.62, 373.2]
        Detected remote with confidence 0.725 at location [40.41, 73.36, 175.77, 117.29]
        Detected remote with confidence 0.638 at location [333.34, 76.81, 370.22, 187.94]
        Detected couch with confidence 0.584 at location [0.03, 0.99, 640.02, 474.93]
        ```"""
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        # First, sent images through DETR base model to obtain encoder + decoder outputs
        outputs = self.model(
            pixel_values,
            pixel_mask=pixel_mask,
            decoder_attention_mask=decoder_attention_mask,
            encoder_outputs=encoder_outputs,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            decoder_inputs_embeds=decoder_inputs_embeds,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        hidden_states = outputs.intermediate_hidden_states if return_dict else outputs[2]
        init_reference = outputs.init_reference_points if return_dict else outputs[0]
        inter_references = outputs.intermediate_reference_points if return_dict else outputs[3]

        # class logits + predicted bounding boxes
        outputs_classes = []
        outputs_coords = []

        for level in range(hidden_states.shape[1]):
            if level == 0:
                reference = init_reference
            else:
                reference = inter_references[:, level - 1]
            reference = inverse_sigmoid(reference)
            outputs_class = self.class_embed[level](hidden_states[:, level])
            delta_bbox = self.bbox_embed[level](hidden_states[:, level])
            if reference.shape[-1] == 4:
                outputs_coord_logits = delta_bbox + reference
            elif reference.shape[-1] == 2:
                delta_bbox[..., :2] += reference
                outputs_coord_logits = delta_bbox
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"reference.shape[-1] should be 4 or 2, but got {reference.shape[-1]}")
            outputs_coord = outputs_coord_logits.sigmoid()
            outputs_classes.append(outputs_class)
            outputs_coords.append(outputs_coord)
        # Keep batch_size as first dimension
        outputs_class = torch.stack(outputs_classes, dim=1)
        outputs_coord = torch.stack(outputs_coords, dim=1)

        logits = outputs_class[:, -1]
        pred_boxes = outputs_coord[:, -1]

        loss, loss_dict, auxiliary_outputs = None, None, None
        if labels is not None:
            # First: create the matcher
            matcher = DetaHungarianMatcher(
                class_cost=self.config.class_cost, bbox_cost=self.config.bbox_cost, giou_cost=self.config.giou_cost
            )
            # Second: create the criterion
            losses = ["labels", "boxes", "cardinality"]
            criterion = DetaLoss(
                matcher=matcher,
                num_classes=self.config.num_labels,
                focal_alpha=self.config.focal_alpha,
                losses=losses,
                num_queries=self.config.num_queries,
                assign_first_stage=self.config.assign_first_stage,
                assign_second_stage=self.config.assign_second_stage,
            )
            criterion.to(logits.device)
            # Third: compute the losses, based on outputs and labels
            outputs_loss = {}
            outputs_loss["logits"] = logits
            outputs_loss["pred_boxes"] = pred_boxes
            outputs_loss["init_reference"] = init_reference
            if self.config.auxiliary_loss:
                auxiliary_outputs = self._set_aux_loss(outputs_class, outputs_coord)
                outputs_loss["auxiliary_outputs"] = auxiliary_outputs
            if self.config.two_stage:
                enc_outputs_coord = outputs.enc_outputs_coord_logits.sigmoid()
                outputs_loss["enc_outputs"] = {
                    "logits": outputs.enc_outputs_class,
                    "pred_boxes": enc_outputs_coord,
                    "anchors": outputs.output_proposals.sigmoid(),
                }

            loss_dict = criterion(outputs_loss, labels)
            # Fourth: compute total loss, as a weighted sum of the various losses
            weight_dict = {"loss_ce": 1, "loss_bbox": self.config.bbox_loss_coefficient}
            weight_dict["loss_giou"] = self.config.giou_loss_coefficient
            if self.config.auxiliary_loss:
                aux_weight_dict = {}
                for i in range(self.config.decoder_layers - 1):
                    aux_weight_dict.update({k + f"_{i}": v for k, v in weight_dict.items()})
                aux_weight_dict.update({k + "_enc": v for k, v in weight_dict.items()})
                weight_dict.update(aux_weight_dict)
            loss = sum(loss_dict[k] * weight_dict[k] for k in loss_dict.keys() if k in weight_dict)

        if not return_dict:
            if auxiliary_outputs is not None:
                output = (logits, pred_boxes) + auxiliary_outputs + outputs
            else:
                output = (logits, pred_boxes) + outputs
            tuple_outputs = ((loss, loss_dict) + output) if loss is not None else output

            return tuple_outputs

        dict_outputs = DetaObjectDetectionOutput(
            loss=loss,
            loss_dict=loss_dict,
            logits=logits,
            pred_boxes=pred_boxes,
            auxiliary_outputs=auxiliary_outputs,
            last_hidden_state=outputs.last_hidden_state,
            decoder_hidden_states=outputs.decoder_hidden_states,
            decoder_attentions=outputs.decoder_attentions,
            cross_attentions=outputs.cross_attentions,
            encoder_last_hidden_state=outputs.encoder_last_hidden_state,
            encoder_hidden_states=outputs.encoder_hidden_states,
            encoder_attentions=outputs.encoder_attentions,
            intermediate_hidden_states=outputs.intermediate_hidden_states,
            intermediate_reference_points=outputs.intermediate_reference_points,
            init_reference_points=outputs.init_reference_points,
            enc_outputs_class=outputs.enc_outputs_class,
            enc_outputs_coord_logits=outputs.enc_outputs_coord_logits,
            output_proposals=outputs.output_proposals,
        )

        return dict_outputs


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.dice_loss
def dice_loss(inputs, targets, num_boxes):
    """
    Compute the DICE loss, similar to generalized IOU for masks

    Args:
        inputs: A float tensor of arbitrary shape.
                The predictions for each example.
        targets: A float tensor with the same shape as inputs. Stores the binary
                 classification label for each element in inputs (0 for the negative class and 1 for the positive
                 class).
    """
    inputs = inputs.sigmoid()
    inputs = inputs.flatten(1)
    numerator = 2 * (inputs * targets).sum(1)
    denominator = inputs.sum(-1) + targets.sum(-1)
    loss = 1 - (numerator + 1) / (denominator + 1)
    return loss.sum() / num_boxes


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.sigmoid_focal_loss
def sigmoid_focal_loss(inputs, targets, num_boxes, alpha: float = 0.25, gamma: float = 2):
    """
    Loss used in RetinaNet for dense detection: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02002.

    Args:
        inputs (`torch.FloatTensor` of arbitrary shape):
            The predictions for each example.
        targets (`torch.FloatTensor` with the same shape as `inputs`)
            A tensor storing the binary classification label for each element in the `inputs` (0 for the negative class
            and 1 for the positive class).
        alpha (`float`, *optional*, defaults to `0.25`):
            Optional weighting factor in the range (0,1) to balance positive vs. negative examples.
        gamma (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `2`):
            Exponent of the modulating factor (1 - p_t) to balance easy vs hard examples.

    Returns:
        Loss tensor
    """
    prob = inputs.sigmoid()
    ce_loss = nn.functional.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(inputs, targets, reduction="none")
    # add modulating factor
    p_t = prob * targets + (1 - prob) * (1 - targets)
    loss = ce_loss * ((1 - p_t) ** gamma)

    if alpha >= 0:
        alpha_t = alpha * targets + (1 - alpha) * (1 - targets)
        loss = alpha_t * loss

    return loss.mean(1).sum() / num_boxes


class DetaLoss(nn.Module):
    """
    This class computes the losses for `DetaForObjectDetection`. The process happens in two steps: 1) we compute
    hungarian assignment between ground truth boxes and the outputs of the model 2) we supervise each pair of matched
    ground-truth / prediction (supervised class and box).

    Args:
        matcher (`DetaHungarianMatcher`):
            Module able to compute a matching between targets and proposals.
        num_classes (`int`):
            Number of object categories, omitting the special no-object category.
        focal_alpha (`float`):
            Alpha parameter in focal loss.
        losses (`List[str]`):
            List of all the losses to be applied. See `get_loss` for a list of all available losses.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        matcher,
        num_classes,
        focal_alpha,
        losses,
        num_queries,
        assign_first_stage=False,
        assign_second_stage=False,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.matcher = matcher
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.focal_alpha = focal_alpha
        self.losses = losses
        self.assign_first_stage = assign_first_stage
        self.assign_second_stage = assign_second_stage

        if self.assign_first_stage:
            self.stg1_assigner = DetaStage1Assigner()
        if self.assign_second_stage:
            self.stg2_assigner = DetaStage2Assigner(num_queries)

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrLoss.loss_labels
    def loss_labels(self, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes):
        """
        Classification loss (Binary focal loss) targets dicts must contain the key "class_labels" containing a tensor
        of dim [nb_target_boxes]
        """
        if "logits" not in outputs:
            raise KeyError("No logits were found in the outputs")
        source_logits = outputs["logits"]

        idx = self._get_source_permutation_idx(indices)
        target_classes_o = torch.cat([t["class_labels"][J] for t, (_, J) in zip(targets, indices)])
        target_classes = torch.full(
            source_logits.shape[:2], self.num_classes, dtype=torch.int64, device=source_logits.device
        )
        target_classes[idx] = target_classes_o

        target_classes_onehot = torch.zeros(
            [source_logits.shape[0], source_logits.shape[1], source_logits.shape[2] + 1],
            dtype=source_logits.dtype,
            layout=source_logits.layout,
            device=source_logits.device,
        )
        target_classes_onehot.scatter_(2, target_classes.unsqueeze(-1), 1)

        target_classes_onehot = target_classes_onehot[:, :, :-1]
        loss_ce = (
            sigmoid_focal_loss(source_logits, target_classes_onehot, num_boxes, alpha=self.focal_alpha, gamma=2)
            * source_logits.shape[1]
        )
        losses = {"loss_ce": loss_ce}

        return losses

    @torch.no_grad()
    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrLoss.loss_cardinality
    def loss_cardinality(self, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes):
        """
        Compute the cardinality error, i.e. the absolute error in the number of predicted non-empty boxes.

        This is not really a loss, it is intended for logging purposes only. It doesn't propagate gradients.
        """
        logits = outputs["logits"]
        device = logits.device
        target_lengths = torch.as_tensor([len(v["class_labels"]) for v in targets], device=device)
        # Count the number of predictions that are NOT "no-object" (which is the last class)
        card_pred = (logits.argmax(-1) != logits.shape[-1] - 1).sum(1)
        card_err = nn.functional.l1_loss(card_pred.float(), target_lengths.float())
        losses = {"cardinality_error": card_err}
        return losses

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrLoss.loss_boxes
    def loss_boxes(self, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes):
        """
        Compute the losses related to the bounding boxes, the L1 regression loss and the GIoU loss.

        Targets dicts must contain the key "boxes" containing a tensor of dim [nb_target_boxes, 4]. The target boxes
        are expected in format (center_x, center_y, w, h), normalized by the image size.
        """
        if "pred_boxes" not in outputs:
            raise KeyError("No predicted boxes found in outputs")
        idx = self._get_source_permutation_idx(indices)
        source_boxes = outputs["pred_boxes"][idx]
        target_boxes = torch.cat([t["boxes"][i] for t, (_, i) in zip(targets, indices)], dim=0)

        loss_bbox = nn.functional.l1_loss(source_boxes, target_boxes, reduction="none")

        losses = {}
        losses["loss_bbox"] = loss_bbox.sum() / num_boxes

        loss_giou = 1 - torch.diag(
            generalized_box_iou(center_to_corners_format(source_boxes), center_to_corners_format(target_boxes))
        )
        losses["loss_giou"] = loss_giou.sum() / num_boxes
        return losses

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrLoss._get_source_permutation_idx
    def _get_source_permutation_idx(self, indices):
        # permute predictions following indices
        batch_idx = torch.cat([torch.full_like(source, i) for i, (source, _) in enumerate(indices)])
        source_idx = torch.cat([source for (source, _) in indices])
        return batch_idx, source_idx

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrLoss._get_target_permutation_idx
    def _get_target_permutation_idx(self, indices):
        # permute targets following indices
        batch_idx = torch.cat([torch.full_like(target, i) for i, (_, target) in enumerate(indices)])
        target_idx = torch.cat([target for (_, target) in indices])
        return batch_idx, target_idx

    # Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrLoss.get_loss
    def get_loss(self, loss, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes):
        loss_map = {
            "labels": self.loss_labels,
            "cardinality": self.loss_cardinality,
            "boxes": self.loss_boxes,
        }
        if loss not in loss_map:
            raise ValueError(f"Loss {loss} not supported")
        return loss_map[loss](outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes)

    def forward(self, outputs, targets):
        """
        This performs the loss computation.

        Args:
             outputs (`dict`, *optional*):
                Dictionary of tensors, see the output specification of the model for the format.
             targets (`List[dict]`, *optional*):
                List of dicts, such that `len(targets) == batch_size`. The expected keys in each dict depends on the
                losses applied, see each loss' doc.
        """
        outputs_without_aux = {k: v for k, v in outputs.items() if k not in ("auxiliary_outputs", "enc_outputs")}

        # Retrieve the matching between the outputs of the last layer and the targets
        if self.assign_second_stage:
            indices = self.stg2_assigner(outputs_without_aux, targets)
        else:
            indices = self.matcher(outputs_without_aux, targets)

        # Compute the average number of target boxes accross all nodes, for normalization purposes
        num_boxes = sum(len(t["class_labels"]) for t in targets)
        num_boxes = torch.as_tensor([num_boxes], dtype=torch.float, device=next(iter(outputs.values())).device)
        # Check that we have initialized the distributed state
        world_size = 1
        if is_accelerate_available():
            if PartialState._shared_state != {}:
                num_boxes = reduce(num_boxes)
                world_size = PartialState().num_processes
        num_boxes = torch.clamp(num_boxes / world_size, min=1).item()

        # Compute all the requested losses
        losses = {}
        for loss in self.losses:
            losses.update(self.get_loss(loss, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes))

        # In case of auxiliary losses, we repeat this process with the output of each intermediate layer.
        if "auxiliary_outputs" in outputs:
            for i, auxiliary_outputs in enumerate(outputs["auxiliary_outputs"]):
                if not self.assign_second_stage:
                    indices = self.matcher(auxiliary_outputs, targets)
                for loss in self.losses:
                    l_dict = self.get_loss(loss, auxiliary_outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes)
                    l_dict = {k + f"_{i}": v for k, v in l_dict.items()}
                    losses.update(l_dict)

        if "enc_outputs" in outputs:
            enc_outputs = outputs["enc_outputs"]
            bin_targets = copy.deepcopy(targets)
            for bt in bin_targets:
                bt["class_labels"] = torch.zeros_like(bt["class_labels"])
            if self.assign_first_stage:
                indices = self.stg1_assigner(enc_outputs, bin_targets)
            else:
                indices = self.matcher(enc_outputs, bin_targets)
            for loss in self.losses:
                l_dict = self.get_loss(loss, enc_outputs, bin_targets, indices, num_boxes)
                l_dict = {k + "_enc": v for k, v in l_dict.items()}
                losses.update(l_dict)

        return losses


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.DetrMLPPredictionHead
class DetaMLPPredictionHead(nn.Module):
    """
    Very simple multi-layer perceptron (MLP, also called FFN), used to predict the normalized center coordinates,
    height and width of a bounding box w.r.t. an image.

    Copied from https://github.com/facebookresearch/detr/blob/master/models/detr.py

    """

    def __init__(self, input_dim, hidden_dim, output_dim, num_layers):
        super().__init__()
        self.num_layers = num_layers
        h = [hidden_dim] * (num_layers - 1)
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList(nn.Linear(n, k) for n, k in zip([input_dim] + h, h + [output_dim]))

    def forward(self, x):
        for i, layer in enumerate(self.layers):
            x = nn.functional.relu(layer(x)) if i < self.num_layers - 1 else layer(x)
        return x


# Copied from transformers.models.deformable_detr.modeling_deformable_detr.DeformableDetrHungarianMatcher with DeformableDetr->Deta
class DetaHungarianMatcher(nn.Module):
    """
    This class computes an assignment between the targets and the predictions of the network.

    For efficiency reasons, the targets don't include the no_object. Because of this, in general, there are more
    predictions than targets. In this case, we do a 1-to-1 matching of the best predictions, while the others are
    un-matched (and thus treated as non-objects).

    Args:
        class_cost:
            The relative weight of the classification error in the matching cost.
        bbox_cost:
            The relative weight of the L1 error of the bounding box coordinates in the matching cost.
        giou_cost:
            The relative weight of the giou loss of the bounding box in the matching cost.
    """

    def __init__(self, class_cost: float = 1, bbox_cost: float = 1, giou_cost: float = 1):
        super().__init__()
        requires_backends(self, ["scipy"])

        self.class_cost = class_cost
        self.bbox_cost = bbox_cost
        self.giou_cost = giou_cost
        if class_cost == 0 and bbox_cost == 0 and giou_cost == 0:
            raise ValueError("All costs of the Matcher can't be 0")

    @torch.no_grad()
    def forward(self, outputs, targets):
        """
        Args:
            outputs (`dict`):
                A dictionary that contains at least these entries:
                * "logits": Tensor of dim [batch_size, num_queries, num_classes] with the classification logits
                * "pred_boxes": Tensor of dim [batch_size, num_queries, 4] with the predicted box coordinates.
            targets (`List[dict]`):
                A list of targets (len(targets) = batch_size), where each target is a dict containing:
                * "class_labels": Tensor of dim [num_target_boxes] (where num_target_boxes is the number of
                  ground-truth
                 objects in the target) containing the class labels
                * "boxes": Tensor of dim [num_target_boxes, 4] containing the target box coordinates.

        Returns:
            `List[Tuple]`: A list of size `batch_size`, containing tuples of (index_i, index_j) where:
            - index_i is the indices of the selected predictions (in order)
            - index_j is the indices of the corresponding selected targets (in order)
            For each batch element, it holds: len(index_i) = len(index_j) = min(num_queries, num_target_boxes)
        """
        batch_size, num_queries = outputs["logits"].shape[:2]

        # We flatten to compute the cost matrices in a batch
        out_prob = outputs["logits"].flatten(0, 1).sigmoid()  # [batch_size * num_queries, num_classes]
        out_bbox = outputs["pred_boxes"].flatten(0, 1)  # [batch_size * num_queries, 4]

        # Also concat the target labels and boxes
        target_ids = torch.cat([v["class_labels"] for v in targets])
        target_bbox = torch.cat([v["boxes"] for v in targets])

        # Compute the classification cost.
        alpha = 0.25
        gamma = 2.0
        neg_cost_class = (1 - alpha) * (out_prob**gamma) * (-(1 - out_prob + 1e-8).log())
        pos_cost_class = alpha * ((1 - out_prob) ** gamma) * (-(out_prob + 1e-8).log())
        class_cost = pos_cost_class[:, target_ids] - neg_cost_class[:, target_ids]

        # Compute the L1 cost between boxes
        bbox_cost = torch.cdist(out_bbox, target_bbox, p=1)

        # Compute the giou cost between boxes
        giou_cost = -generalized_box_iou(center_to_corners_format(out_bbox), center_to_corners_format(target_bbox))

        # Final cost matrix
        cost_matrix = self.bbox_cost * bbox_cost + self.class_cost * class_cost + self.giou_cost * giou_cost
        cost_matrix = cost_matrix.view(batch_size, num_queries, -1).cpu()

        sizes = [len(v["boxes"]) for v in targets]
        indices = [linear_sum_assignment(c[i]) for i, c in enumerate(cost_matrix.split(sizes, -1))]
        return [(torch.as_tensor(i, dtype=torch.int64), torch.as_tensor(j, dtype=torch.int64)) for i, j in indices]


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr._upcast
def _upcast(t: Tensor) -> Tensor:
    # Protects from numerical overflows in multiplications by upcasting to the equivalent higher type
    if t.is_floating_point():
        return t if t.dtype in (torch.float32, torch.float64) else t.float()
    else:
        return t if t.dtype in (torch.int32, torch.int64) else t.int()


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.box_area
def box_area(boxes: Tensor) -> Tensor:
    """
    Computes the area of a set of bounding boxes, which are specified by its (x1, y1, x2, y2) coordinates.

    Args:
        boxes (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(number_of_boxes, 4)`):
            Boxes for which the area will be computed. They are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format with `0 <= x1
            < x2` and `0 <= y1 < y2`.

    Returns:
        `torch.FloatTensor`: a tensor containing the area for each box.
    """
    boxes = _upcast(boxes)
    return (boxes[:, 2] - boxes[:, 0]) * (boxes[:, 3] - boxes[:, 1])


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.box_iou
def box_iou(boxes1, boxes2):
    area1 = box_area(boxes1)
    area2 = box_area(boxes2)

    left_top = torch.max(boxes1[:, None, :2], boxes2[:, :2])  # [N,M,2]
    right_bottom = torch.min(boxes1[:, None, 2:], boxes2[:, 2:])  # [N,M,2]

    width_height = (right_bottom - left_top).clamp(min=0)  # [N,M,2]
    inter = width_height[:, :, 0] * width_height[:, :, 1]  # [N,M]

    union = area1[:, None] + area2 - inter

    iou = inter / union
    return iou, union


# Copied from transformers.models.detr.modeling_detr.generalized_box_iou
def generalized_box_iou(boxes1, boxes2):
    """
    Generalized IoU from https://giou.stanford.edu/. The boxes should be in [x0, y0, x1, y1] (corner) format.

    Returns:
        `torch.FloatTensor`: a [N, M] pairwise matrix, where N = len(boxes1) and M = len(boxes2)
    """
    # degenerate boxes gives inf / nan results
    # so do an early check
    if not (boxes1[:, 2:] >= boxes1[:, :2]).all():
        raise ValueError(f"boxes1 must be in [x0, y0, x1, y1] (corner) format, but got {boxes1}")
    if not (boxes2[:, 2:] >= boxes2[:, :2]).all():
        raise ValueError(f"boxes2 must be in [x0, y0, x1, y1] (corner) format, but got {boxes2}")
    iou, union = box_iou(boxes1, boxes2)

    top_left = torch.min(boxes1[:, None, :2], boxes2[:, :2])
    bottom_right = torch.max(boxes1[:, None, 2:], boxes2[:, 2:])

    width_height = (bottom_right - top_left).clamp(min=0)  # [N,M,2]
    area = width_height[:, :, 0] * width_height[:, :, 1]

    return iou - (area - union) / area


# from https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2/blob/cbbc1ce26473cb2a5cc8f58e8ada9ae14cb41052/detectron2/layers/wrappers.py#L100
def nonzero_tuple(x):
    """
    A 'as_tuple=True' version of torch.nonzero to support torchscript. because of
    https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/38718
    """
    if torch.jit.is_scripting():
        if x.dim() == 0:
            return x.unsqueeze(0).nonzero().unbind(1)
        return x.nonzero().unbind(1)
    else:
        return x.nonzero(as_tuple=True)


# from https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2/blob/9921a2caa585d4fa66c4b534b6fab6e74d89b582/detectron2/modeling/matcher.py#L9
class DetaMatcher(object):
    """
    This class assigns to each predicted "element" (e.g., a box) a ground-truth element. Each predicted element will
    have exactly zero or one matches; each ground-truth element may be matched to zero or more predicted elements.

    The matching is determined by the MxN match_quality_matrix, that characterizes how well each (ground-truth,
    prediction)-pair match each other. For example, if the elements are boxes, this matrix may contain box
    intersection-over-union overlap values.

    The matcher returns (a) a vector of length N containing the index of the ground-truth element m in [0, M) that
    matches to prediction n in [0, N). (b) a vector of length N containing the labels for each prediction.
    """

    def __init__(self, thresholds: List[float], labels: List[int], allow_low_quality_matches: bool = False):
        """
        Args:
            thresholds (`list[float]`):
                A list of thresholds used to stratify predictions into levels.
            labels (`list[int`):
                A list of values to label predictions belonging at each level. A label can be one of {-1, 0, 1}
                signifying {ignore, negative class, positive class}, respectively.
            allow_low_quality_matches (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
                If `True`, produce additional matches for predictions with maximum match quality lower than
                high_threshold. See `set_low_quality_matches_` for more details.

            For example,
                thresholds = [0.3, 0.5] labels = [0, -1, 1] All predictions with iou < 0.3 will be marked with 0 and
                thus will be considered as false positives while training. All predictions with 0.3 <= iou < 0.5 will
                be marked with -1 and thus will be ignored. All predictions with 0.5 <= iou will be marked with 1 and
                thus will be considered as true positives.
        """
        # Add -inf and +inf to first and last position in thresholds
        thresholds = thresholds[:]
        if thresholds[0] < 0:
            raise ValueError("Thresholds should be positive")
        thresholds.insert(0, -float("inf"))
        thresholds.append(float("inf"))
        # Currently torchscript does not support all + generator
        if not all(low <= high for (low, high) in zip(thresholds[:-1], thresholds[1:])):
            raise ValueError("Thresholds should be sorted.")
        if not all(l in [-1, 0, 1] for l in labels):
            raise ValueError("All labels should be either -1, 0 or 1")
        if len(labels) != len(thresholds) - 1:
            raise ValueError("Number of labels should be equal to number of thresholds - 1")
        self.thresholds = thresholds
        self.labels = labels
        self.allow_low_quality_matches = allow_low_quality_matches

    def __call__(self, match_quality_matrix):
        """
        Args:
            match_quality_matrix (Tensor[float]): an MxN tensor, containing the
                pairwise quality between M ground-truth elements and N predicted elements. All elements must be >= 0
                (due to the us of `torch.nonzero` for selecting indices in `set_low_quality_matches_`).

        Returns:
            matches (Tensor[int64]): a vector of length N, where matches[i] is a matched
                ground-truth index in [0, M)
            match_labels (Tensor[int8]): a vector of length N, where pred_labels[i] indicates
                whether a prediction is a true or false positive or ignored
        """
        assert match_quality_matrix.dim() == 2
        if match_quality_matrix.numel() == 0:
            default_matches = match_quality_matrix.new_full((match_quality_matrix.size(1),), 0, dtype=torch.int64)
            # When no gt boxes exist, we define IOU = 0 and therefore set labels
            # to `self.labels[0]`, which usually defaults to background class 0
            # To choose to ignore instead, can make labels=[-1,0,-1,1] + set appropriate thresholds
            default_match_labels = match_quality_matrix.new_full(
                (match_quality_matrix.size(1),), self.labels[0], dtype=torch.int8
            )
            return default_matches, default_match_labels

        assert torch.all(match_quality_matrix >= 0)

        # match_quality_matrix is M (gt) x N (predicted)
        # Max over gt elements (dim 0) to find best gt candidate for each prediction
        matched_vals, matches = match_quality_matrix.max(dim=0)

        match_labels = matches.new_full(matches.size(), 1, dtype=torch.int8)

        for l, low, high in zip(self.labels, self.thresholds[:-1], self.thresholds[1:]):
            low_high = (matched_vals >= low) & (matched_vals < high)
            match_labels[low_high] = l

        if self.allow_low_quality_matches:
            self.set_low_quality_matches_(match_labels, match_quality_matrix)

        return matches, match_labels

    def set_low_quality_matches_(self, match_labels, match_quality_matrix):
        """
        Produce additional matches for predictions that have only low-quality matches. Specifically, for each
        ground-truth G find the set of predictions that have maximum overlap with it (including ties); for each
        prediction in that set, if it is unmatched, then match it to the ground-truth G.

        This function implements the RPN assignment case (i) in Sec. 3.1.2 of :paper:`Faster R-CNN`.
        """
        # For each gt, find the prediction with which it has highest quality
        highest_quality_foreach_gt, _ = match_quality_matrix.max(dim=1)
        # Find the highest quality match available, even if it is low, including ties.
        # Note that the matches qualities must be positive due to the use of
        # `torch.nonzero`.
        _, pred_inds_with_highest_quality = nonzero_tuple(match_quality_matrix == highest_quality_foreach_gt[:, None])
        # If an anchor was labeled positive only due to a low-quality match
        # with gt_A, but it has larger overlap with gt_B, it's matched index will still be gt_B.
        # This follows the implementation in Detectron, and is found to have no significant impact.
        match_labels[pred_inds_with_highest_quality] = 1


# from https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2/blob/cbbc1ce26473cb2a5cc8f58e8ada9ae14cb41052/detectron2/modeling/sampling.py#L9
def subsample_labels(labels: torch.Tensor, num_samples: int, positive_fraction: float, bg_label: int):
    """
    Return `num_samples` (or fewer, if not enough found) random samples from `labels` which is a mixture of positives &
    negatives. It will try to return as many positives as possible without exceeding `positive_fraction * num_samples`,
    and then try to fill the remaining slots with negatives.

    Args:
        labels (Tensor): (N, ) label vector with values:
            * -1: ignore
            * bg_label: background ("negative") class
            * otherwise: one or more foreground ("positive") classes
        num_samples (int): The total number of labels with value >= 0 to return.
            Values that are not sampled will be filled with -1 (ignore).
        positive_fraction (float): The number of subsampled labels with values > 0
            is `min(num_positives, int(positive_fraction * num_samples))`. The number of negatives sampled is
            `min(num_negatives, num_samples - num_positives_sampled)`. In order words, if there are not enough
            positives, the sample is filled with negatives. If there are also not enough negatives, then as many
            elements are sampled as is possible.
        bg_label (int): label index of background ("negative") class.

    Returns:
        pos_idx, neg_idx (Tensor):
            1D vector of indices. The total length of both is `num_samples` or fewer.
    """
    positive = nonzero_tuple((labels != -1) & (labels != bg_label))[0]
    negative = nonzero_tuple(labels == bg_label)[0]

    num_pos = int(num_samples * positive_fraction)
    # protect against not enough positive examples
    num_pos = min(positive.numel(), num_pos)
    num_neg = num_samples - num_pos
    # protect against not enough negative examples
    num_neg = min(negative.numel(), num_neg)

    # randomly select positive and negative examples
    perm1 = torch.randperm(positive.numel(), device=positive.device)[:num_pos]
    perm2 = torch.randperm(negative.numel(), device=negative.device)[:num_neg]

    pos_idx = positive[perm1]
    neg_idx = negative[perm2]
    return pos_idx, neg_idx


def sample_topk_per_gt(pr_inds, gt_inds, iou, k):
    if len(gt_inds) == 0:
        return pr_inds, gt_inds
    # find topk matches for each gt
    gt_inds2, counts = gt_inds.unique(return_counts=True)
    scores, pr_inds2 = iou[gt_inds2].topk(k, dim=1)
    gt_inds2 = gt_inds2[:, None].repeat(1, k)

    # filter to as many matches that gt has
    pr_inds3 = torch.cat([pr[:c] for c, pr in zip(counts, pr_inds2)])
    gt_inds3 = torch.cat([gt[:c] for c, gt in zip(counts, gt_inds2)])
    return pr_inds3, gt_inds3


# modified from https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2/blob/cbbc1ce26473cb2a5cc8f58e8ada9ae14cb41052/detectron2/modeling/roi_heads/roi_heads.py#L123
class DetaStage2Assigner(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_queries, max_k=4):
        super().__init__()
        self.positive_fraction = 0.25
        self.bg_label = 400  # number > 91 to filter out later
        self.batch_size_per_image = num_queries
        self.proposal_matcher = DetaMatcher(thresholds=[0.6], labels=[0, 1], allow_low_quality_matches=True)
        self.k = max_k

    def _sample_proposals(self, matched_idxs: torch.Tensor, matched_labels: torch.Tensor, gt_classes: torch.Tensor):
        """
        Based on the matching between N proposals and M groundtruth, sample the proposals and set their classification
        labels.

        Args:
            matched_idxs (Tensor): a vector of length N, each is the best-matched
                gt index in [0, M) for each proposal.
            matched_labels (Tensor): a vector of length N, the matcher's label
                (one of cfg.MODEL.ROI_HEADS.IOU_LABELS) for each proposal.
            gt_classes (Tensor): a vector of length M.

        Returns:
            Tensor: a vector of indices of sampled proposals. Each is in [0, N). Tensor: a vector of the same length,
            the classification label for
                each sampled proposal. Each sample is labeled as either a category in [0, num_classes) or the
                background (num_classes).
        """
        has_gt = gt_classes.numel() > 0
        # Get the corresponding GT for each proposal
        if has_gt:
            gt_classes = gt_classes[matched_idxs]
            # Label unmatched proposals (0 label from matcher) as background (label=num_classes)
            gt_classes[matched_labels == 0] = self.bg_label
            # Label ignore proposals (-1 label)
            gt_classes[matched_labels == -1] = -1
        else:
            gt_classes = torch.zeros_like(matched_idxs) + self.bg_label

        sampled_fg_idxs, sampled_bg_idxs = subsample_labels(
            gt_classes, self.batch_size_per_image, self.positive_fraction, self.bg_label
        )

        sampled_idxs = torch.cat([sampled_fg_idxs, sampled_bg_idxs], dim=0)
        return sampled_idxs, gt_classes[sampled_idxs]

    def forward(self, outputs, targets, return_cost_matrix=False):
        # COCO categories are from 1 to 90. They set num_classes=91 and apply sigmoid.

        bs = len(targets)
        indices = []
        ious = []
        for b in range(bs):
            iou, _ = box_iou(
                center_to_corners_format(targets[b]["boxes"]),
                center_to_corners_format(outputs["init_reference"][b].detach()),
            )
            matched_idxs, matched_labels = self.proposal_matcher(
                iou
            )  # proposal_id -> highest_iou_gt_id, proposal_id -> [1 if iou > 0.6, 0 ow]
            (
                sampled_idxs,
                sampled_gt_classes,
            ) = self._sample_proposals(  # list of sampled proposal_ids, sampled_id -> [0, num_classes)+[bg_label]
                matched_idxs, matched_labels, targets[b]["class_labels"]
            )
            pos_pr_inds = sampled_idxs[sampled_gt_classes != self.bg_label]
            pos_gt_inds = matched_idxs[pos_pr_inds]
            pos_pr_inds, pos_gt_inds = self.postprocess_indices(pos_pr_inds, pos_gt_inds, iou)
            indices.append((pos_pr_inds, pos_gt_inds))
            ious.append(iou)
        if return_cost_matrix:
            return indices, ious
        return indices

    def postprocess_indices(self, pr_inds, gt_inds, iou):
        return sample_topk_per_gt(pr_inds, gt_inds, iou, self.k)


# modified from https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2/blob/cbbc1ce26473cb2a5cc8f58e8ada9ae14cb41052/detectron2/modeling/proposal_generator/rpn.py#L181
class DetaStage1Assigner(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, t_low=0.3, t_high=0.7, max_k=4):
        super().__init__()
        self.positive_fraction = 0.5
        self.batch_size_per_image = 256
        self.k = max_k
        self.t_low = t_low
        self.t_high = t_high
        self.anchor_matcher = DetaMatcher(
            thresholds=[t_low, t_high], labels=[0, -1, 1], allow_low_quality_matches=True
        )

    def _subsample_labels(self, label):
        """
        Randomly sample a subset of positive and negative examples, and overwrite the label vector to the ignore value
        (-1) for all elements that are not included in the sample.

        Args:
            labels (Tensor): a vector of -1, 0, 1. Will be modified in-place and returned.
        """
        pos_idx, neg_idx = subsample_labels(label, self.batch_size_per_image, self.positive_fraction, 0)
        # Fill with the ignore label (-1), then set positive and negative labels
        label.fill_(-1)
        label.scatter_(0, pos_idx, 1)
        label.scatter_(0, neg_idx, 0)
        return label

    def forward(self, outputs, targets):
        bs = len(targets)
        indices = []
        for b in range(bs):
            anchors = outputs["anchors"][b]
            if len(targets[b]["boxes"]) == 0:
                indices.append(
                    (
                        torch.tensor([], dtype=torch.long, device=anchors.device),
                        torch.tensor([], dtype=torch.long, device=anchors.device),
                    )
                )
                continue
            iou, _ = box_iou(
                center_to_corners_format(targets[b]["boxes"]),
                center_to_corners_format(anchors),
            )
            matched_idxs, matched_labels = self.anchor_matcher(
                iou
            )  # proposal_id -> highest_iou_gt_id, proposal_id -> [1 if iou > 0.7, 0 if iou < 0.3, -1 ow]
            matched_labels = self._subsample_labels(matched_labels)

            all_pr_inds = torch.arange(len(anchors), device=matched_labels.device)
            pos_pr_inds = all_pr_inds[matched_labels == 1]
            pos_gt_inds = matched_idxs[pos_pr_inds]
            pos_pr_inds, pos_gt_inds = self.postprocess_indices(pos_pr_inds, pos_gt_inds, iou)
            pos_pr_inds, pos_gt_inds = pos_pr_inds.to(anchors.device), pos_gt_inds.to(anchors.device)
            indices.append((pos_pr_inds, pos_gt_inds))
        return indices

    def postprocess_indices(self, pr_inds, gt_inds, iou):
        return sample_topk_per_gt(pr_inds, gt_inds, iou, self.k)